标签归档 武汉桑拿足浴

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Multi-local tax big data shows that products with wide export to domestic market are popular.

Export to domestic sales has become an important measure for many foreign trade enterprises to cope with the current challenges. The reporter recently learned from the tax authorities in many places that according to the statistics of tax big data, many foreign trade enterprises are accelerating the export to domestic sales, and the pace is becoming more and more stable.

According to the tax economic analysis data of Guangdong Provincial Taxation Bureau in State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China, the domestic sales amount of export enterprises in Guangdong Province has exceeded last year’s level in April, while the domestic sales amount in May was basically the same as that in April, and the domestic sales amount in June increased by 3.8% year-on-year. Among them, the export of communication equipment manufacturing industry, textile and garment industry and motor manufacturing industry has achieved outstanding results, and domestic sales have increased significantly against the trend; Private and foreign-funded export enterprises have a high degree of domestic sales. From January to May, the proportion of domestic sales increased by 0.8 and 0.7 percentage points respectively. In June, the domestic sales of private enterprises increased by 6.7% year-on-year.

The same phenomenon happened in Ningbo. According to Pan Congbo, director of the Second Taxation Branch of Ningbo Taxation Bureau, State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China, from the recent big tax data, 17.6% of foreign trade enterprises’ VAT invoices increased year-on-year, among which 27.7% of production-oriented export enterprises’ domestic sales increased.

The change from export to domestic sales has made some enterprises go against the trend. Xinli Optoelectronic Co., Ltd. is a supplier of intelligent terminal accessories. In the first half of this year, the company’s export volume decreased by 50.4%, but domestic sales increased by 91.2% against the trend, eventually driving the overall sales growth by 39.8%.

Guangdong Yuanhua New Materials Co., Ltd., located in Foshan, is mainly engaged in the research and development of new anti-skid mats and yoga mats. Before the COVID-19 epidemic, 80% of its market was overseas. With the rise of new models such as "cloud fitness" in China, they have accelerated the development of products that meet the fitness habits of Asians. From February to June, the sales volume of the company’s official online store increased by 43% year-on-year.

It is not easy for enterprises to export to domestic market, and they are faced with a series of problems such as channel development and brand remodeling. The reporter learned that the tax authorities in many places use tax big data to help foreign trade enterprises find domestic sales channels and help them explore the domestic market through platform distribution, live broadcast and new retail.

"Zhuji, Zhejiang is known as the’ socks capital’. Relying on big data analysis, tax officials have sorted out 546 socks enterprises that generate foreign trade data." The staff of Zhuji City Taxation Bureau in State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China introduced that after on-the-spot visits and understanding, they identified two batches of more than 50 hosiery enterprises that want to sell domestically and can sell domestically. In the first half of this year, these hosiery enterprises have successfully transferred to domestic sales through the new retail channels established by local e-commerce associations, and the total sales volume has reached 56 million pairs.

All localities have also speeded up export tax rebates to solve problems for foreign trade enterprises to export to domestic sales. It is understood that in the first half of this year, the tax authorities of Sichuan Province accelerated the implementation of the new export tax rebate policy through a series of measures such as opening a "green channel" for tax rebate in the tax service hall and promoting paperless tax rebate, with a total export tax rebate of 5.088 billion yuan.

From January to May this year, the domestic sales turnover of Guangdong Ouya Home Furnishing Co., Ltd. was 48.106 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 252.7%. Lian Yushan, executive deputy general manager of Eurasia Home Furnishing, said: "Since the beginning of this year, we have enjoyed 6.59 million yuan in export tax rebate and 1.467 million yuan in social security fee reduction, which provided financial support for us to move to the domestic market."

Ningbo Shunda Risheng Electric Appliance Co., Ltd. enjoyed a preferential income tax of 170,000 yuan for small and micro enterprises in the first half of this year; After the value-added tax rate is reduced from 16% to 13%, the capital occupation of enterprises will be reduced by about 400 thousand yuan; The phased reduction of social insurance premiums saved another 86,000 yuan. "With tax incentives, we have increased the R&D and production of new domestic products, which makes us more confident in adjusting our market strategy." The person in charge of the company said.

It is understood that in order to alleviate the financial pressure of export enterprises and help stabilize foreign trade and foreign investment, the tax authorities have vigorously promoted paperless tax refund declaration, speeding up the average processing time of normal tax refund business by 20%, and even reducing it by more than 50% in some areas. (Reporter Dong Bijuan)

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Life and death robbery of new energy vehicles "national compensation": opportunities, hidden dangers and challenges from survivors one after another

"Is there a national subsidy to withdraw, is there a price cut by Tesla, and some car companies and some brands have no future?"

In an interview with Netease Technology’s "Energy Field", Li Jinyong, executive director of the Automobile Dealers Chamber of Commerce of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce and chairman of the New Energy Automobile Committee, spoke bluntly about the upcoming impact of the current "state subsidy and retreat" on some automobile companies.

The policy of "state subsidy" for new energy vehicles, which lasted for 14 years, officially withdrew from the historical stage.The purchase subsidy for new energy vehicles will be terminated on December 31, 2022.. Car companies that are used to feeding by subsidies have been weaned collectively.

At the same time, squeezed by multiple factors such as scale effect, cost pressure, price war, and double integral policy variables, all domestic new energy vehicle companies will encounter unprecedented battles in a full, free and cruel competitive market. In this regard, no one can be lucky: "This is a moment to test strategic strength and judgment."

In January 2023, new energy vehicles handed over a set of embarrassing "answers": except for Tesla, BYD and Ideal, which rose by 286.5%, 62% and 23% respectively,Almost the entire new energy vehicle market has experienced a decline in sales to varying degrees.. The zero-run, which once had an eye-catching performance, hit a year-on-year and month-on-month plunge of 85% in January; Weilai delivered 8,506 vehicles in January, down 11.9% year-on-year; Last year, Nezha, the sales champion of New Power, delivered only 6,016 vehicles in January, down 45.4% year-on-year.

Someone teased: "I have eaten milk for more than ten years, and I haven’t grown up yet!"

After the real weaning, can car companies still ride the waves in the market?

"In 2022, the production and sales volume of new energy vehicles nationwide has reached 6.88 million.The permeability reaches 26%Does this strong young man need to continue to enjoy breast milk? "

Zhang Hong, Secretary-General of china automobile dealers association New Energy Automobile Branch, said in an interview with Netease Technology’s Energy Field: "State compensation has contributed greatly to the development of China’s new energy automobile industry into the world’s largest production and sales country and market. But just as babies have to go through weaning when they grow into teenagers,Subsidized slope retreat is also a page that must be experienced in the development of new energy vehicles.. "

In the past thirteen years, China’s new energy vehicles have grown rapidly. A well-known achievement is that in 2016, the output of new energy vehicles in China was 517,000, and seven years later, this group of figures became 6.8 million, and its market share increased to 25.6%.Complete the goal of reaching 20% in 2025 proposed by the National Development Plan for Energy Saving and New Energy Automobile Industry three years ahead of schedule..

However, if we want to overtake in a corner instead of overturning in a corner and use a pair of "tangible hands" to promote emerging industries, subsidies are essential and the most common: for both producers and consumers, price means can expand the market scale and also enable enterprises to reduce production costs by means of scale effect.

"Subsidies will end sooner or later, but various forms of policies are believed to continue to be introduced." Wang Kai, founder and CTO of Youdian Technology, and Netease Technology’s "Energy Field" said that the subsidies at the production end must end when they begin: "There is no subsidy that does not retreat, and the purpose of subsidies is to finally cancel subsidies."

And whether to cancel subsidies, another consideration indicator,Is the current new energy market mature enough?.

"The core standard depends on the sales of new energy vehicles in non-restricted cities. These cities now have quite a few consumers who are willing to buy new energy vehicles. " Li Jinyong said that non-restricted second-and third-tier cities are closer to a completely competitive market, and people have formed buying habits.

According to the traffic insurance data of the Ministry of Public Security, the penetration rate of new energy vehicles in cities without purchase restrictions was only 3% in 2019, and it will reach 11.2% in 2021. In the first half of 2022, this figure exceeded 20%, doubling the growth.

In an interview with Netease Technology, Mu Ying, co-founder of Qingyu Capital, an equity investment institution specializing in the research of new energy sub-sectors, took Tesla as an example and talked about another point: "The existence of Tesla in recent years proves that the new energy vehicle manufacturing market can indeed be profitable." Yan Ying said that Tesla has strong management and integration capabilities in the supply chain, which makes it have lower costs and allows investors to see the possibility of profitability in the new energy market.

An intuitive example is that from 2019 to 2022, Tesla’s supply ratio in China once rose from about 50% to 95%. From the battery chassis to the steering wheel and seat belts, Tesla China has almost all local suppliers, which makes many people shout: "Except for the logo, everything else is made in China."

On the other hand, in the field of electrification, from upstream raw materials to downstream manufacturing links, there is already a relatively complete independent industrial chain of three power systems. For example, some car companies, such as BYD, already have complete three-power system technology and production capacity, which can basically be controlled independently; In the field of intelligence, intelligent cockpit and intelligent driving configuration, the penetration rate of intelligent configuration of domestic models is also increasing.

"In the more than ten years of the existence of the State Compensation, China’s new energy vehicles have already had a fairly complete industrial chain, which is a huge advantage." Yan Ying said. The measure of a mature market depends on whether the market can gradually migrate downward and return to the place with the largest population: "The main structure of the current automobile market is actually an olive shape. But on the whole, the market will move down. It is inevitable that Tesla will gradually cut prices now. "

"This may not be a good time."

Although the market is mature enough, Li Jinyong believes that the time of subsidy withdrawal is open to question: the pressure faced by domestic brands at this time is multiple. "Due to the surge in battery costs and the irregular change of the’ double points’ policy in 2021, the price of new energy vehicles is too low, and car companies are not subsidized enough. At this time, the cost pressure will be great."

"The so-called double integral policy is simple to understand.It is a means to adjust the funds for fuel vehicles and new energy vehicles.. Li Jinyong pointed out that the original intention of the dual-point policy is to continue the state subsidies for new energy vehicles, and to increase the cost of fuel vehicles and reduce the cost of new energy through point trading to promote the development of new energy. However, the results of the implementation of the double integral policy have not reached the original goal.

Generally speaking, fuel car companies have more negative points and new energy car companies have more positive points. The former should buy positive points from the latter to offset the negative points. However, according to the data of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, in 2021, the positive integral of fuel consumption of passenger cars in China increased to 15.94 million compared with 4.37 million in 2020, and the negative integral decreased from 11.71 million in 2020 to 5.63 million. There are many positive points and few negative points in the industry, and the market supply exceeds demand, which leads to a sharp drop in the price of positive points, a rapid decrease in the funds available to new energy vehicle enterprises and a sharp increase in pressure.

Talking about the reasons, Li Jinyong introduced that according to the plan, the national fuel consumption target is 4L/100km in 2025 and 4.92L/100km in 2021, which is decreasing year by year. However, in 2021, the country’s calculation method of fuel consumption changed, which triggered a chain reaction: some car companies with increased fuel consumption in actual operation reduced fuel consumption according to the new standard, so the negative points of the whole industry also decreased greatly: "This may be unreasonable."

If we say that the cost pressure has already made many car companies unbearable, today’s national subsidy is no less than another one.

Taking the cost of batteries as an example, this has almost become the overall pain of the industry-although, since December 2022,Lithium carbonate has kept falling for three months, reaching 400,000 yuan/ton.Compared with the high point of 600,000 yuan/ton before the subsidy for new energy vehicles retreated last year, it has dropped sharply-but even so, the price today is still tenfold higher than that of 40,000 yuan/ton in 2020.

The reason why it is "almost" is that even the sorrows and joys in the industry are not connected: when China domestic brands lambaste "where is the money going" in the cry of "selling one car and losing one", battery raw material manufacturers have already earned a lot of money in this round of periodic rise of lithium mines-for example, Ganfeng Lithium Industry, a leading enterprise in the industry, has achieved a net profit of 14.795 billion in the first three quarters of 2022. In the first three quarters of 2022, Tianqi Lithium’s profit reached 15.981 billion, which was nearly 30 times higher than the same period last year.

There are many similar appeals. For example, Miao Wei, deputy director of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference Economic Commission, recently said that the withdrawal of policy subsidies would have a certain impact on the domestic new energy automobile market in the first quarter of this year or even in the first half of this year, and suggested that the new energy automobile purchase reduction and exemption policy planned to be withdrawn at the end of this year should be continued.

The continuation may lie in a hidden worry: in many ways, the core of subsidies is not the "big money-throwing" that has been going on for more than ten years, but the use of funds to subvert the early costs of small-scale emerging industries, weak markets and unstable technologies, and exchange time for space.

According to the most direct understanding, the disappearance of subsidies will bring about an increase in costs, which will bring about price increases. In fact, from mid-2022 to now, many new energy brands have quietly set off a "price increase tide": for example, BYD, Weimar, Nezha, Chang ‘an Deep Blue, Volkswagen, etc. have successively announced that they will increase the terminal prices of some of their models, ranging from 1,000 yuan to 10,000 yuan.

"The market’s battery cost has risen sharply in the past two years, and the decline in the price of points and the decline in subsidies have had a great impact on low-priced cars, especially for A00."

Li Jinyong said that the sales volume of new energy vehicles headed by A00 is the largest, and the scale effect is spelled out, and profits are made by volume. However, its profit is small, and its room for manoeuvre is small, which is the most affected this time. The mid-to-high-end models of around 300,000 are also affected, but there are many ways to digest them. After all, the added value is great: "This time, 200,000-300,000 cars have not increased their prices, but they are still reducing their prices. Why? There is a lot of room between the purchase cost and the sales price of these vehicles. The industrial cost of a car with a price of 200,000, including spare parts and steel plates, is about 120,000, which is about 6-7 fold. "

For this reason, the seemingly "strange" price increase and price reduction were staged simultaneously in this spring: in January 2023, the A-class, B-class and C-class of new energy passenger cars showed positive growth year-on-year, however, the A00-class and A0-class decreased year-on-year; On the other hand, "Catfish" Tesla stirred up the industry, and after its Model 3 and Model Y were greatly reduced in price, companies such as Wenjie, Tucki and Weilai also started the price reduction tide.

"In 2023, the new energy vehicle market will usher in a great change from policy and market two-wheel drive to market single-wheel drive, and the competition will become more and more fierce. At present, there are 56 new energy vehicles from 29 manufacturers on the market. After the country’s subsidy, except for car companies with strong industrial chains and rich product chains such as BYD and Tesla, most car companies are facing the pressure that car prices must be raised. " Zhang Hong said that under the influence of multiple factors, not only small and medium-sized car companies are having a hard time, but dealers who are caught between consumers who are holding money and car companies who are forced to cut prices will also be greatly affected.

"There is no doubt that a large number of players will be out." Li Jinyong said.

In fact, in order to facilitate the gradual weaning of manufacturers, the intensity of state subsidies has gradually decreased over the years: from 2017 to 2021, the proportion of new energy vehicles subsidized by the state has decreased year by year.Among them, it was 78% in 2017, and it has dropped to 63% in 2020 and reached 47% in 2021.. The subsidy price is also decreasing year by year: from 2015 to 2020, the average subsidy for new energy vehicles and bicycles decreased from 106,400 yuan to 23,000 yuan.

Under such a background, the consideration lies not only in support, but also in Darwin’s "natural selection": whether in 2016 or 2019, subsidies for new energy vehicles have experienced several sharp declines, and outstanding enterprises in the wave will survive, which will save money to expand production capacity, upgrade technology and iterate products.

Players who continue to indulge in "nipple music" are washed away and eliminated, becoming passers-by.

"These enterprises that mainly pursue subsidies, their products are not market-oriented pricing, but rely on policies to eat subsidies, such as BAIC New Energy." Li Jinyong said.

In the era of high subsidies, BAIC New Energy has been the first pure electric vehicle, with an annual sales of more than 100,000 vehicles. However, its car models have changed from oil to electricity, and its car design is aging. With the gradual withdrawal of subsidies, it will annihilate everyone. An intuitive example is that the company achieved a profit of 92 million yuan in 2019, but after deducting non-profits, its net profit reached 874 million yuan, of which the largest income in non-recurring profit and loss items came from government subsidies, amounting to 1.041 billion yuan: This means that BAIC New Energy at that time lived on government subsidies.

On the one hand, the amount of new energy subsidies is declining year by year, on the other hand, the threshold for access is gradually increasing. For example, in 2018, the minimum requirement for the driving range of pure electric vehicles was raised from 100 km to 150 km. It will rise to 250 kilometers in 2019 and become 300 kilometers in 2021.

As a result, many car companies that enjoy pleasure and are not enterprising in subsidies have been eliminated by the rising threshold year by year. For example, Zhidou Automobile, which was popular with Zhidou D2 model, was priced at 158,800 yuan at that time, and the lowest selling price was only 49,800 yuan, including various subsidies. This made it win the national sales champion with 23,000 vehicles in 2015, and by 2017, the sales volume of Zhidou reached the peak of 42,000 vehicles.

However, in 2018, after the subsidy threshold was raised, the sales of Zhidou showed a cliff-like decline. By the second half of 2019, Zhidou had been included in the list of executors for 48 times, and finally the company’s equity could only be auctioned. In just two years, the former sales champion has been separated from the future, which is embarrassing. And this is just a microcosm. Including Chery’s early mini pure electric vehicle eQ series, JAC iEV series, Changan Benben EV and other models, they were also lifted by the subsidy threshold and gradually declined until they disappeared.

"In the early days of the development of new energy vehicles, many mercenary car companies rushed into battle in order to cheat, and launched a series of models with unknown positioning, simple structure and rough quality. The only fate of such car companies is to go out." Zhang Hong said.

Since the initial attempt of "Ten Cities and Thousand Vehicles Demonstration Project" in China in 2009, new energy vehicles have been listed as one of the "seven strategic emerging industries" in 2010, and the "Development Plan for Energy Saving and New Energy Vehicle Industry (2012-2020)" was put forward in the State Council in 2012.

In the past 14 years, the sales volume of new energy vehicles in China has increased from 80,000 vehicles in 2014 to 8 million vehicles now, and the national subsidy has followed all the way. The new energy vehicles in China have gradually changed from small to large and from weak to strong. Since 2015, China has ranked first in the world in terms of production and sales for seven consecutive years.

"If consumers have been relying on subsidies to consider buying new energy vehicles, then this is the sorrow of China’s new energy automobile industry!" Zhang Hong said: "No matter the minds of consumers or the products of car companies, they can’t be flowers in a greenhouse made of subsidies. They must experience storms in the fierce market competition and then become stronger and more mature."

Insiders told Netease Technology "Energy Field",The real vitality and competitiveness of car companies are not and should not rely on subsidies at all..

"What did BYD earn before 2021? Earn a billion dollars a year. But why did you suddenly make so much money in 2022? When the scale comes up, the algorithm of the entire marginal cost is different. "

Li Jinyong told Netease Technology "Energy Field" that the scale effect will determine the direct life and death of future car companies. For brands that sold less than 10,000 cars in those years, it is actually a matter of early and late death. Whether there is a state-funded withdrawal or a price reduction by Tesla, such brands are doomed to have no future.

An intuitive example happened in the last century: after the first assembly line production method, the annual output of Ford cars quickly broke through from 10,000 to 100,000+cars. Other cars often cost two or three thousand dollars, while Ford only sells for 850 dollars, but it can still make a high profit. By 1927, Ford launched the Model T, the price was as low as $290, and Ford’s market share in the United States was close to 50%.

"Whether it is a battery or a tram, scale reduction is also a very important direction. Therefore, when both technology and scale can reach the inflection point, in fact, the product is economical. " Yan Ying said.

"After more than ten years of development, new energy vehicles have produced a number of OEMs with strong R&D capabilities, mature product supply chains and colorful product lines like BYD and Tesla." In Zhang Hong’s view, the country’s compensation and retreat is only a secondary factor in this impact. In the past 13 years, small and medium-sized car enterprises, even some new force car-making enterprises, have shown weak anti-strike ability once they encounter the difficulties of soaring raw material prices, chip shortage and short supply of spare parts because the product supply chain relies too much on socialization. When R&D, vehicle delivery and marketing capabilities are not strong, it will become more difficult to seek financing for blood transfusion: "Even if winter comes in nature, their days will continue to face the test of severe winter."

Weaning, followed by closing the door, the new car-making forces that want to enter again will be difficult to get tickets in the future. The follow-up competition is likely to be a mutual fight between the main bodies of the stock.

"The stage of barbaric growth should be over."

A former employee in LI, an industry veteran who is now starting his own business, told Netease Technology Energy Field that from last year to now, he and several partners planned to start building cars, but the qualification problem became a "roadblock": "Whether it was the earliest OEM model like Weilai or the acquisition model, it is very difficult to approve now, and the country is gradually tightening."

In 2023, it is no longer easy for new entrants. Li Yinan, formerly known as Ren Zhengfei’s successor, went off to build a car, but the Freedom House he founded was frustrated for several years, and it ended hastily when he failed to deliver one. The qualification has become a problem for new entrants to get stuck in the neck.

No matter from what angle, a continuous farewell is inevitable for the only remaining players. "In the past three years, 75 brands have fallen. It is estimated that after 3 to 5 years, 60% to 70% of brands will face closure and transfer. We can predict that the competition in the future will still be very fierce, but the fallen brands will leave more market space and make the living brands have more room for development. " In January 2023, Zhu Huarong, chairman of Changan Automobile, once said.

After comparing the latest quarterly financial reports of Tesla and Toyota, Netease Technology Energy Field found that the gross profit margin of Tesla bicycles was already eight times that of Toyota. Tesla sold a car with a profit of nearly 70,000 yuan before the price cut, and even after the price cut, there was a profit margin of 30,000 yuan. However, Weilai, Tucki and Ideality are in a state of losing money in selling cars. In the third quarter of 2022, they lost 100,000, 80,000 and 60,000 respectively in selling a car.

"For the models that are now sold in 100,000 and 200,000 years, the opportunity is still there." Li Jinyong said that it is a critical moment to test the strategic decision-making of business leaders if medium-sized and medium-sized car companies dare to follow Tesla to cut prices, and dare to reduce costs to fight for a future and seize the market: "If I say now that I can’t afford to drop, I will lose money, so don’t drop."

On the other hand, Li Jinyong said that when consumers are expecting to cut prices, when they get off the bus, they must change their thinking, and they must make market-based pricing, not cost pricing: "If you can’t do it, don’t participate, or you will be the future Nokia, and the future will definitely be eliminated. Not all car companies will be able to make it five years later and ten years later."

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June 1 exclusive welfare! Miyazaki Hayao Film Appreciation will re-show "City of the Sky"

1905 movie network news Warm, innocent and healing animated films are not only the artistic enjoyment of vision, but also the warm healing of the soul. As a world-renowned animation director, Miyazaki Hayao can always touch the softest place in everyone’s heart with warm brushstrokes, which brings us a little touch. Among them, the works released 30 years ago are not only classic animation works in many people’s minds, but also known as "Ghibli’s pioneering works". On Children’s Day on June 1st this year, the film channel "Movie Life Home" and China Film Connect specially organized and planned the "Miyazaki Hayao Animation Film Appreciation Meeting" in the form of "scheduled screening".

?One-click ticket purchase

"Scheduled screening" is a new mode of viewing created by China Film Co., Ltd. in 2023, which divides the big market into small markets, subdivides and digs deep into vertical areas, and adds differentiated content supply to meet the audience’s viewing needs. Since the establishment of China Film’s scheduled screening, it has continuously created multi-dimensional scheduled cases such as "China Film Dreaming Science Fiction" series.

The "Miyazaki Hayao Animation Film Appreciation Meeting" held this time will not only show Miyazaki Hayao’s classic "City in the Sky" to the audience, but also invite Sun Lijun, vice president of Beijing Film Academy and vice president of Beijing Film Association, international judges of Golden Goblet Awards animation unit and short film unit of the 24th Shanghai International Film Festival, directors and screenwriters of animation films (1-4) to be present, and chat with you about "Miyazaki Hayao" and "animation films".

 

The event will be held in CINITY LED Cinema of China Film International Studios (Cinity Cinema of the Party History Museum). All the audience present will get exclusive snack bags, participate in the interaction, and have the opportunity to get genuine surrounding such as Miyazaki Hayao movie posters, ticket stubs and pass cards, as well as value-added benefits such as China movie card.

 

Activity time: June 1, 2024 (Saturday)

Activity flow:

Admission time: 14:45-15:00

Pre-screening promotion: 15:00-15:15

Film screening: 15:15-17:20

Dialogue after screening: 17:20-17:55

Venue: China Film International Studios (CINITY Cinema of the Party History Museum) [B1M Floor, TiantianZhongyinghui, No.7 Beichen East Road]


Click on the link to participate in this activity!


Click on one-click ticket purchase:https://t.cfc.com.cn/te3rfv 


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How to make the blind representative Wang Yongcheng "visible" when making the Braille reply for the first time?

  "I feel very warm and very moved to receive this Braille version of the representative’s suggested reply. It is a tangible,’ visible’ and heavy answer to our blind people. "
  Recently, at the Fujian Disabled Persons’ Federation, Wang Yongcheng, a representative of the National People’s Congress, received suggestions from representatives in Braille from the Ministry of Education of China, the National Health and Wellness Commission of China, China National Railway Group Co., Ltd. and the China Disabled Persons’ Federation. This is the first time that the NPC deputies have produced a Braille version of the deputies’ suggestions.
  Wang Yongcheng is the only blind representative in the 14th National People’s Congress.
  After his accidental blindness at the age of 19, he overcame many difficulties and gradually became the chief physician of medical massage for the blind. Later, he held a training course on blind massage and founded the Fujian Strait Massage Guidance Center for the Blind. Over the past ten years, he trained more than 6,000 blind masseurs free of charge, and the employment rate reached 98%, which led more blind people to embark on the road of poverty alleviation and self-reliance.
  "I came out of the countryside and knew the sufferings and needs of blind brothers and sisters." Before going to Beijing to attend the first session of the 14th National People’s Congress, Wang Yongcheng visited and investigated everywhere to collect the demands of the disabled groups for equal participation in society and sharing the fruits of development. "Although we can’t see ourselves, we can let more people see us!"
  During the investigation, Wang Yongcheng learned that ordinary textbooks are easy to cause visual fatigue for students with low vision who study in regular classes, which affects the quality of integrated education. "Many parents report that their children can’t keep up, can’t stay and can’t learn well in class."
  To this end, he submitted the "Proposal on Publishing Large Text Textbooks for Students with Low Vision in Regular Classes", calling for meeting the learning needs of students with low vision and speeding up the construction of barrier-free environment.
  In May, the Constitution and Law Committee of the National People’s Congress went to Fujian to investigate the draft law on barrier-free environment construction, and listened to the opinions of representative Wang Yongcheng face to face. In June, the third meeting of the 14th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) was held, and Wang Yongcheng was invited to attend the meeting. On June 28th, the meeting voted to pass the law on barrier-free environment construction. Paragraph 2 of Article 31 of the law stipulates: "The state encourages the compiling and publishing units of teaching materials to compile and publish teaching books in Braille and low-vision versions according to the reality of different educational stages to meet the learning needs of the blind and other visually impaired students." Representative Wang Yongcheng’s suggestion was adopted.
  According to the staff of the Ministry of Education, 13 large-print textbooks have been launched in the autumn semester of 2023. In the next step, the Ministry of Education will continue to promote the development of integrated education with relevant departments to provide more convenience for students with low vision to study in regular classes.
  Regarding the production of the Braille version of the reply, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), on behalf of the relevant person in charge of the Working Committee, introduced that as the production of the Braille version of the reply involves translation, proofreading, auditing, printing and other work, the requirements are high, the procedures are strict, and the time is tight. On behalf of the Working Committee, he has always maintained close communication with the relevant contractors, and actively contacted China Braille Publishing House to complete the production of the reply as scheduled and accurately in late October.
  "The door-to-door delivery of the reply is to implement the provisions of the Representative Law to provide protection for representatives to perform their duties as representatives, and to ensure that the representatives receive the suggestions in time and understand the handling of the reply." The relevant person in charge of the Working Committee of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC)’s deputies said that this is also the full implementation of the relevant provisions of the Law on the Construction of Barrier-free Environment and the Law on the Protection of Disabled Persons, highlighting the protection and respect for the rights and interests of disabled representatives, and showing special care and concern for disabled representatives.
  Recently, a number of organizers arrived in Fuzhou and submitted a Braille version of the representative’s suggested reply to Wang Yongcheng, a representative of the National People’s Congress. The picture shows Wang Yongcheng reading the Braille version of the suggested reply. Guo Xuan photo
  After receiving the reply, Wang Yongcheng touched Braille, carefully read the reply word by word, and communicated with the relevant organizer on the handling situation.
  "In the beginning, I felt deeply responsible and glorious." Wang Yongcheng admits that from the moment he knew that he would attend the first session of the 14th National People’s Congress, he felt uneasy. "I was afraid that I would not perform my duties well and I was afraid that I would not be able to attend the meeting smoothly." After the meeting, his worries were dispelled.
  As a staff member, his wife accompanied him all the way. When he went to the Great Hall, he was equipped with a special car, barrier-free access and a computer for the blind in the room … In order to facilitate Wang Yongcheng’s performance, during the conference, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) knew his special needs in advance and provided thoughtful and meticulous service guarantee.
  Organize relevant organizers to conduct field research and face-to-face discussions with representatives of Wang Yongcheng; Organize training courses for NPC deputies to help them improve their ability to perform their duties; Absorb and adopt the representative’s suggestions and write them into the law on the construction of barrier-free environment … During the intersessional period, the the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Municipal Working Committee of Representatives continued to provide service guarantee for the representatives to perform their duties, and promoted the representatives’ suggestions to handle the whole process of communication and contact, and supported and guaranteed the representatives to perform their duties "non-stop" according to law.
  During the first session of the 14th National People’s Congress, Wang Yongcheng put forward three deputies’ suggestions; During the intersessional period, one representative proposal was put forward. Four suggestions related to employment for the blind, education, barrier-free environment construction and other issues have been completed.
  "Intimate care and warm service", representative Wang Yongcheng was very satisfied with the handling of the work, and used these eight words to evaluate the proposed handling process.
  "I brought the voices of the most grassroots and most disabled people to the CPC Central Committee and relevant state departments, and the (suggested handling) was smooth and smooth, thanks to the active promotion of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), and of course it was inseparable from the cooperation and support of relevant departments. Institutional guarantee is the most important thing. " He said.
  "Through the handling of the recommendations, the relevant departments will further form a joint force to solve the difficulties and problems encountered in the process of progress, and jointly promote the disabled to receive better education, fuller employment and extensive integration into social life." Zhou Jian, director of the Rights Protection Department of China Disabled Persons’ Federation, said.

  Behind the continuous development of the cause of the disabled is the superiority of the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system. The story of Wang Yongcheng tells the true meaning of people’s democracy in the whole process, interprets the power of the people’s congress system, and writes a new chapter in the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. (Guo Xuan)

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Henan strives to build 20 standardized wisdom islands throughout the year and incubate 200 competitive and innovative enterprises.

  On January 3rd, the Information Office of Henan Provincial Government held a press conference, focusing on the related work of vigorously boosting market confidence and promoting economic stability in Henan Province.

Wechat pictures _20230103093504

  Whether it is to expand investment, promote consumption, cultivate industries and strengthen the main body, it needs to be implemented in real projects, and it needs a high-quality carrier platform as a support to make the elements of development more concentrated and kinetic energy more concentrated. Which carrier platforms will Henan focus on? Ma Jian, Party Secretary and Director of the Development and Reform Commission of Henan Province, answered a reporter’s question at the press conference.

  Strengthen the industrial carrier

  Further play the role of the main position, main battlefield and main engine of economic construction in the development zone.

  At present, the development zones in Henan province have been integrated from 288 to 184, and the key reform tasks such as "three transformations and three systems" and "management Committee+company" have been basically completed. In the future, the focus of work will be shifted to industrial development, and all localities will be urged to focus on the responsibility of owners and go all out to attract investment, projects and services.

  Implement leapfrog development actions. Organize the work promotion meeting of development zones in the whole province, formulate policies and measures to promote the high-quality development of development zones, and carry out the establishment of industrial transformation demonstration development zones.

  Strengthen the "heroes on average". Scientifically and orderly promote the expansion and regulation of development zones, and establish a comprehensive evaluation system of input and output per mu and a differentiated allocation mechanism of resource elements.

  Strengthen monitoring and assessment. Improve the mechanism of monthly monitoring and quarterly notification, and organize observation activities in development zones.

  Be a carrier of precision agriculture

  Further strengthen the agglomeration effect of scientific and technological resources on platforms such as Zhongyuan Agricultural Valley.

  Recently, the provincial development and reform commission focused on the major needs of national seed industry and food security, and planned and laid out the Central Plains agricultural valley in a forward-looking way. Subsequently, the overall plan of "Central Plains Agricultural Valley" and the construction plan of the core area will be implemented as soon as possible, and a number of landmark seed science and technology innovation projects will be implemented to strengthen the dislocation linkage with Zhoukou National Agricultural High-tech Zone and accelerate the construction of 4 million mu of high-standard farmland demonstration zone, which will provide important support for building a solid foundation of a grain-producing province and helping to build an agricultural power.

  Be an excellent and innovative carrier

  Further build a first-class innovation ecosystem.

  Since last year, the provincial party committee and the provincial government have built an innovative carrier platform system with the integration and promotion of the "three-in-one" construction of the Provincial Academy of Sciences, the Central Plains Science and Technology City and the Zhengzhou Center for National Technology Transfer as the leader, supported by provincial laboratories, industrial research institutes, pilot bases and wisdom islands.

  As a development and reform system, the provincial development and reform commission will vigorously promote the construction of standardized wisdom islands, and strive to build 20 all-factor, low-cost, convenient and open wisdom islands throughout the year, and incubate and cultivate 200 competitive and innovative enterprises.

  Open carrier for living

  Further enhance the domestic and international dual-cycle link function of the airport area and the "Aerial Silk Road" international forum.

  The airport area is an important gateway to Henan’s opening to the outside world, and the "Aerial Silk Road" international forum is the only national forum with the theme of "Aerial Silk Road" in China. Henan will focus on the implementation of the institutional opening strategy, adhere to both soft and hard efforts, and jointly empower Henan Province to open to the outside world at a high level.

  On the hard side, it is mainly to further promote the "second venture" of the airport area. High-level preparation of the development plan of the airport port area in the new stage, deepening the expansion of the "double hub" cooperation model between Zhengzhou and Lu, implementing the action of improving the quality and efficiency of air cargo at Zhengzhou Airport, striving for the landing of the second base of China Post Aviation, and starting the construction of Zhengzhou Air Mail Processing Center.

  On the soft side, it is mainly to accelerate the institutionalization and platform development of the "Aerial Silk Road" forum. Explore and hold the International Cooperation Forum on the "Silk Road in the Air" in turn with Luxembourg, strive to become a sub-forum of the national "Belt and Road" international cooperation summit forum, link the Henan, China CIFIT, the overseas CIFIT in Luxembourg and other activities, launch and implement a three-year action plan to deepen cooperation with Europe, and attract a number of key industrial projects in the fields of automobiles, parts and semiconductors.

  "The provincial economic work conference specifically proposed that the port economy should be regarded as the starting point and breakthrough point for the high-quality development of Henan Province this year. We will continue to expand the airport, strengthen the dry port, develop the water port, promote the linkage between the comprehensive bonded zone and bonded logistics center and aviation, railway ports and various functional ports, gather various port-oriented industries with one port and one policy, and strive to achieve double-digit growth in cargo and mail throughput of Zhengzhou Airport, and operate more than 3,000 flights of Zhongyu in China-Europe trains. " Ma Jian said. (Song Xiangle, Wang Yizhen)

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Global news: technology giants drag down US stocks collectively. Musk reveals new progress in brain-computer interface experiments.

  On Tuesday (February 20th), Eastern Time, the first day after the market closed, the three major US stock indexes fell across the board, and the Nasdaq index fell more than 1% in intraday trading, closing at a two-week low. The dismal performance of the heavyweight technology giants and the market’s concern about the risk of the Fed’s potential return to raising interest rates are the main factors that weaken the market.

  At the close, the Dow Jones index fell 0.17% to 38,563.80 points; The S&P 500 index fell 0.60% to 4,975.51 points; The Nasdaq Composite Index fell 0.92% to 15,630.78.

  In terms of US debt, the benchmark 10-year US bond yield closed at 4.275%, and the 2-year US bond yield, which is most sensitive to the Fed’s policy interest rate, closed at 4.613%.

  After the US stock market closes today, the market will welcome the financial report of AI leader NVIDIA, who is also the main contributor to the increase of US stocks this year. According to statistics, NVIDIA contributed a quarter of the increase of the S&P 500 index this year, and its financial report is likely to be a watershed in the trend of US stocks.

  And because of its horrible rise and continuously high valuation, the market has begun to prompt risks. Some analysts believe that even if the company can hand over a slightly stronger than expected financial report, it is difficult to deserve its excessive valuation. Overnight, NVIDIA once fell more than 7% in intraday trading, and eventually it fell more than 4%, dragging down the market.

  Bank of America analysts believe that it is not surprising that NVIDIA’s share price showed a "significant but short-term correction" after the financial report was released, given that investors had previously "blindly pursued artificial intelligence". The correction of the stock may exceed 10%.

  Brent Kochuba, the founder of SpotGamma, thinks that once NVIDIA’s financial report is published, firstly, the implied volatility of the options market will decrease. The decline in implied volatility means that options will become cheaper, which will force market makers to sell some of their stocks to hedge their positions.

  In particular, companies with large bias of call options like NVIDIA will bear greater selling pressure. In addition, due to NVIDIA’s current weight, it will detonate the "thunder" of the current "overheating" of the US stock market, and then cause a wider decline.

  In addition, due to the high inflation in the United States, the market began to worry about the possibility of the Fed returning to raise interest rates. Last Friday, former US Treasury Secretary Summers said, "The possibility that the Fed will raise interest rates next still exists, and the probability may be 15%." More asset managers believe that the possibility is 20%.

  In terms of industry, the first subject of Neuralink, Musk’s brain-computer interface company, is said to have realized the control of computer mouse through ideas. On Tuesday, local time, Musk said on the social media platform: "The patient seems to have fully recovered, without any adverse effects we know, and he can control the mouse. He can move the mouse on the screen just by thinking."

  He also said that the company is currently trying to let patients "press the mouse button as much as possible through their minds", which includes moving the cursor up and down and dragging the box on the screen.

  In terms of AI, Sora’s popularity has not yet fallen, and there is the fastest large-scale model explosion field in history. The AI chip company Groq became popular overnight, and the self-developed LPU speed crushed the NVIDIA GPU. Its text generation speed is faster than blink of an eye. The reasoning scene is 10 times faster than NVIDIA GPU, but the price and power consumption are only one tenth of the latter.

  In addition, with the shortage of uranium supply and rising prices, uranium trading is becoming the hottest category on Wall Street, and both physical uranium and securities products are becoming very crowded. ETF, a uranium miner listed on NYSE, has increased by more than 55% in the past 12 months.

  It is reported that investment banks including Goldman Sachs, McGree and some hedge funds are actively participating in uranium trading. Among them, Goldman Sachs not only involved in physical uranium trading, but also participated in option trading. Some hedge funds are also stepping up their participation in the trading of physical uranium and securities uranium products, which shows that after a decade of downturn after the Fukushima nuclear disaster, uranium trading has once again begun to shine and attract financial institutions to participate.

  [Hot stocks]

  Most large technology stocks fell, with Microsoft down 0.31% and Apple down 0.41%. Google rose by 0.31%. Amazon fell by 1.43%, NVIDIA by 4.35%, Meta by 0.33% and Tesla by 3.10%.

  In terms of Chinese stocks, Nasdaq China Jinlong Index fell 1.33% to 6,005.10 points. Most popular Chinese stocks fell, with Xpeng Motors down 5.46%, JD.COM down 4.09%, Weilai and Pinduoduo down 2.93%, Baidu down 1.47%, Alibaba down 1.04% and LI up 0.57%.

  [global index]

  In the European stock market, the FTSE 100 index in Britain fell slightly by 0.12% to 7719 points. The French CAC40 index rose slightly by 0.34% to 7795 points. Germany DAX index fell slightly by 0.14% to 17,068 points. In Asian stock markets, the Hang Seng Index rose slightly by 0.57% to 16,248 points.

  [foreign exchange commodities]

  The main contract of Brent crude oil closed at $82.56 per barrel, down 1.20%; The main contract of crude oil in the previous period closed at 598.00 yuan per barrel overnight, down 1.01%. Overnight, the Shanghai gold main contract closed up 0.26% to 481.70 yuan per gram.

  [Highlights]

  Wall Street began to face up to the risk of the Fed returning to raising interest rates.

  Last Friday, Lawrence Summers, the former US Treasury Secretary, broke the window and said something that some market participants thought but didn’t want to hear: "The possibility that the Fed will raise interest rates next still exists, and the probability may be 15%." More asset managers believe that the possibility is 20%.

  Musk: The first human subject with brain-computer interface can control the mouse after rehabilitation thinking.

  Musk revealed the latest progress of the first human subject of his brain-computer interface company Neuralink. On February 20th, Elon Musk, CEO of Tesla, revealed in a live broadcast of Spaces on social media platform X that the first human subject of Neuralink "seems to have fully recovered without any adverse reactions as we know. Subjects can move the mouse on the computer screen just by thinking. " Musk also said that Neuralink is now trying to get subjects to click as many mouse buttons as possible.

  Groq, the fastest model bombing field in history, became a hit overnight.

  Its self-developed LPU speed crushes NVIDIA GPU. NVIDIA’s challenger Groq appeared. Abandon GPU and develop LPU. Text generation is faster than blinking. The reasoning scene is 10 times faster than NVIDIA GPU, but the price and power consumption are only one tenth of the latter.

  Microsoft is developing a replacement for the NVIDIA network card.

  Microsoft is developing a new network card to improve the performance of its artificial intelligence chip Maia, and ultimately achieve the purpose of reducing dependence on NVIDIA products. Satya Nadella, CEO of Microsoft, has appointed Pradeep Sindhu, co-founder of Junbo Network, a communications equipment giant, to lead the network card project. The new network card that the Sindhu team aims to build this time is similar to the ConnectX-7 network card in NVIDIA, which is mainly used to improve the traffic speed of the server. According to the report, the development process may take more than one year. If successful, it is expected to shorten the time required for OpenAI to train the model on the Microsoft server and reduce the cost of the training process.

  Apple adjusts the leadership of the supervision team responsible for audio products.

  Apple adjusts the leadership of the audio product supervision team, and Gary Geaves will resign as the team leader and be replaced by Ruchir Davé.

  Uranium becomes the new hot deal on Wall Street.

  With the shortage of uranium supply and rising prices, uranium trading is becoming the hottest category on Wall Street, and both physical uranium and securities products are becoming very crowded. ETF, a uranium miner listed on NYSE, has increased by more than 55% in the past 12 months.

  Us house of representatives sets up AI task force

  On Tuesday (February 20th) local time, Speaker of the US House of Representatives Mike Johnson and Democratic Party leader Hakim jeffries announced that the two parties had formed a special working group to discuss legislation to solve people’s concerns about artificial intelligence (AI).

  Red Sea crisis reshapes global fuel trade pattern, Indian diesel turns to Asia.

  Due to the continuous turmoil in the Red Sea, the increase in freight rates has made it more attractive for transportation companies and commodity traders to export their goods to Asian countries.

  [financial calendar]

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Epidemic prevention and control dereliction of duty! Many people such as the director of Daqing CDC were exempted.

Cctv news(Reporter Li Wenxue): On September 5, the Organization Department of Daqing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China reported that many leading cadres, including the Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, were dismissed due to dereliction of duty in epidemic prevention and control.

According to the report, since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, Wang Fengjing, director of the Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, has failed to implement the epidemic prevention and control policy and has taken the main leadership responsibility; Li Jinbo, deputy head of Saertu District, failed to investigate the risk personnel and took important leadership responsibilities; Song Yongcai, director of the Market Supervision Administration Bureau of the High-tech Zone Management Committee, failed to supervise the prevention and control of the epidemic situation in the farmer’s market and took the main leadership responsibility; Wang Xibao, director of the Natural Resources and Construction Administration Bureau of the High-tech Zone Management Committee, is responsible for the poor management of community closure and control; Chen Yongfang, secretary of the Party Working Committee of Liming Street in High-tech Zone, did not implement the epidemic prevention and control measures in place, resulting in the risk of epidemic spread in the community under his jurisdiction and taking direct responsibility; Wang Hongbo, director of the market supervision administration of Saertu District and secretary of the party group, organized the farmers’ market to implement the epidemic prevention and control measures, and took the main leadership responsibility; Ma Zhen, vice president of Rand School, failed to investigate the risk personnel and took the main leadership responsibility; Xiao Guangyi, director and party secretary of Longfeng District Market Supervision Administration, organized the farmer’s market to implement the epidemic prevention and control measures, and took the main leadership responsibility; Ning Feng, the full-time deputy secretary of the Party Working Committee of the High-tech Zone, as the chief commander of the district epidemic prevention and control headquarters, failed to perform his duties and took the leadership responsibility; Wang Shixin, deputy director of the High-tech Zone Management Committee and member of the Party Working Committee, failed to supervise the epidemic prevention and control work in the farmer’s market and assumed important leadership responsibilities; Wang Weihua, deputy director of the High-tech Zone Management Committee and member of the Party Working Committee, is ineffective in the management of community closure and control and bears important leadership responsibilities; Zhao Wen, deputy director of the High-tech Zone Management Committee and member of the Party Working Committee, bears the leadership responsibility for failing to transport the isolated personnel in time;Zhang Jiawei, member of the Standing Committee of Sarthou District Committee and secretary of the Political and Legal Committee, bears an important leadership responsibility for the ineffective management of personnel in the temporary control area, the lax control of the control area, the false control of business premises and the lack of management of mobile vendors; Miao Lulu, deputy head of Longfeng District, is responsible for failing to transport the isolated personnel in time.

After research by the Standing Committee of the Municipal Party Committee, Wang Fengjing was removed from the post of director of CDC, Li Jinbo was removed from the post of deputy head of Sartu District, Song Yongcai was removed from the post of director of Market Supervision Administration of High-tech Zone Management Committee, and Wang Xibao was removed from the post of director of Natural Resources and Construction Administration of High-tech Zone Management Committee.

It is suggested that the Party Working Committee of High-tech Zone should be relieved of the post of Secretary of the Party Working Committee of Liming Street in Chen Yongfang High-tech Zone.

It is suggested that Sarthou District Committee should remove the post of Director and Party Secretary of the Market Supervision Administration Bureau of Saertu District, Wang Hongbo, and remove the post of Vice President of Ma Lande School.

It is suggested that the Longfeng District Committee be relieved of the post of director and party secretary of Xiao Guangyi Longfeng District Market Supervision Administration.

Ning Feng, full-time deputy secretary of the Party Working Committee of High-tech Zone, Wang Shixin, Wang Weihua and Zhao Wen, deputy directors and members of the Party Working Committee of High-tech Zone, Zhang Jiawei, member of the Standing Committee of Sarthou District Committee and secretary of the Political and Legal Committee, and Miao Lulu, deputy head of Longfeng District, were given informed criticism.

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Creative long picture | General Secretary is deeply concerned about people on the snowy plateau.

  Tibet is cold and oxygen-deficient, and the environment is hard. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader is deeply concerned about people living in this land. In July, 2021, when the Supreme Leader visited Tibet, he emphasized that to promote the high-quality development of Tibet, we should insist that all development should be given the meaning of national unity and progress, improve people’s livelihood and unite people’s hearts, and be conducive to enhancing the sense of acquisition, happiness and security of the people of all ethnic groups.

  People of all ethnic groups in Tibet bear in mind the earnest entrustment of the General Secretary, unite as one, forge ahead, and jointly paint a picture of high-quality development of Tibet’s economic prosperity and social stability.

↓↓↓Click on the picture↓↓↓


  Chief planner: Ren Weidong

  Chief producer: Xu Zhuangzhi

  Producer: Chu Guoqiang, Chang Ailing

  Planning: Qi Huijie, Zhou Ning and Ling Wei’s family

  Producer: Hu Guoxiang, Zhai Yongguan

  Final review: Zhang Shuqi Kang Lilin Jiang Chen.

  Reporter: Qiu Xingxiang Li Jian

  Design: Nie Yi

  Editor: Chen Qian Nie Yi

  Technical support: He Liu

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Complete solution of basic knowledge of ASIC chip

[[417606]]

This article is reproduced from WeChat WeChat official account’s "Intelligent Computing Core World" by Hao Zi. Reprint this article, please contact WeChat official account of Intelligent Computing Core World.

ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) chip is an application-specific integrated circuit, which is designed and manufactured from the root level according to the user’s demand for a specific electronic system. Its computing power and efficiency can be customized according to the algorithm needs, and it is the product of fixed algorithm optimization design. ASIC chip module can be widely used in intelligent terminals such as artificial intelligence equipment, virtual currency mining equipment, consumable printing equipment and military defense equipment.

On the hardware level, ASIC chip is composed of basic silicon material, gallium phosphide, gallium arsenide, gallium nitride and other materials. On the physical structure level, ASIC chip module is made up of IP cores such as plug-in storage unit, power manager, audio picture processor and network circuit. The same chip module can carry one or several ASIC chips with the same or different functions to meet one or more specific requirements.

(1) ASIC chips can be divided into fully customized ASIC chips, semi-customized ASIC chips and programmable ASIC chips according to different customization degrees.

Fully customized ASIC chip is one of the chips with the highest degree of customization. R&D personnel design logic units with different functions based on different circuit structures, and build analog circuits, storage units and mechanical structures on the chip board. The logic units are connected by masks, and the mask of ASIC chip is also highly customized.

The design cost of fully customized ASIC chips is high, and the average design time per chip module exceeds 9 weeks. This kind of chip is usually used for advanced applications.

Compared with semi-customized ASIC chips, fully customized ASIC chips perform well in performance and power consumption. For the same function, under the premise of the same process, the average computing power output of fully customized ASIC chip is about 8 times that of semi-customized ASIC chip, and the performance of fully customized ASIC chip with 24 nm process is better than that of semi-customized ASIC chip with 5 nm process.

Most of the logic units that make up the semi-custom ASIC chip are taken from the standard logic unit library, and some of them are customized according to specific requirements. Compared with fully customized ASIC chips, the design cost is lower and the flexibility is higher.

Semi-custom ASIC chips can be subdivided into gate array chips and standard cell chips according to the different matching modes of standard logic cells and custom logic cells.

A, gate array chip

Gate array ASIC chip includes channel gate array, channel-free gate array and structured gate array. In the gate array ASIC chip structure, the predetermined transistor position on the silicon wafer cannot be changed, and designers often adjust the interconnection structure of logic units by changing the metal layer at the bottom of the chip.

Channel gate array ASIC chip: the position of transistors in this chip is highly fixed, and designers can lay out the circuit in the predefined blank space between transistor rows;

Channel-free gate array ASIC chip: under the channel-free structure, there is no circuit layout space between transistor rows, and designers usually wire above the gate array unit;

Structured gate array ASIC chip: This structure includes basic gate array rows and embedded blocks. Embedding blocks can improve the flexibility of circuit layout, but it limits the chip size. Under this structure, the use efficiency of line layout area is higher, the design cost is lower and the turnaround time is shorter.

B, standard unit

This kind of ASIC chip consists of logic cells selected from the standard cell library. Designers can arrange standard cells by themselves according to the algorithm requirements. In addition to standard cells, fixed blocks such as microcontrollers and microprocessors can also be used for standard cell ASIC chip architecture.

Broadly speaking, programmable ASIC chips can be divided into FPGA chips and PLD chips. In the actual production process, the number of research institutions and enterprises that classify FPGA chips as different from ASIC chips is increasing, so this report only regards PLD(Programmable Logic Device) as a subcategory of programmable ASIC chips.

PLD, also known as programmable logic device, structurally includes basic logic cell matrix, flip-flop, latch, etc., and its interconnection part exists as a single module. Designers program PLD to meet the needs of some customized applications.

(2) ASIC chips can be classified into TPU chips, BPU chips and NPU chips according to different terminal functions.

① TPU is a tensor processor, which is specially used for machine learning. For example, Google developed in May 2016.

The programmable AI accelerator of Tensorflow platform, its internal instruction set can run when Tensorflow program changes or updates the algorithm.

② BPU is a brain processor, which is an embedded artificial intelligence processor architecture proposed by Horizon Technology.

③ NPU is a neural network processor, which simulates human neurons and synapses at the circuit level, and directly processes large-scale electronic neurons and synapses data with a deep learning instruction set.

Traditional chips, such as CPU, generate results by reading and executing external program code instructions. Relatively speaking, ASIC chips read original input data signals and directly generate output signals after internal logic circuit operations.

(1) Advantages:

Compared with CPU, GPU, FPGA and other types of chips, ASIC chips have multiple advantages in the application of special systems, which are embodied in the following aspects.

① Area advantage: ASIC chips are designed to avoid redundant logic units, processing units, registers, storage units and other architectures, and are constructed in the form of pure digital logic circuits, which is conducive to reducing the chip area. For small area chips, wafers with the same specifications can be cut into more chips, which is helpful for enterprises to reduce wafer costs.

② Energy consumption advantage: ASIC chips consume less energy per computing power than CPU, GPU and FPGA. For example, GPU consumes about 0.4 watts of power per computing power, while ASIC consumes about 0.2 watts of power per computing power, which can better meet the energy consumption restrictions of new smart home appliances.

③ Integration advantages: Due to the customized design, ASIC chip system, circuit and process are highly integrated, which helps customers to obtain high-performance integrated circuits.

④ Price advantage: Due to the characteristics of small size, high running speed and low power consumption, the price of ASIC chips is much lower than that of CPU, GPU and FPGA chips. At present, the average price of ASIC chips in the global market is about $3, and if it reaches mass production scale in the long run, the price of ASIC chips is expected to continue to decline.

(2) Disadvantages:

① ASIC chips have a high degree of customization, long design and development cycle, and the finished products need physical design and reliability verification, so the time to market is slow.

② ASIC chips are highly dependent on algorithms. The high-speed updating iteration of artificial intelligence algorithm leads to the high frequency of ASIC chip updating.

③ Because ASIC chips are highly customized and the research and development cycle is relatively long, the risk of ASIC products being eliminated by the market is expanded.

① Google launched TPU in 2016. Google’s 2017 version of AlphaGo physical processor is embedded with four TPU’s, which can support Google cloud TPU platform and machine learning supercomputer.

② In August 2014, IBM introduced the second generation TrueNorth chip with a manufacturing process of 28 nm by simulating the brain structure, which can be applied to real-time video processing.

③ Intel introduced Xeon series ASIC chips in 2017. This series of chips can act as processors independently, without additional host processors and auxiliary processors, and can be applied to machine deep learning.

④ The ASIC chip based on the new neuromorphological computing architecture introduced by Stanford University is 9,000 times faster than ordinary computers, and can simulate about 1 million brain neurons and billions of synaptic connections.

⑤ Emerging science and technology enterprises expand the application of ASIC chips to security, assisted driving, traditional household appliances, smart medical care and other fields.

The basis for the continuous growth of sales scale of ASIC chip products in China includes but is not limited to the following factors:

① Edge computing field will become the main revenue field of special deep learning ASIC chips.

② Consumer electronic products such as mobile communication devices, head-mounted display devices (AR, VR, MR), tablet computers, drones, smart home devices, etc. will become the concentrated application fields of ASIC chip products.

③ Deep learning processors based on graphics architecture are popular, and ASIC is more suitable for computing environment with graphics architecture.

④ It is predicted that around 2022, artificial intelligence terminal equipment capable of training and reasoning at the same time will become more popular, and ASIC chips will be imported into such equipment in large quantities.

Reference source: China ASIC chip industry boutique report.

 

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Britain announces further sanctions against Russia

  On September 30, local time, the British government website released a message saying that the British Foreign Office announced a new ban on the export of services and commodities on the same day for the vulnerable sectors of the Russian economy.

  The news said that Britain is keeping pace with international partners and targeting key areas of the Russian economy. The new measures will put economic pressure on Russia by targeting vulnerable sectors and destroying key supply chains.

  According to the news, on the basis of previous actions, Britain will prevent Russia from using IT consulting services, construction services, engineering services, advertising services and transactional legal consulting services. Britain also imposed sanctions on Elvira Nabiullina, governor of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, and banned the export of nearly 700 kinds of goods to Russia. (Headquarters reporter Kang Yudong Chen Lincong)