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The golden monkey thing

 

Author/Gu Qingsheng Photography/Yang Jingyuan

 

Drawing/Sun Yuanyuan Executive/Tang Jianhua

 

Survival of the fittest

 

Shennongjia golden monkey belongs to the primate monkey family, a subspecies of Sichuan golden monkey, which is the easternmost branch of golden monkey population distributed in Sichuan, Hubei, Guizhou and Yunnan. Shennongjia is the first peak in Central China, and the Shennongding is as high as 3,100 meters above sea level. The main living area of Shennongjia golden monkey is the alpine zone with an altitude of 2,200 to 2,400 meters. The extreme low temperature in Shennongjia high altitude area can reach -40℃, and the usual low temperature in winter is -15℃ to -20℃. Winter begins in November every year, and spring does not begin until April next year. Every winter is a severe test for Shennongjia golden monkey.

 

Perhaps it is the living environment that shapes the Shennongjia golden monkey. The pregnant period of Shennongjia golden monkey is autumn every year. After pregnancy in July, the baby monkey is born in April of the following year. When the baby monkey is born, the abundant food in spring ensures that the female monkey has enough milk to feed the baby monkey. By the time the winter of the new year comes, the young monkey has grown to seven or eight months and has enough ability to resist the cold in winter.

 

 

Golden Monkey’s "Forest Republican Alliance"

 

The golden monkey is a human cousin. It belongs to the primate, has a fairly strict social structure, is similar to the ancient tribes of human beings, has a unique code of conduct, language system and recipes, and migrates and inhabits in the selected circular circle. In this high-altitude virgin forest and virgin sub-forest, there are eight groups, that is, eight golden monkey tribes. There are no elders or chiefs in these tribes, that is to say, there is no monkey king in the golden monkey group. Now it seems that the social system of Shennongjia golden monkey is a forest-type Republican alliance.

 

The golden monkey family is polygamous, the youngest family is monogamous, and the members of the extended family can reach 20 monkeys. The law of the jungle is still the law of the golden monkey population. Parents don’t have life tenure. Male monkeys in the all-male unit can challenge their parents every July. The winner replaces the parents, and the defeated parents become solitary monkeys or go to the all-male unit.

 

 

Judging from the birth of a new family of golden monkey population in Dalongtan, the male monkey has a new way to set up a family, that is, to pursue the female monkey who leaves the family. If the female monkey is pleased and willing to be with the male monkey, a new family will be announced. However, there is still a trial period here, which is equal to the cohabitation stage, and it is not a formal marriage. If the male monkey shows poor strength, the male monkey is repeatedly chased by other males in love, or always takes the disadvantage when choosing foraging and habitat, the female monkey will resolutely choose to leave.

 

All the males of a population who are not parents enter the all-male unit. All-male unit means that this unit is all male monkeys, and it is also a paramilitary organization, which is responsible for standing guard, guarding, organizing migration, reconnaissance and guarding the female monkeys leading the young monkeys during migration.

 

 

In the golden monkey tribe, the members of the all-male unit have the lowest social status. They must guard the monkeys in the most dangerous places and eat the worst food. Whenever they meet a good food source, they must immediately avoid it as long as the parents of the golden monkey come, and if they leave later, they may get a beating. The habitat of the Andromeda unit is also the worst. The good habitat is often occupied by large families, and the worse is occupied by small families. The golden monkey of the Andromeda unit can only feed on food sources outside the family. When the enemy comes to invade on the same day, the golden monkey of the all-male unit must go to fight to cover the escape of family members.

 

In fact, every male monkey in the golden monkey must enter the all-male unit. When the Xiao Xiong monkey in the family grows to 3-4 years old, the parents will expel it from the house and let it go to the All-Male Unit. The old male monkey in the All-Male Unit will teach them the skills of fighting and killing, so that they can daily growing up, so that they can resist the enemy outside and compete with their parents inside.

 

 

Unscramble monkey language

 

Yang Jingyuan began to study the golden monkey in 1993 and collected a lot of golden monkey vocabulary. He has been able to use the golden monkey vocabulary to contact the golden monkey. "Eh ………" is most used in migration, which is to determine their respective positions in order to keep the contact between families and tribes. "Eh ………" is also used to show friendliness. When golden monkeys gather together, they will also "Eh ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… "Eh …" Sometimes, it is also used to indicate that there is abundant food here. Please come and have a taste.

 

"blare blare! Woo ga! Hey! " It is the warning language of the Golden Monkey Tribe in Dalongtan, Shennongjia, which is just the opposite of the meaning of "Eh ………", calling the police or warning the newcomers.

 

 

"Woo-hoo ……" needs to be carefully distinguished, and its frequency of use is not as high as that of "Eh ……". It is the little monkey who asks other partners in the forest: Where are you? "Wow … Wow …" This vocabulary is mostly used for adult golden monkeys to greet young monkeys. Whenever young monkeys run away, adult golden monkeys call them like this, hoping that young monkeys will not run out of their sight.

 

Some sub-adult golden monkeys and young monkeys will also make a long "ou…er" sound when they are a little far away from the monkeys, so as to contact the monkeys. The female monkey calls the young monkey, and the young monkey also makes this call when calling its mother. Golden monkeys often make a deep and long "yi…wu" sound when they are foraging and playing with each other. When having fun, young monkeys and sub-adult monkeys often say "wuer-!" Sound, frolicking with each other.

 

 

Male parents play a leading role in the activities of monkeys, and male monkeys send out "ge! ge!” Like a cock’s slight cry, the monkeys are called to move. When they meet other golden monkey tribes, the male monkeys will also send out an urgent and short "ge! ge!” Sound, remind everyone to pay attention to each other, don’t conflict. When the male monkeys in the all-male unit choose a good place to stay at night, they will give out a loud "ge! ge!” Sound, other monkeys have also issued "ye-! ,yiwu-! ,ouer-!” Sound, close to the night.

 

In the golden monkey tribe, golden monkeys also have threats, sadness, joy, surprise, comfort, love and comfort, coquetry and so on. The threat of golden monkeys is generally a roar of "gung-gung-".

 

 

This article is excerpted from the September 2007 issue of Civilization.

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Paparazzi crouched down to shoot gossip, angered neighbor Brock’s daughter and was forced to call the police.

        Recently, sandra bullock, a new actress who became a stimulant in European and American entertainment circles because of her husband’s cheating, obviously can’t get rid of the media, including her neighbors. Because of the conflict with the paparazzi, Brock’s eldest daughter Chandler James had to call the police for mediation.

        Sandra bullock, the new film winner, moved out of her original residence after her husband’s "cheating" incident. Although she was free to walk, her neighbors had to endure the paparazzi waiting outside for gossip every day. On the 20th local time, a neighbor had a conflict with a certain media, and sandra bullock’s eldest daughter, Chandler Brock, had to call the police to settle the dispute. After the police came to mediate, the swearing neighbors walked away with satisfaction. Look, the Brocks will be restless for a while.

Related links:Bullock left home after the arrogant "Little Three" big bed explosion.

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China’s Energy Transformation

  Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, August 29th-the State Council Press Office released a white paper entitled "Energy Transformation in China" on August 29th. The full text is as follows:

  China’s Energy Transformation

  (August 2024)

  People’s Republic of China (PRC)

  the State Council Information Office

  catalogue

  foreword

  First, the road to energy transformation in China in the new era

  (A) energy transformation is the only way

  (2) Unswervingly accelerate energy transformation.

  (C) China has made remarkable achievements in energy transformation and development.

  Second, the background color of green consumption of thick planting energy

  (A) to strengthen energy conservation and carbon reduction system constraints

  (2) Promote energy conservation and efficiency improvement in key areas.

  (C) Cultivate a new mode of green energy consumption

  Third, accelerate the construction of a new energy supply system

  (1) Promote the high-quality development of non-fossil energy.

  (2) Promote the coordinated development of traditional energy and new energy.

  (3) Improve the toughness of the energy system

  Fourth, vigorously develop new energy quality productivity

  (A) improve the energy science and technology innovation system

  (2) Accelerating energy transformation and scientific and technological innovation

  (3) Create a new growth point for upgrading the energy industry

  V. Promoting the modernization of energy governance

  (1) Building a fair, open and effectively competitive energy market.

  (B) to strengthen government guidance and services

  (3) Strengthening the legal protection of energy transformation

  Sixth, help build a community of human destiny.

  (A) China provides new kinetic energy for global green development.

  (2) Promote the "One Belt, One Road" green energy cooperation.

  (3) jointly promote the sustainable development of global energy.

  Concluding remarks

  foreword

  Energy is an important material basis for human survival and development, and the low-carbon development of energy is related to the future of mankind. Since the industrial revolution, the large-scale development and utilization of fossil energy has strongly promoted the progress of human civilization, but it has also caused problems such as resource depletion, climate change and geopolitical conflicts. It has become the consensus of all countries to accelerate the transformation and development of energy, realize the sustainable utilization of energy, continuously improve the well-being of people’s livelihood and provide inexhaustible motive force for the world economy.

  Since the founding of New China 75 years ago, the energy industry has developed rapidly, and China has become the largest energy producer and consumer in the world. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China energy has entered a new stage of high-quality development. In 2014, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put forward a new energy security strategy of "four revolutions and one cooperation" to promote energy consumption revolution, supply revolution, technological revolution, system revolution and strengthen international cooperation in all directions, which pointed out the direction of energy development in the new era and provided fundamental follow-up. Under the guidance of the new strategy of energy security, China has embarked on a road of energy transformation that conforms to the national conditions, the global development trend and the requirements of the times.

  China’s energy transformation is based on high-quality development, accelerating the construction of a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient new energy system, providing a strong energy guarantee for economic and social development, and constantly meeting people’s growing needs for a better life.

  China’s energy transformation focuses on the construction of ecological civilization, accelerating the formation of a new energy consumption model that is economical, efficient, green and inclusive, promoting carbon reduction, pollution reduction and green growth in coordination, and promoting the harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

  China’s energy transformation serves to build a community of human destiny, continuously deepen international cooperation in green energy, actively promote global energy transformation, and join hands with other countries to build a sustainable energy future. China respects developing countries’ independent choice of the transition path in line with national conditions, and promotes energy transformation in a fair, just and orderly manner.

  In order to comprehensively introduce the historic achievements of China’s energy transformation in the past ten years and share the practices of China’s energy transformation, this white paper is issued.

  First, the road to energy transformation in China in the new era

  In today’s world, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation has been further promoted, and green, low-carbon, digital intelligence and sustainable development have become the theme of the times. Countries have different stages of economic development and resource endowments. How to coordinate the safe and stable supply of energy and green and low-carbon transformation is both a common goal and a difficult problem. China put forward a new strategy of energy security, promoted the energy transformation and achieved remarkable results, answered the questions of the world and the times, and showed the rule of China and the responsibility of a big country.

  (A) energy transformation is the only way

  The development and utilization of energy is an important aspect of the interaction between man and nature. Throughout the development history of human society, every major progress of human civilization is often accompanied by the change of energy development and utilization mode and the replacement of main energy.

  After long-term development, China has established an all-round energy supply system of coal, oil, gas, nuclear power, water, wind and light, which provides surging power for sustained and rapid economic and social development. At present, China has embarked on a new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and put forward new requirements for high-quality energy development. China is the largest developing country in the world, but the per capita energy consumption level is not high, industrialization and urbanization have not been completed, and the energy demand will continue to increase in the future. The industrial structure is biased, the energy structure is biased towards coal, and the constraints of resources and environment exist for a long time. To cope with these difficult challenges, it is essential to rely on energy transformation.

  China’s energy transformation, focusing on accelerating the transformation of energy development mode, changing the driving force of energy development, and promoting the replacement of the main energy from fossil energy to non-fossil energy, is an urgent need to break the constraints of resources and environment and achieve the goal of carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions; It is an urgent need to seize the opportunity of a new round of scientific and technological and industrial transformation and accelerate the cultivation of new quality productive forces; It is an urgent need to promote the formation of green production methods and lifestyles and achieve high-quality economic and social development; It is an urgent need to take the initiative to assume the responsibility of a big country and promote the building of a community of human destiny. China promotes energy transformation, not because others ask us to do it, but because we have to do it ourselves; It is not whether you can do it or not, but you must do it.

  (2) Unswervingly accelerate energy transformation.

  In line with the general trend of global energy development, China has unswervingly implemented the new strategy of energy security, focused on promoting the harmonious coexistence between man and nature, creating a new form of human civilization, and promoting the gradual transformation of energy development mode from resource-dependent to innovation-driven, and embarked on a road of energy transformation that conforms to China’s national conditions and meets the requirements of the times. China’s energy transformation adheres to the following principles:

  — — Adhere to the people first. Energy is closely related to people’s lives. China adheres to the people-centered development idea, continuously improves the universal service level of energy in the whole society, provides clean and reliable energy use guarantee to better meet people’s needs for a better life, and constantly enhances people’s sense of acquisition, happiness and security.

  — — Adhere to green and low carbon. Energy transformation is the key to both green mountains and green hills and Jinshan Yinshan. Adhere to the development path of ecological priority, green and low carbon, strive to promote the harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and regard energy transformation as an important goal of economic and social development. Give priority to saving energy resources, implement a comprehensive saving strategy, make full use of one gram of coal, one drop of oil and one degree of electricity, and continuously improve energy utilization efficiency. Guided by green and low carbon, we will vigorously implement renewable energy substitution and accelerate the construction of an energy supply system with non-fossil energy as the main body.

  — — Adhere to the national conditions. The rice bowl of energy must be in our own hands, and we should strengthen our independent energy guarantee ability based on domestic conditions. Adhere to the principle of "establishing before breaking" and overall planning. The gradual withdrawal of traditional energy must be based on the safe and reliable substitution of new energy, strengthen the construction of energy production, supply, storage and marketing system, make up the shortcomings of energy reserve adjustment, give full play to the role of fossil energy as a guarantee, and effectively respond to the challenges of energy security risks.

  — — Adhere to innovation and lead. Innovation is the "golden key" to open the door of energy transformation. Accelerate the implementation of innovation-driven development strategy, strengthen key core technology research, accelerate the innovation of energy technology, industry and business model, promote new energy technology and its related industries to become new growth points to promote industrial upgrading, and cultivate and expand new quality productivity. Deepen the reform of energy marketization, give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, give better play to the role of the government, and stimulate the vitality of various business entities.

  — — Adhere to open cooperation. Promoting sustainable development and coping with climate change are common challenges facing mankind. Adhering to the concept of community of human destiny, we will expand high-level opening-up in the energy field, strengthen international cooperation in energy in all directions, and build a new model of green and low-carbon energy transformation and win-win situation. Deeply participate in the global energy governance reform and promote the establishment of a fair, just, balanced and inclusive global energy governance system.

  (C) China has made remarkable achievements in energy transformation and development.

  In the past ten years, under the guidance of the new strategy of energy security, China has further promoted the transformation of energy production and consumption patterns, comprehensively improved its energy supply guarantee capacity, and achieved a historic breakthrough in energy green and low-carbon development, which effectively guaranteed high-quality economic and social development, better met the people’s growing needs for a better life, and effectively supported the construction of beautiful China.

  China’s energy transformation promotes the development of clean energy into the fast lane. In 2023, the proportion of clean energy consumption reached 26.4%, an increase of 10.9 percentage points compared with 2013, and the proportion of coal consumption decreased by 12.1 percentage points. The total installed power generation capacity reached 2.92 billion kilowatts, of which the installed power generation capacity of clean energy reached 1.7 billion kilowatts, accounting for 58.2% of the total installed power generation capacity. The power generation of clean energy is about 3.8 trillion kWh, accounting for 39.7% of the total power generation, an increase of about 15 percentage points over 2013. In the past ten years, the newly-added clean energy power generation accounts for more than half of the increase in electricity consumption in the whole society, and the "green" content of energy in China has been increasing.

  China’s energy transformation supports high-quality economic and social development. The energy rice bowl is getting stronger and stronger, and the primary energy production capacity has increased by 35% in ten years, which has strongly supported the steady and healthy development of China’s economy. In the past ten years, the investment in fixed assets in the energy sector has accumulated about 39 trillion yuan, which has significantly boosted the investment growth of upstream and downstream industrial chains and related industries. A series of major projects in the energy field have been completed and put into operation, and a complete energy equipment manufacturing industrial chain has been established. Technological innovations in new energy, hydropower, nuclear power, power transmission and transformation, and new energy storage have been accelerated, which has promoted the clean energy industry to grow into a new pillar of the modern industrial system.

  China’s energy transformation ensures people’s needs for a better life. In the past ten years, energy supply and demand have maintained a balance, energy prices have been generally stable, and the energy security of more than 1.4 billion people has been effectively guaranteed. The per capita domestic electricity consumption in China has doubled from about 500 kWh to nearly 1,000 kWh, and the number of natural gas users has reached 560 million, ranking 12th in the World Bank’s global business environment assessment. The energy industry has comprehensively boosted poverty alleviation and rural revitalization. The total investment in rural power grid transformation and upgrading in the central budget exceeds 100 billion yuan, which drives local and enterprises to increase capital investment, and in 2015, the problem of electricity consumption for the population without electricity in the country will be solved historically. The scale of household photovoltaic in rural areas has reached 120 million kilowatts, involving more than 5.5 million farmers, which can increase farmers’ income by 11 billion yuan and create about 2 million jobs every year. Constantly meet the people’s green energy demand. By the end of 2023, the clean heating rate in the northern region was nearly 80%, and the national charging infrastructure increased from less than 100,000 units to nearly 8.6 million units.

  China’s energy transformation and high-level protection of ecological environment have been promoted together. In the past ten years, the average coal consumption of coal-fired power supply has dropped to 303 grams of standard coal/kWh, and the emission level of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides of advanced units is equivalent to the limit value of natural gas generating units. In 2013-2023, energy consumption per unit of GDP decreased by more than 26%. Continue to promote the upgrading of refined oil quality, and the quality of refined oil has reached the world advanced level. The number of coal-fired boilers in China has been reduced by more than 80%, and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and its surrounding areas and Fenwei Plain have basically completed the replacement of loose coal for heating in winter in plain areas. Green intensive development of energy resources has been realized, green development technology has been widely used, and the mine ecological environment has been obviously improved. Popularize the new model of "photovoltaic+"ecological restoration in desert, Gobi, desert and coal mining subsidence area. The average concentration of PM2.5 decreased by 54% and the days of heavy pollution decreased by 83%, which effectively supported the construction of beautiful China.

  China’s energy transformation has made important contributions to global energy transformation and building a clean and beautiful world. In 2023, China’s investment in energy transformation reached US$ 676 billion, making it the largest country in the world. In the past ten years, China has provided high-quality clean energy products and services to the world, continuously intensified scientific and technological innovation, and constantly promoted the rapid iteration of new energy technologies, effectively promoting the global cost of wind power and photovoltaic. China continued to expand its open cooperation, and cooperated with more than 100 countries and regions in green energy projects. A large number of landmark projects such as nuclear power, hydropower and new energy were completed and put into operation one after another. In 2023, the export of wind power photovoltaic products helped other countries to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by about 810 million tons. China’s new energy industry not only enriches the global supply and relieves the global inflationary pressure, but also makes outstanding contributions to the global response to climate change and green transformation.

  Second, the background color of green consumption of thick planting energy

  Green is the background color of ecological civilization. China firmly established and practiced the concept of Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, planned the transformation of development mode from the height of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, made great efforts to change the path dependence on energy resources, and promoted the overall green transformation of economic and social development.

  (A) to strengthen energy conservation and carbon reduction system constraints

  Always adhere to the principle of giving priority to energy conservation, curb unreasonable energy consumption, and make efforts to change the way of resource utilization and improve the efficiency of resource utilization.

  Make good use of energy consumption double control baton. Implementing dual control of energy consumption is an important institutional arrangement for China to accelerate the construction of ecological civilization and promote high-quality development. In order to adapt to the new situation of economic and social development, China takes the decrease of energy consumption intensity as a binding indicator, and promotes the transition to dual control of carbon emissions. In the past ten years, through the adjustment, optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, China has made great efforts to develop energy-saving and carbon-reducing technologies and industries, comprehensively improved energy efficiency, and the energy consumption intensity has continued to decline, saving about 1.4 billion tons of standard coal and reducing carbon dioxide emissions by about 3 billion tons.

  Construct a three-dimensional energy-saving management system. In-depth implementation of "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Energy Conservation Law", "Circular Economy Promotion Law of the People’s Republic of China" and other laws and regulations, establish and improve the system of energy-saving review and energy-saving supervision of fixed assets investment projects, clarify the energy-saving management requirements of key industries and key enterprises, strengthen the energy-saving management of key energy-using units, implement the "leader" system of energy efficiency, and enhance the endogenous motivation of energy conservation and efficiency improvement of each subject. Give play to the leverage of taxation, finance and other policies, and guide the whole society to increase investment in energy conservation and efficiency improvement.

  Innovate market-oriented energy-saving methods. Strengthen the labeling management system of energy efficiency standards, constantly promote the revision of standards in the field of energy conservation, and lead all aspects of energy conservation and efficiency improvement with standards. By the end of 2023, a total of 335 national standards such as energy consumption limits and product energy efficiency have been issued, and energy efficiency labels cover 44 types of energy-using products in five major energy-using fields. Actively promote market-oriented mechanisms such as contract energy management, and promote "one-stop" comprehensive service modes such as energy-saving consultation, diagnosis, design, financing, renovation and trusteeship. In 2023, the total output value of energy-saving service industry exceeded 500 billion yuan, double that of 2013.

  (2) Promote energy conservation and efficiency improvement in key areas.

  Energy-saving and efficiency-improving should be "hard bones". Industry, construction, transportation and public institutions, as the main body of energy consumption in the whole society, are the "basic disks" for energy conservation and efficiency improvement. Through the full implementation of energy-saving standards, the promotion of advanced energy-efficient products and the elimination of backward production capacity, the energy efficiency level in key areas has been continuously improved.

  Dig deep into the energy-saving potential in the industrial field. Industrial enterprises are the top priority of energy conservation and efficiency improvement. We will continue to promote the elimination of backward production capacity and energy-saving technological transformation in the industrial field, actively promote production process innovation, process reengineering and digital intelligent upgrading, and organize key enterprises to improve the refined management level of energy use. In the past ten years, the energy consumption of industrial units above designated size has decreased by more than 36%, and the comprehensive energy consumption of steel, electrolytic aluminum, cement, glass and other unit products has decreased by more than 9% on average.

  Promote green and energy-saving buildings. China is in the largest urbanization process in the world. In order to avoid the high-carbon lock-in effect, China has strengthened the requirements of energy-saving standards for new buildings, steadily promoted the energy-saving renovation of existing buildings, and accelerated the development of buildings with ultra-low energy consumption and near-zero energy consumption. By the end of 2023, the accumulated energy-saving building area reached 32.68 billion square meters, and energy-saving buildings accounted for more than 64% of the existing urban building area, an increase of nearly 30 percentage points compared with 2013, and the accumulated ultra-low energy consumption and near-zero energy consumption buildings exceeded 43.7 million square meters.

  Build a clean and efficient transportation system in all directions. With the development of economy and society, the demand for logistics and travel is increasing, and the energy consumption for transportation will continue to grow. China has accelerated the development of multimodal transport and increased the proportion of railways and waterways in comprehensive transport. Further promote the priority development of urban public transport, build and improve the green travel service system, and promote the application of new energy vehicles in the field of urban passenger transport. Motor vehicle emission standards are in line with the world’s advanced level, and basically eliminate vehicles with national emission standards of three or below. The intensity of transportation energy consumption is declining. In 2023, the comprehensive energy consumption of railway unit transportation workload decreased by about 19% compared with 2013. Vigorously develop the charging infrastructure network and improve the layout and service facilities of hydrogenation and gas filling stations. By the end of 2023, nearly 8.6 million charging infrastructures and more than 450 hydrogen refueling stations had been built.

  Building economical public institutions. Formulate the Regulations on Energy Conservation of Public Institutions, actively carry out the activities of establishing conservation-oriented institutions and conservation-oriented public institutions, promote the implementation of energy-saving technological transformation by contract energy management, promote the electrification of terminal energy consumption of public institutions, advocate green office and green travel, and give priority to purchasing green energy-saving products. By the end of 2023, 90% of government agencies at or above the county level had built conservation-oriented institutions, and 5,114 demonstration units of conservation-oriented public institutions had been established. In 2023, the comprehensive energy consumption per capita of public institutions in China decreased by 20.4% compared with 2013.

  (C) Cultivate a new mode of green energy consumption

  China actively guides the whole society to give priority to the use of green energy, vigorously promotes the fine tradition of the Chinese nation of diligence and thrift, and promotes the change of lifestyle and consumption pattern to a simple, moderate, green, low-carbon, civilized and healthy way.

  Promote the consumption of renewable energy. The implementation of renewable energy power consumption responsibility weight system, set the annual renewable energy power consumption responsibility target for the administrative regions of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government), and monitor and evaluate its completion. Establish a renewable energy green power certificate system, and take the green power certificate as the only certificate for energy users to consume green power and the only proof of environmental attributes. Take green electricity consumption as an important basis and content for evaluating, certifying and labeling green products, encourage the whole society to give priority to using green energy and purchasing green products and services, and encourage qualified enterprises to form a low-carbon and zero-carbon energy consumption model. Both the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics and the 2023 Hangzhou Asian Games will use 100% green electricity.

  Promote electrification and low carbonization of terminal energy. The industrial field focuses on production heating, drying and steam supply, and implements electric energy substitution such as high-temperature heat pump and electric heating to promote the demonstration application of hydrogen production from renewable energy in chemical and metallurgical fields. Solar water heaters and electric cookers are widely used in the construction field, and clean heating in the northern region is actively promoted, and clean low-carbon energy such as electricity, natural gas, biomass, geothermal energy and industrial waste heat is promoted to replace coal-fired heating. In 2023, the clean heating rate in the northern region is nearly 80%. Vigorously promote new energy vehicles in the field of transportation, improve the level of railway electrification, and promote the use of shore power for ships and aircraft to dock. By the end of 2023, the number of new energy vehicles in China exceeded 20.4 million, and the proportion of railway electrification in China reached 73.8%. The electrification rate of terminal energy consumption in the whole society is 28%, and the electrification level has increased by about 7 percentage points in the past ten years.

  Practice a green and low-carbon lifestyle. Energy saving and carbon reduction is a national action that runs through the whole society. China actively advocates the concept of green and low-carbon life, carries out in-depth actions to create a green life, and promotes the people to continuously raise their awareness of saving. Intensify the promotion of green and low-carbon products, organize and carry out thematic publicity activities such as National Ecological Day, National Energy Conservation Publicity Week, National Low-carbon Day and World Environment Day, and fully popularize energy-saving concepts and knowledge. Encourage the public to travel green, giving priority to public transportation, cycling and walking. Organize 109 cities to carry out green travel creation actions, including 97 cities that have passed the assessment, and the proportion of green travel has reached more than 70%.

  Third, accelerate the construction of a new energy supply system

  Based on the basic national conditions and development stages, China has grasped the coordination and balance between new energy and traditional energy, and promoted energy transformation while ensuring reliable energy supply. Vigorously improve the reliable substitution ability of non-fossil energy, give play to the supporting and regulating role of fossil energy, and accelerate the construction of a new multi-clean, safe and resilient energy supply system.

  (1) Promote the high-quality development of non-fossil energy.

  Accelerating the development of non-fossil energy is an inevitable requirement for strengthening the construction of ecological civilization, promoting green and low-carbon economic and social development, and actively and steadily promoting carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, which is the only way to develop green productive forces.

  Promote the rapid development of wind power and photovoltaic power generation. China is rich in wind energy and solar energy resources, and wind power and photovoltaic power generation have become the main force of clean energy. We will promote the construction of large-scale wind power photovoltaic bases in an orderly manner, focusing on Kubuqi, Wulanbuhe, Tengger and Badain Jaran deserts, and plan to build 450 million kilowatts of large-scale wind power photovoltaic base projects. Promote the large-scale cluster development of offshore wind power, with a cumulative installed capacity of 37.28 million kilowatts. Actively promote the development of distributed new energy, carry out the "action of controlling wind in thousands of villages and towns" and "action of mu guang in thousands of households", and promote the new model of "photovoltaic+agriculture" such as complementary agriculture, fishery and animal husbandry, which has opened up a broad space for the development of new energy in rural areas. By the end of 2023, the cumulative installed capacity of wind power and photovoltaic power generation in China reached 441 million kilowatts and 609 million kilowatts respectively, a total increase of 10 times compared with 10 years ago. Among them, the cumulative installed capacity of distributed photovoltaic power generation exceeds 250 million kilowatts, accounting for more than 40% of the total installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation.

  Develop hydropower according to local conditions. Scientifically coordinate hydropower development and ecological protection, and promote the construction of large hydropower bases and the upgrading of large hydropower stations in an orderly manner. By the end of 2023, the installed capacity of conventional hydropower reached 370 million kilowatts. We will steadily promote the green transformation and modernization of small hydropower stations. By the end of 2023, nearly 4,000 small hydropower stations have been transformed and upgraded, and the comprehensive ecological benefits have been significantly improved.

  Actively, safely and orderly develop nuclear power. Nuclear power is a clean energy with high quality and high efficiency. China always regards nuclear safety as the lifeline of nuclear power development, insists on adopting the most advanced technology and the strictest standards to develop nuclear power, and maintains the safe and stable operation of nuclear power units in operation for a long time. The construction of coastal nuclear power projects has been promoted in an orderly manner. The first batch of independent third-generation nuclear power technology "Hualong No.1", which represents "China’s business card", has been put into operation one after another. The demonstration project of "Guohe No.1" is under construction, and the world’s first high-temperature gas-cooled reactor demonstration project of the fourth-generation nuclear power technology commercial power station has been completed and put into operation. Breakthroughs have been made in the comprehensive utilization of nuclear energy such as clean heating and heating, and the application fields of nuclear energy have been further expanded. By the end of 2023, the installed capacity of nuclear power in operation was 56.91 million kilowatts, 3.9 times that of the end of 2013; The total installed capacity under construction is 100.33 million kilowatts.

  Promote the development of biomass energy, geothermal energy and ocean energy. We will promote the diversified development and utilization of biomass energy according to local conditions, and steadily develop biomass power generation in agriculture and forestry, biogas power generation and municipal solid waste incineration power generation. By the end of 2023, the cumulative installed capacity of biomass power generation was 44.14 million kilowatts. Promote clean heating of biomass energy according to local conditions, and develop bio-natural gas by using livestock and poultry breeding waste. Promote and apply clean liquid fuels such as biofuel ethanol and biodiesel in an orderly manner. New breakthroughs have been made in the development of geothermal energy in the middle and deep layers, and a number of central heating projects focusing on geothermal energy have been built. Positive progress has been made in the large-scale utilization of marine energy.

  (2) Promote the coordinated development of traditional energy and new energy.

  Traditional energy and new energy are complementary and substitutive. While vigorously developing new energy, we should also give full play to the role of traditional energy as a support and guarantee, and promote the coordinated development of new energy and traditional energy.

  Promote the clean and efficient development and utilization of coal. Establish a long-term mechanism for green development of coal mines, build safe, intelligent and green modern coal mines, implement comprehensive management of mining areas and ecological environment restoration, and continuously improve the quality of ecological environment. In the past ten years, the washing rate of raw coal, the comprehensive utilization rate of mine water and the land reclamation rate have all increased by more than 10 percentage points. Strengthen the comprehensive management and safe utilization of coal mine gas, and the comprehensive benefits of gas extraction and utilization on safe production, resource utilization and ecological environment protection are constantly emerging. In the past ten years, the backward production capacity of coal-fired power has been eliminated more than 100 million kilowatts. Actively promote the transformation of energy saving and carbon reduction, flexibility transformation and heating transformation of coal-fired power units. By the end of 2023, more than 95% of coal-fired power units have achieved ultra-low emissions, more than 50% of coal-fired power units have deep peak shaving capacity, and pollutant emissions in the power industry have decreased by more than 90%.

  Promote the green transformation and development of oil and gas. The annual output of crude oil is stable at about 200 million tons, and the annual output of natural gas has increased by over 10 billion cubic meters for seven consecutive years. Promote the construction of green oil and gas fields, vigorously promote carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology, and build a "near-zero" emission oil and gas field demonstration zone. We will promote the transformation and upgrading of the petroleum refining and chemical industry, and strengthen the research and development of hydrogen production from renewable energy and the preparation of chemical products from carbon dioxide hydrogenation. Scientific planning, overall and orderly promotion of refined oil quality upgrading, and phased realization of "three consecutive upgrades" from country III to country VI, the quality of refined oil reached the world advanced level, and it took less than 10 years to complete the road of refined oil quality upgrading in developed countries for nearly 30 years.

  Promote the coordinated development of traditional energy and new energy. Promote the transformation of the traditional energy industry into a comprehensive energy system, and steadily implement the integration of scenery, water (storage) and scenery, fire (storage) in resource-rich areas. Construction of new energy power generation projects in coal mine industrial sites, coal mining subsidence areas, idle spaces of power plants, oil and gas mining areas, etc., through the development of offshore wind power to provide green power for oil and gas platforms, and provide clean energy for traditional energy production, development, processing and conversion. Explore the pipeline transportation of hydrogen energy, and build a comprehensive transportation energy service station integrating oil, gas, electricity and hydrogen in traditional gas stations and filling stations.

  (3) Improve the toughness of the energy system

  With the large-scale development of new energy and the change of power load characteristics, the operation of energy power system is facing more uncertainties, so it is urgent to enhance the flexible adjustment ability of the system and continuously improve the safe operation and risk resistance ability of the energy system.

  Strengthen the interconnection of energy pipe networks. In order to strengthen the optimal allocation of resources, China has accelerated the construction of energy network infrastructure that spans the east and west, runs through the north and south, and covers the whole country, so as to enhance the capacity of large-scale long-distance energy transmission. It has formed a trans-provincial and trans-regional transmission pattern of the three major channels of "West-to-East Power Transmission", with a transmission capacity of about 300 million kilowatts, and 20 UHV DC transmission channels have been built. Constantly improve the main grid of regional power grids, and form a power grid pattern with several regional power grids as the main body and effective interconnection between regions. Basically, a "national network" of oil and gas has been formed, and the optimal allocation of oil and gas resources and the level of mutual aid and mutual protection have been significantly improved. By the end of 2023, the total mileage of the national long-distance oil and gas pipeline network was about 190,000 kilometers, including 33,000 kilometers of crude oil pipeline, 33,000 kilometers of refined oil pipeline and 124,000 kilometers of natural gas pipeline.

  Improve the emergency capacity of energy reserves. Further improve the coal reserve system with enterprise reserves as the main body, government reserves as the supplement, and organic combination of product reserves and production capacity reserves. Gradually form an oil reserve system that combines government reserves with enterprise reserves and combines strategic reserves with commercial reserves. Accelerate the construction of a multi-level natural gas storage and peak regulation system in which local governments, gas supply enterprises, pipeline transportation enterprises and town gas enterprises are responsible for their respective responsibilities. In the past ten years, China’s natural gas storage capacity has doubled. Strengthen the energy emergency capacity building, establish a forecasting and early warning mechanism, formulate emergency plans, improve the drill system and emergency dispatch mechanism, and enhance the ability to prevent various emergencies.

  Improve the regulation ability of energy system. In-depth implementation of the flexibility transformation of coal-fired power units, rational distribution of natural gas peak-shaving power stations, speeding up the construction of pumped storage power stations, and promoting the diversified development of new energy storage. By the end of 2023, the installed capacity of thermal power with flexible adjustment capacity was nearly 700 million kilowatts, the installed capacity of pumped storage was 50.94 million kilowatts, the scale of new energy storage was 31.39 million kilowatts/66.87 million kWh, and the average energy storage time was 2.1 hours. Strengthen the complementary ability between networks, and tap the demand-side response ability such as adjustable load and vehicle-network interaction.

  Fourth, vigorously develop new energy quality productivity

  With the rapid progress of global energy green and low-carbon transformation, the trend of "technology is resources" is becoming more and more obvious. Scientific and technological innovation is the core element of accelerating energy transformation and developing new energy productivity. China has implemented the strategy of innovation-driven development, focusing on consolidating and extending advantageous industries, transforming and upgrading traditional industries, accelerating the cultivation of future industries, promoting the coordinated development of the energy industry chain in innovation chain, and constantly increasing the "new" energy content.

  (A) improve the energy science and technology innovation system

  Adhere to innovation as the first driving force, strengthen the top-level design and overall layout of energy science and technology innovation, and accelerate the construction of a collaborative innovation system with enterprises as the main body, market as the guidance, and deep integration of Industry-University-Research.

  Strengthen collaborative innovation of energy science and technology. Focusing on major national projects such as nuclear power, oil and gas, advanced renewable energy technology, energy storage and smart grid, clean and efficient utilization of hydrogen energy and coal, we will formulate and implement energy science and technology innovation plans and strengthen the top-level design of scientific and technological innovation. Establish and improve the R&D innovation platform of the National Key Laboratory in the energy field, the National Engineering Research Center and the National Energy Administration, rely on major energy projects to promote scientific and technological innovation and transformation of achievements, and improve the new demonstration model of major energy technology and equipment coordinated by the central government, enterprises, schools and institutions.

  Stimulate the vitality of innovative subjects. Strengthen the main position of energy enterprises in scientific and technological innovation, promote leading enterprises to take the lead in setting up innovation consortia, and build original technology sources and modern industrial chain chains. We will implement the system of "unveiling the list" and "horse racing" for major scientific and technological projects in the energy field, effectively stimulating the innovation vitality of R&D subjects. Improve the first (set) support policy for energy technology and equipment, and promote the demonstration and application of major technology and equipment. Support innovative enterprises to grow into the birthplace of innovation, improve support policies and public service systems, and promote the full release of enterprise innovation and entrepreneurship potential.

  (2) Accelerating energy transformation and scientific and technological innovation

  Aim at the forefront of energy science and technology in the world, focus on key areas and major needs of energy, strengthen scientific and technological research, vigorously develop new energy technologies and industries, and promote the green transformation and development of traditional energy industries.

  Vigorously develop green energy technology. A complete R&D, design and integrated manufacturing system for wind power and photovoltaic industry chain has been built. The conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells such as high-efficiency crystalline silicon and perovskite has set a new world record for many times, and the conversion efficiency of advanced crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells in mass production exceeds 25%. The maximum stand-alone capacity of onshore wind turbines exceeded 10 MW, and offshore wind turbines with a stand-alone capacity of 18 MW were successfully rolled off the assembly line. The whole industrial chain system of hydropower design, construction and equipment manufacturing leads the world, and the world’s largest hydropower unit with a single unit capacity of 1 million kilowatts has been put into operation in Baihetan Hydropower Station. Fully master the third-generation nuclear power technology of large-scale pressurized water reactors such as "Hualong No.1" and "Guohe No.1" and the fourth-generation nuclear power technology of high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, and start construction of the demonstration project of "Linglong No.1" small-scale pressurized water reactor. Smart grid technology is in the forefront of the world, and landmark projects such as flexible DC transmission have been built. The development of new energy storage and hydrogen energy technologies has been accelerated.

  Improve the clean and efficient utilization level of traditional energy. The coal-fired power industry has promoted the application of ultra-critical coal-fired power generation and deep peak shaving technology, and the environmental protection and energy efficiency indicators have reached the world advanced level. Advanced oil and gas exploration and production technologies such as carbon dioxide flooding, horizontal drilling and shale gas development in the oil and gas field have been industrialized, and deep-sea oil and gas exploration and development technology has made remarkable progress. The world’s first 100,000-ton deep-water semi-submersible production and storage platform "Deep Sea No.1" has been put into operation, which has promoted the green transformation and upgrading of the oil and gas industry.

  (3) Create a new growth point for upgrading the energy industry

  Vigorously promote the deep integration of digital technology and energy industry, give birth to new technologies, new formats and new models, and insert "wings" for the advanced foundation of energy industry and the modernization of industrial chain.

  Promote the transformation and upgrading of energy industry with digital intelligent technology. Accelerate the digital and intelligent upgrading of energy infrastructure, vigorously promote the construction of smart power plants, smart oil and gas fields and smart coal mines, and improve the intelligent level of enterprise decision-making, operating efficiency and service quality. Accelerate the construction of a new type of power system, share all kinds of subject information in the whole chain of source network, realize panoramic perception, global controllability, effective coordination of main distribution network and real-time regulation of various power sources, and improve the allocation efficiency of power resources and the safe operation level of the system. The terminal energy consumption link will speed up the construction of digital energy ecology, build a smart energy city and wireless city (Park), improve the coordinated regulation and intelligent level of energy consumption systems, promote a new smart energy consumption model, and promote the upgrading of green consumption with the digital economy.

  Cultivate new energy formats and new modes. Optimize and integrate the resources of power supply side, power grid side and load side, and build a new supply form with high integration and collaborative interaction between source, grid and storage. Combined with typical application scenarios such as industry, transportation and architecture, smart microgrid will be built according to local conditions to promote local consumption of new energy. Promote the construction of virtual power plants and improve the regulation capacity of power systems. Promote new modes of comprehensive energy services such as natural gas combined cooling, heating and power supply, geothermal energy, distributed new energy, new energy storage and waste heat utilization, and improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy.

  V. Promoting the modernization of energy governance

  The high-quality development of energy needs to vigorously promote the modernization of energy governance and accelerate the formation of a new type of production relationship that is compatible with it. Through deepening reform, improving policies, planning guidance, legal protection and other means, China will give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, better play the role of the government, and create a good development environment for green and low-carbon energy transformation.

  (1) Building a fair, open and effectively competitive energy market.

  We will further promote the reform of energy marketization, speed up the construction of an effective competitive market structure and system, improve the mechanism in which energy prices are mainly determined by the market, strengthen the construction of a unified large market, break through the "obstruction" of the energy market, promote the efficient and smooth operation of the market, and create a stable, fair, transparent and predictable good environment for various business entities.

  Continue to deepen the reform of energy marketization. The situation of unified purchase and marketing of power grid has basically broken down, market competition has been fully introduced in power generation and sales, social capital investment has been introduced in power distribution, and new subjects such as integrated energy service providers, virtual power plants and new energy storage enterprises have flourished. Private enterprises have become the main force in the new energy industry. Private enterprises account for about 60% of the wind turbine manufacturers in China, and most of the photovoltaic equipment manufacturers are private enterprises. The reform of the oil and gas system has been deepened, and the national pipe network company has been established, gradually forming a market pattern of multi-agent and multi-channel supply of upstream oil and gas resources, efficient collection and transportation of the middle unified pipe network and full competition in the downstream sales market.

  Building a unified national energy market. Accelerate the construction of a unified national electricity market system, with efficient cooperation among provinces, regions and provinces, and organic connection between medium and long-term spot and auxiliary service transactions. Set up power trading centers, oil and gas trading centers and coal trading centers, and build an open and transparent energy trading platform with perfect functions. The market-oriented electricity consumption in the whole country increased from 17% in 2016 to 61.4% in 2023. In 2023, the market-oriented electricity consumption of wind power photovoltaic accounted for 47% of the total power generation, which effectively promoted the optimal allocation of power resources and the efficient use of renewable energy.

  Improve the energy price formation mechanism. Deepen the market-oriented reform of energy prices, promote all kinds of power sources to participate in the market in an orderly manner, constantly improve the policy system of new energy on-grid tariffs, and fully liberalize the industrial and commercial sales tariffs. Establish a coal capacity electricity price mechanism to promote the transformation of coal power from basic power supply to supporting regulatory power supply. We will introduce a series of step-by-step electricity price policies for high-energy-consuming industries to promote energy conservation and emission reduction, improve the time-of-use electricity price policy, and guide users to cut peaks and fill valleys and use electricity at wrong peaks. Build a natural monopoly price supervision system with "permitted cost+reasonable income" as the core and equal emphasis on incentives and constraints. Improve the formation mechanism of refined oil prices that flexibly reflects the changes in crude oil prices in the international market and domestic supply and demand situation. Orderly promote the price marketization reform of natural gas gate stations. The medium and long-term coal contract system and the market price formation mechanism have been continuously improved.

  (B) to strengthen government guidance and services

  Accelerate the transformation of government functions, give play to the strategic guiding role of national development planning, strengthen the coordination of macro policies such as finance, taxation, investment and financing, strengthen market supervision, optimize public services, and ensure the organic unity of efficiency and fairness in energy transformation.

  Strengthen planning guidance. Implement the strategy of energy production and consumption revolution, formulate a series of special plans such as medium-and long-term planning, five-year planning and renewable energy development, make overall arrangements for energy green and low-carbon development, and give play to the guiding role of planning in energy transformation, layout of major energy projects, allocation of public resources and investment of social capital. Strengthen the planning connection between energy and ecological environment protection, land and space, and strengthen the element guarantee of green and low-carbon transformation.

  Strengthen policy support. Adapt to the needs of green and low-carbon transformation and improve the standard system related to clean energy. Formulate a guidance catalogue for green and low-carbon transformation industries, and formulate and improve industrial support policies according to the catalogue. Increase support for clean and low-carbon energy projects from central budget investment, local government special bonds and national green development fund. Build a green financial system, guide financial institutions to increase green loans under the principle of marketization and rule of law, and support enterprises to issue green bonds. Optimize the approval and filing process of clean and low-carbon energy projects and simplify the management procedures of distributed energy investment projects.

  Improve the effectiveness of supervision. We will improve the supervision system of natural monopoly links in the energy field and promote the fair opening of power grids and oil and gas pipeline network facilities to third parties without discrimination. We will continue to strengthen supervision over market transactions, price mechanisms, information disclosure, etc., promptly correct behaviors that disrupt market order, and ensure the effective implementation of market rules. We will strengthen supervision over the implementation of major energy plans, policies and projects, and increase supervision over renewable energy consumption protection, the construction and operation of regulated power sources, and the consolidation and upgrading of rural power grids. Innovate the way of energy supervision, establish a new supervision mechanism based on credit, and promote the "internet plus" supervision. Establish and improve power safety supervision systems such as power grid safety risk management and control, power emergency, dam safety and network safety risk management and control to ensure the safe and stable operation of power system and reliable power supply.

  (3) Strengthening the legal protection of energy transformation

  Adhere to scientific legislation, strict law enforcement, and fair justice, give play to the role of the rule of law in ensuring stability, stability, and long-term benefits, and improve the level of legalization of energy governance.

  Improve the legal system. China has established a legal system of energy transformation based on energy conservation law and renewable energy law, supported by clean production promotion law, circular economy promotion law and temporary regulations on carbon emission trading management. Promote the compilation of eco-environmental code, speed up the formulation of energy law, revise renewable energy law and electricity law, further improve the laws and regulations system for promoting green production and consumption, and strengthen the incentive and restraint systems such as saving energy, upgrading the development goals of non-fossil energy, giving priority to the use of renewable energy and promoting green energy consumption.

  Improve the level of administration according to law. We will further promote the construction of a government ruled by law and run the rule of law through the whole process of energy strategy, planning, policy and standard formulation, implementation, supervision and management. In the energy field, we will fully implement the publicity system of administrative law enforcement, the whole process recording system, and the legal review system of major law enforcement decisions, improve the benchmark system of administrative discretion, and strictly regulate fair and civilized law enforcement. Deepen the reform of the administrative reconsideration system, optimize the administrative reconsideration acceptance procedures, evidence rules and trial modes, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises and people in energy production and consumption activities according to law. Carry out in-depth publicity and education on energy law, fully implement the responsibility system of "who enforces the law and popularizes the law", and promote the whole society to consciously fulfill its green consumption obligations.

  Strengthen energy judicial services. Improve the judicial service measures for high-quality energy development in an all-round way, and promote the goal of carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions with fair justice. The Supreme People’s Court has set up an environmental resources court, and there are 2,800 specialized environmental resources courts and organizations in China, which specialize in hearing cases related to the construction of ecological civilization and the rule of law. Issue relevant judicial interpretations and guidance, and clarify the application of law and the guidance of adjudication rules in the trial of cases related to energy transformation.

  Sixth, help build a community of human destiny.

  Maintaining energy security and coping with climate change are common challenges facing the world, and accelerating the development of green and low-carbon energy is a common opportunity for the world. While continuing to promote its own energy transformation, China actively promotes and contributes to the global energy transformation, insists on joint construction and sharing, and seeks global energy sustainable development with other countries, thus contributing to the establishment of a fair, just, balanced and inclusive global energy governance system.

  (A) China provides new kinetic energy for global green development.

  China actively practices the concept of green development, unswervingly promotes the transformation of development mode, and extensively carries out international energy cooperation, thus injecting "China power" into global green development.

  China’s energy green development has become the engine of global energy transformation. Since 2013, China’s newly installed renewable energy accounts for more than 40% of the world’s newly installed renewable energy annually, and in 2023, the newly installed renewable energy accounts for more than half of the world’s newly installed renewable energy. The report "Renewable Energy in 2023" issued by the International Energy Agency (IEA) points out that China is a global leader in the field of renewable energy and the main driving force for the rapid and large-scale growth of global renewable energy. From 2014 to 2023, the proportion of global non-fossil energy consumption increased from 13.6% to 18.5%, of which the incremental contribution rate of non-fossil energy consumption in China was 45.2%.

  China’s new energy industry provides green power for the whole world. Relying on continuous technological innovation, perfect industrial chain supply chain system, full market competition and super-large-scale market advantages, China has achieved rapid development of new energy industry, enriched global supply, eased global inflationary pressure, and made contributions to coping with climate change and enhancing human welfare for all countries in the world. Photovoltaic modules and wind power equipment produced in China have created conditions for renewable energy to be widely and economically utilized in more and more countries. According to the report of the International Renewable Energy Agency, in the past 10 years, the average kilowatt-hour cost of global wind power and photovoltaic power generation projects has decreased by more than 60% and 80% respectively, which is largely attributed to the contribution of China.

  Opening wider to the outside world in China creates new opportunities for deepening international cooperation in clean energy. China continues to create a market-oriented, rule-based and international first-class business environment, actively promotes the liberalization and facilitation of energy trade and investment, and provides opportunities for foreign-funded enterprises to share the dividend of China’s energy transformation. The system of national treatment plus negative list management before entry has been fully implemented, and the access of foreign investment in the energy field except nuclear power plants has been fully liberalized. Introduce a catalogue of industries to encourage foreign investment and increase policy support for foreign investment in clean energy and other fields. The energy investment scale of multinational companies such as General Electric, Bibi and Siemens has increased steadily in China, and foreign-funded projects such as electricite de france offshore wind power project, Shanghai Tesla electric vehicle manufacturing project and Nanjing LG new energy battery project have successively landed in China.

  (2) Promote the "One Belt, One Road" green energy cooperation.

  China adheres to the principle of cooperation, co-construction and sharing, upholds the concept of openness, greenness and honesty, aims at high standards, sustainability and benefiting people’s livelihood, and continues to deepen energy transformation cooperation with other countries under the framework of jointly building the Belt and Road Initiative, making "green" the background of energy cooperation in the Belt and Road Initiative and realizing sustainable development together.

  Continue to promote the "Belt and Road" green energy cooperation. China issued the "Opinions on Promoting the Green Development of the Belt and Road" and other policy documents, and actively expanded cooperation in the field of green energy with countries that jointly built the Belt and Road. In 2021, China announced that it would not build new overseas coal-fired power projects, and green and low-carbon energy has become the focus of China’s national energy cooperation. China has cooperated with more than 100 countries and regions in green energy projects, and a large number of landmark energy projects and "small but beautiful" projects benefiting people’s livelihood have taken root, effectively solving the problems of difficult and expensive electricity consumption in the host country and providing clean, safe and reliable energy supply solutions for the host country.

  Work together to build a high-level energy cooperation platform. China advocates the establishment of "One Belt, One Road" energy partnership, with 33 member countries covering six continents, including Asia and Africa. Six regional energy cooperation platforms, including China-ASEAN, China-Arab League, China-African Union, China-Central and Eastern Europe, China-Central Asia and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Sustainable Energy Center, have been promoted to be effective. Establish a meeting mechanism of energy ministers of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Focus on energy security, energy transformation, energy accessibility and energy sustainable development issues, and contribute to China’s plan for global energy governance reform.

  (3) jointly promote the sustainable development of global energy.

  In recent years, the international situation has become more complicated, and various forms of green barriers have increased, making it more difficult to maintain energy security under the conditions of stable and open global energy industry chain supply chain. Facing the new situation and changes, China, as a responsible developing country, is willing to work with other countries to improve the clean energy industry chain supply chain, share knowledge and experience, work together to promote the green and low-carbon transformation of energy, and make unremitting efforts for the sustainable development of global energy and the building of a community of human destiny.

  — — Work together to deepen pragmatic cooperation in energy transformation. China adheres to open cooperation, mutual benefit and win-win, and actively promotes the implementation of global development initiatives. China is committed to improving the bilateral and multilateral cooperation mechanism in the energy field, strengthening the exchange of energy transformation policies and experiences, promoting green and low-carbon technology cooperation and capacity building, and lighting up the beautiful world with green energy. China opposes the generalization of national security and restricts normal international development cooperation under various pretexts. China is willing to work with the international community to explore new energy sources that will benefit mankind and create a sustainable energy future.

  — — Jointly safeguard the stability and smoothness of the global energy industry chain supply chain. China has always adhered to true multilateralism, opposed any form of unilateralism and trade protectionism, and opposed all forms of "decoupling and chain breaking" and "small courtyard and high wall", and is committed to maintaining the stability and smoothness of the global energy industry chain supply chain. China is willing to strengthen dialogue and communication with other countries, jointly promote the liberalization and facilitation of trade and investment, and jointly build a safe, stable, smooth, efficient, open, inclusive and mutually beneficial global energy industry chain supply chain system. Great powers should pay more attention to the future of the earth and mankind, ensure global energy security, promote green development, maintain market order in a responsible manner, and demonstrate the responsibility and responsibility of great powers.

  — — Work together to improve global energy accessibility. Eliminating poverty is the common responsibility of the international community, and ensuring the supply of energy such as electricity is the basic condition for eliminating poverty and reducing the gap in underdeveloped areas. China has implemented the largest, strongest and most populous poverty alleviation project in human history, and completely eliminated absolute poverty. China is willing to take practical actions with other countries to implement the UN Agenda for Sustainable Development in 2030, help underdeveloped countries and regions to improve their energy supply security capabilities, and support relevant countries to promote the application of clean electricity such as renewable energy, so as to achieve the development goal of "ensuring affordable, reliable and sustainable modern energy for all".

  — — Work together to meet the challenges of global climate change. The earth is the home for human survival, and climate change is a common challenge for all countries. China firmly implements the national strategy of actively responding to climate change, declares peak carbon dioxide emissions’s goal of carbon neutrality, and contributes to the global response to climate change with practical actions. China will join hands with other countries to adhere to the principles of fairness, common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, implement the objectives and tasks of the Paris Agreement, and build a fair and reasonable global climate governance system with win-win cooperation. Developed countries should provide financial, technological and capacity-building support for developing countries to deploy renewable energy, and help developing countries meet the dual challenges of energy supply security and green and low-carbon transformation, and jointly move towards a greener, inclusive and sustainable future.

  Concluding remarks

  Looking back on the past decade, China has unswervingly taken the road of green and low-carbon energy transformation and achieved remarkable results. However, energy transformation is an extensive and profound systematic economic and social change, and it is a long-term strategic task, which needs to strive for progress steadily and make achievements for a long time under the guidance of the new energy security strategy.

  China has formulated a medium-and long-term development plan. By 2035, China will basically realize socialist modernization, with green energy production and consumption widely formed, non-fossil energy will accelerate to the main energy, and the new power system will provide strong support for energy transformation, and the goal of beautiful China will basically be realized. By the middle of this century, China will be fully built into a modern socialist power, a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient new energy system will be fully built, the energy utilization efficiency will reach the advanced level in the world, and non-fossil energy will become the main energy, supporting the goal of carbon neutrality by 2060.

  The earth is the common home of mankind, and a clean and beautiful world with bluer sky, greener mountains and clearer water is the common expectation of the villagers on the earth. To meet the challenge of climate change and realize the sustainable use of energy, it is necessary to accelerate the pace of global energy transformation. This green revolution is related to everyone’s well-being and future generations. All countries should join hands to protect the earth’s homeland on which human beings depend.

  China respects, conforms to and protects nature, always upholds the concept of building a community of human destiny, accelerates the development of green and low-carbon energy, and promotes the establishment of a fair, just, balanced and inclusive global energy governance system. China is willing to work with the international community to discuss energy cooperation plans, jointly address global climate change, jointly promote the harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and jointly build a clean and beautiful earth home.

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Central environmental protection inspector feedback Xinjiang problem: the implementation of groundwater prohibition and restriction is not effective

  BEIJING, Jan. 2 (Xinhua) According to Weibo, the official of the Propaganda and Education Department of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the Eighth Environmental Protection Inspector Group of the Central Committee today gave feedback to the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (including the Corps). The inspector pointed out that Xinjiang is extremely short of water resources, but the requirements for prohibiting and restricting the exploitation of groundwater in the country are not implemented effectively. The atmospheric and water environment problems in some areas of Xinjiang Autonomous Region are outstanding, and some places have problems of damaging the ecological environment.

  From August 11 to September 11, 2017, the Eighth Environmental Protection Inspector Group of the Central Committee conducted environmental protection inspections in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (including Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps) (hereinafter referred to as Xinjiang Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Corps), formed inspection opinions, and gave feedback to Xinjiang Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Corps on January 2, 2018.

  Inspectors believe that since 2013, especially after the Ninth Party Congress of the Autonomous Region, the Party Committee and Government of Xinjiang Autonomous Region and the Party Committee and Corps of Xinjiang Corps have made ecological civilization construction and environmental protection an important part of the overall goal of achieving social stability and long-term stability, resolutely shouldered the political responsibility of ecological civilization construction and made positive progress in ecological environmental protection.

  In March 2017, after the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader explicitly prohibited the "three high" projects from entering Xinjiang, Xinjiang Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Corps resolutely implemented it, organized research on specific measures to prohibit the "three high" projects from entering Xinjiang, and shut down the electrolytic aluminum production capacity built or under construction in violation of laws and regulations. 2.8 million tons; Implement a "one-stroke" examination and approval system for the development of energy and mineral resources, and collect all the examination and approval rights for the development of energy and mineral resources in various cities, which will be uniformly examined and approved by the autonomous region to promote the orderly development and utilization of energy and mineral resources; Revise the environmental protection regulations of Xinjiang Autonomous Region and the environmental protection regulations of coal, oil and gas development. Resolutely promote the rectification of environmental problems in Kalamaili Mountain Nature Reserve, fully restore the original appearance of the core area and buffer area of the reserve, and seriously pursue responsibility and accountability. Xinjiang Corps has integrated the concept of ecological environmental protection into urban planning and construction, and created a number of beautiful military reclamation new cities such as Alar, the first division and Tumushuk, the third division. Demonstration and promotion of thickening plastic film and residual film recycling, and strive to reduce white pollution.

  Xinjiang Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Corps adhere to the policy of "tending mountainous areas, stabilizing deserts and optimizing oases" and vigorously implement key ecological projects such as "preventing and controlling desertification, returning grazing to grassland, protecting natural forests, saving water efficiently in agriculture, and protecting and restoring wetlands", and have achieved good results. Actively promote the key work of environmental protection. Since 2013, it has invested more than 50 billion yuan to implement the comprehensive air pollution control project in Urumqi with "changing coal to gas" as the core, and built 25 new urban sewage treatment facilities, increasing the daily sewage treatment capacity by 707,000 tons. The comprehensive management of the Tarim River basin has been promoted, ending the history that the downstream rivers have been continuously dried up for nearly 30 years, restoring more than 400 square kilometers of water surface and wetlands in taitema lake, and reviving the downstream green corridors. Strengthen the protection of Yili River, Irtysh River and Emin River, and the water quality of the three cross-border rivers has remained excellent for many years.

  Xinjiang Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Corps attach great importance to the central environmental protection inspectors, seriously investigate and deal with environmental cases reported by the masses and make them public. As of October 31, 2017, 2,905 cases reported by the masses transferred by the inspector group have been basically settled, with 2,182 cases ordered to be rectified, 548 cases filed for punishment, a fine of 68.2 million yuan, 1 case filed for investigation, 25 people detained, 163 people interviewed and 1,613 people held accountable. Among them, the Corps completed 583 cases, ordered 457 cases to be rectified, put 79 cases on file for punishment, detained 1 person, interviewed 10 people and held 628 people accountable.

  The inspector pointed out that although the ecological environment protection work in Xinjiang Autonomous Region has made positive progress, in recent years, the economic development has relied too much on the development of energy resources, and the problems of local environmental pollution and ecological destruction are more prominent. There is still a gap between the strength and effect of environmental protection and the requirements of the central authorities and the expectations of the masses. The main problems are:

  First, the ideological understanding needs to be improved, and the implementation of the work is not in place. In some localities and departments, the concept of attaching importance to development and neglecting protection has not changed. They think that Xinjiang is an economically underdeveloped area, and it is the general direction to accelerate development and construction by relying on the advantages of coal, oil, minerals and other resources. It is unrealistic to emphasize environmental protection too much. Some comrades also believe that Xinjiang is vast and sparsely populated, with a large number of deserts and Gobi, a large environmental carrying capacity, a good overall environmental quality, and a little pollution is not easy to appear, which will not have any major impact. It is precisely because of the above ideological problems that some localities and departments have lax requirements and ineffective implementation in promoting environmental protection.

  In terms of eliminating backward production capacity, there are still some production capacities that are required to be eliminated by the state and have not been eliminated on schedule; In the implementation of the national air and water pollution prevention and control action plan, there are cases of relaxing requirements and standards. In particular, some departments have problems of inaction and chaos in environmental protection. The Development and Reform Commission of the Autonomous Region failed to truthfully report the illegal electrolytic aluminum production capacity according to the national requirements, and failed to supervise and inspect the electrolytic aluminum cleaning work, resulting in the completion and commissioning of 800,000 tons of illegal electrolytic aluminum production capacity in east hope and 200,000 tons in Jiarun for nearly two years; The Ministry of Land and Resources approved or extended the mining rights in a large number of nature reserves. In December 2014, it illegally extended the mining rights for the rights protection copper mine of Turpan Jinyuan Mining and Metallurgy Company, forming a 23,000-square-meter mine pit in the nature reserve, and the ecological damage problem was outstanding. In the 2016 annual water resources management assessment, the Water Resources Department evaded the importance and neglected to include two important indicators, such as groundwater consumption.

  Second, the atmospheric and water environment problems in some areas are outstanding. The average concentrations of inhalable particulate matter, fine particulate matter and nitrogen oxides in winter heating period in Urumqi in 2016 increased significantly compared with that in 2014. The pollution of small coal-fired boilers in the built-up area of the city is serious, and the "scattered pollution" enterprises in Midong District, High-tech Zone and Shuimogou District are not completely shut down and rectified. Hedong Veolia has not built phosphorus and nitrogen removal facilities so far, and nearly 100,000 tons of over-standard sewage is discharged into Laolong River every day. Midong District Government and its relevant departments have illegally agreed that Sino-German Fengquan and Hedong Veolia will dump sludge in Beishawo area for a long time, which not only encroaches on and destroys national public welfare forests, but also brings environmental pollution and hidden dangers. Some counties and cities in Changji Prefecture have failed to implement the special emission limit requirements for boilers, and some enterprises have many problems in exceeding the standard. During the heating period in 2016, the average concentration of inhalable particulate matter in changji city and fukang city under their jurisdiction increased significantly compared with the same period in 2014.

  Lake Erik in Karamay City is a pilot lake for ecological environmental protection approved by the autonomous region in 2015. However, the progress of the treatment project included in the pilot project is lagging behind, and nine projects such as sediment dredging and enclosure grazing prohibition have not yet been funded, which seriously affects the improvement of water quality. In the case of nearly doubling the amount of water entering the lake, the water quality of the lake still decreased from Grade V in 2014 to Grade V worse in 2016. Bosten Lake in Bazhou was included in the national pilot project of good lake ecological protection, but the progress of related treatment projects was slow. The sewage treatment plants such as bohu county and Dahekou Scenic Area either exceeded the standard or operated abnormally, and the water quality of the lake did not reach the expected treatment goal. Long-term over-exploitation of groundwater around Chaiwobao Lake in Urumqi has seriously affected the lake’s water replenishment, resulting in a significant reduction in the lake area.

  Third, there are problems that damage the ecological environment in some places. Since 2013, Bozhou Guotou Company has participated in Bo Ai Feng Biological Products Company to illegally dig ditches in the core area of Ebinur Lake National Nature Reserve, catch Artemia and get dividends; Bozhou Water Conservancy Bureau illegally issued a fishing license for Bo Ai Feng Biological Products Company, and charged a value-added protection fee for fishery resources. The recovery and treatment of mine environment is lagging behind. The damaged area of mines with closed pits and small coal mines, sandstone and clay mines closed by policies in the whole region has reached 2165 square kilometers, and only 3.77% of the treated area has been completed so far. The problems of indiscriminate mining and excavation in Aiweiergou of Turpan City and Sulphur Ditch of Changji Prefecture are prominent, and the ecological restoration is seriously lagging behind.

  In addition, Xinjiang is extremely short of water resources, but the requirements for prohibiting and restricting the exploitation of groundwater in the country are not implemented effectively. Midong District of Urumqi was designated as a serious groundwater overexploitation area in February 2016, but as of July 2017, there were still 149 self-provided wells of 91 industrial enterprises in Midong District to exploit groundwater, and a large amount of groundwater was pumped, which led to the decline of groundwater level in this area. After the built-up area of Korla City, Bazhou was designated as a no-mining area for groundwater in September 2014, so far, the no-mining regulations have not been implemented. In 2016, the groundwater level dropped by 2.18 meters compared with that in 2013, posing a great threat to the city’s ecological environment.

  Fourth, the outstanding environmental problems in some places have not been completely solved. There are 19 steel casting enterprises in Midong Chemical Industry Park in Urumqi, 11 of which have no environmental protection procedures and 4 have no pollution control facilities. The Tianshan Industrial Park in Hutubi, Changji Prefecture has not yet built a sewage treatment plant as required, and many enterprises in the park have illegally discharged sewage into the seepage pit of the park for a long time. Wulabo drinking water source is the main surface drinking water source in Urumqi. However, since 2013, the municipal government and its development, reform, planning and other departments have successively approved the location of Wulabo sewage treatment plant and built it in the secondary protection zone of drinking water source, and set up sewage outlets in it, which poses a serious threat to water source safety.

  At the same time, the inspector pointed out that the implementation of the main responsibility of environmental protection in some divisions and cities of Xinjiang Corps is not in place, the management mechanism is still not perfect, and the ecological and environmental problems in some areas are more prominent. The Development and Reform Commission of the Corps did not include the coal mines in Yili Black Bee Nature Reserve in the list of coal production capacity withdrawal from 2016 to 2020; The Committee of Industry and Information Technology has failed to eliminate backward production capacity. Two 50,000-ton/year blue carbon production units of Hami Yile Coking Company should be eliminated by the end of 2012 as required, but they have not been eliminated yet. Land, tourism and other departments still illegally approve hydropower stations, tourism and other projects in nature reserves after 2013; The Forestry Bureau is seriously absent from the daily management of nature reserves, and fails to supervise and stop a large number of illegal and illegal projects in nature reserves.

  Pollution control in some areas is not strong enough. In recent years, a large number of energy and chemical enterprises have been built in Shihezi city, and the problem of regional structural pollution has become increasingly prominent. After 2014, 36 new coal-fired boilers with less than 10 tons of steam per hour will still be built illegally; The pollution problem of a large number of small heating boilers in urban villages in winter is prominent. In 2016, the city’s air quality rate decreased by 5.8% compared with the previous year, and the average concentration of fine particles increased by 30% in the first half of 2017. In recent years, the installed capacity of thermal power and electrolytic aluminum in wujiaqu city increased rapidly, and the coal consumption continued to increase. In 2016, the city’s air quality rate decreased by 10.4% compared with the previous year, and the average concentration of fine particles in the first half of 2017 increased by 12.5% year-on-year. In addition, Mushroom Lake Reservoir mainly receives domestic sewage and industrial wastewater from Shihezi City, but the upgrading and reuse project of municipal sewage treatment plant planned by Shihezi City in 2015 will not be started until the inspector is stationed; The urban sewage collection pipe network is not perfect, and about 60 thousand tons of domestic sewage can not treat the direct discharge environment every day; The reclaimed water reuse facilities in the city chemical new materials industrial park failed to play a role, and about 4000 tons of industrial wastewater were discharged directly into the reservoir every day. It is precisely because of the slow treatment work that the water quality of Moguhu Reservoir has been worse than Grade V since 2013.

  Some outstanding environmental problems have not been solved for a long time. There are many problems in the illegal construction and development of the four provincial nature reserves of Xinjiang Corps. There are 17 hydropower stations in the wetland provincial nature reserve in Kuitun River Basin. Yong ‘anba Wetland Eco-tourism Zone is located in the wetland provincial nature reserve in the middle and lower reaches of the Yarkant River, and has illegally built docks, wooden plank roads and other facilities. Four cotton pulp and viscose fiber enterprises failed to carry out the harmless treatment of pollution storage as required, among which the production wastewater of Alar Fulida Fiber Co., Ltd. was discharged into the pollution storage illegally, causing environmental pollution around.

  Inspectors demanded that Xinjiang Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Corps should thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the thought of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on ecological civilization construction and the important instructions to Xinjiang, resolutely shoulder the political responsibility of ecological civilization construction, firmly establish the concept of green development, closely focus on the overall goal of social stability and long-term stability, strengthen the responsibility of the party and government for environmental protection, and pay close attention to ecological civilization construction and environmental protection. Strengthen the overall coordination of environmental protection between military and civilian areas, focus on solving outstanding environmental problems, and constantly build an ecological security barrier in the northwest. Serious responsibility shall be investigated according to the law and regulations. For the problems found in the inspectors, the relevant departments shall be instructed to further investigate, clarify the responsibilities one by one, and be seriously accountable according to relevant regulations.

  The inspector stressed that Xinjiang Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Corps should study and formulate rectification plans respectively according to the requirements of "Environmental Protection Inspector Plan (Trial)" and submit them to the State Council within 30 working days. The rectification plan and the implementation of rectification should be disclosed to the public in a timely manner in accordance with relevant regulations.

  The inspector group also sorted out the problem of investigating the responsibility for ecological environmental damage found, and handed it over to the Party Committee and Government of Xinjiang Autonomous Region and the Party Committee and Corps of Xinjiang Corps for handling according to relevant regulations.

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Bai Aihua, a paper-binding artist: Creating a Wonderful World with Skillful Hands

As a unique folk culture in China, paper binding has been passed down for more than a thousand years. From generation to generation, the art of paper binding has absorbed a variety of cultural forms and presented a heavy humanistic force.

Bai Aihua, a paper-making artist, is the inheritor of Yuzhong Paper-making, an intangible cultural heritage in Lanzhou. The paper-making skills she inherited from her father Bai Ruhe have brought too many good memories to the lantern viewers. A moth eyebrow draws a smile, a small mouth cuts out a god, and the ecstasy of each character is between a stroke and a cut of white love flowers.

When it comes to the relationship between the White House and the art of paper binding, we should go back to 1939. That year, Bai Ruhe, who was only 16 years old in Baibao Village, Ma Po Township, Yuzhong County, came to Agan Town to be an apprentice under the name of a well-known stone painter. Speaking of this stone painter, the hearts of the descendants of the White House are always full of worship and admiration. It is said that the ancestors of stone painters painted with lanterns, and the reason why the stone family made a name for itself in Lanzhou was that it was praised for tying lanterns for the Suwangfu, and many years later, the lanterns for the Suwangfu had the contribution of the stone family. This craft has been accumulated and passed down from generation to generation by the Shi family, and it has been completed by Master Bai Ruhe.

Bai Ruhe was worshipped by the stone painter at that time. Although he was only a small apprentice, he was diligent and talented, and then he gradually stood out among many apprentices and won the favor of stone painters. In addition, the stone painter’s family was thin, and the old man finally chose to pass on the paper binding skills to Bai Ruhe without reservation. And Bai Aihua is the youngest daughter as white as a lotus. She said that her father taught her very strictly at the beginning, and a little bit of disqualification had to be reinvented. Nowadays, Bai Aihua, as a non-genetic inheritor, has completely inherited his father’s talent and wisdom in this respect.

Although the appearance of the huge lantern group of modern lanterns makes some small lanterns lose their former luster, the ingenuity of traditional craftsmen has its own uniqueness. Take the binding of characters as an example. Eyebrows are just the finishing touch of paper binding works, among which there are many doorways to shine. On the operating platform of Baiaihua, the superior bamboo is neatly processed, and the length, width and thickness are strictly required. Even if the small bamboo joints are finely polished, it is afraid that the appearance will be affected if there is any protrusion in the binding process. Compared with modern paper lanterns, the pigments of traditional lanterns are superior. Minerals such as azurite, azurite and cinnabar can only be used as pigments after careful grinding, and they will not fade easily even if they are placed outside in the wind and sun.

Today, what makes Bai Aihua feel the most beautiful is the Lantern Festival in Yuzhong County in 1992. In that exhibition, her and her father’s tied products won the grand prize, and their vivid shapes attracted many audiences. Two hand-tied lambs actually attracted real sheep with fake ones.

Bai Aihua said that although modern civilization will have an impact on traditional craftsmen, the yellowed paintings will never disappoint the craftsmen who love it. The manuscripts accumulated by craftsmen from generation to generation are a general history of folk customs and deserve to be treasured forever. Regarding how to make the paper-binding skills glow with new vitality in the inheritance, Bai Aihua said that the inheritance should first be passed down with serious skills, and the technological process should not be changed just to please, so the so-called inheritance may not exist. However, we should also make bold innovations in inheritance, which can spark better innovation in generate when it reaches my son’s generation. For me, keeping the skills left by my ancestors completely is the best contribution to the intangible heritage.

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Piloting China | Implementing Healthy China Strategy and Maintaining People’s Health from the Source

CCTV News (news broadcast): People’s health is an important symbol of socialist modernization. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has adhered to the people-centered development thought, put people’s health in a strategic position of giving priority to development, continuously deepened the reform of the medical and health system, and constantly improved the health and wellness system. China’s health and wellness undertakings have moved from "treating diseases as the center" to "taking people’s health as the center", striving to ensure people’s health in an all-round and full-cycle way.

In the Chronic Disease Management Center of Shaxian District General Hospital in Sanming City, Fujian Province, the system is dynamically analyzing and evaluating the health data of hundreds of thousands of residents in the whole district, and carrying out differentiated management according to the condition. Hong Zhengu, a villager in Shankou Village, Gao Qiao Town, was included in the management of chronic diseases three years ago. Due to the unstable blood pressure, Hong Zhengu became the key management object of rural doctors after the system warning. In addition to visiting doctors, he also prescribed diet and exercise.

At present, general hospitals have been established in 11 districts and counties in Sanming, and such chronic disease management centers have been set up to manage and monitor the health of residents, and a health security system for everyone is being built. From the bottom of the medical insurance fund to the accumulated balance of more than 2 billion yuan, in the past ten years, Sanming medical reform refers to the "chronic disease" of the medical system in which the prices of drugs and consumables are artificially high and the medical insurance fund is wasted. By getting rid of the water of raising prices with drugs and squeezing out the price increase, the expenditure on drugs and consumables has been reduced by more than 15.8 billion yuan in ten years. At the same time, the income distribution system of hospitals and doctors has been reformed, the price of medical services has been raised, and the sunshine income of medical staff has been increased.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has always placed people’s health in a strategic position of giving priority to development. In March 2021, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader came to the Shaxian General Hospital of Sanming City to learn about the situation of medical reform and benefiting the people. At that time, in the outpatient hall, Weng Hua, a teacher in Shaxian District, showed the General Secretary his medical insurance account, with a balance of more than 10,000 yuan.

Without national health, there will be no overall well-off society. At the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core made a major decision to "promote the construction of a healthy China", and at the first national health and wellness conference, the national health and wellness work policy in the new era was defined as "changing the focus on treating diseases into the focus on people’s health". From the release of "Healthy China 2030" Planning Outline to the comprehensive deployment of "Implementing Healthy China Strategy" in the report of the 19th National Congress, the top-level design, overall strategy and implementation path of healthy China construction have been continuously clarified.

This decade is a decade in which the reform of China’s medical and health system has continued to deepen and the problem of difficult and expensive medical treatment for the people has been accelerated. Historically, China has completely broken the system of supplementing medicine with medicine, and has continuously promoted the transformation from "taking treatment as the center" to "taking people’s health as the center".

The problem of people’s difficulty in seeing a doctor has been effectively alleviated. The three-tier network of medical and health services covering urban and rural areas has been continuously improved, and 90% families can reach the nearest medical point within 15 minutes.

The problem of expensive medical treatment for the masses has been alleviated. The national list of essential drugs has increased to 685 varieties. The number of people participating in basic medical insurance exceeded 1.36 billion, and the proportion of residents’ personal health expenditure to total health expenditure fell to 27.7%, the lowest level in 20 years.

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Interview | Qin Hao: The role of Tuina is very similar to mine, but it is different but thinks it is mainstream.

On November 25th, 2014, actor Qin Hao (left) attended the Shanghai media meeting of the film Massage. The Paper reporter Yong Kaitu

        Qin Hao, who has been debuting for more than ten years, is probably not as well known as Mr. Qin in Weibo, Yi Nengjing. You can say that Qin Hao is a low-key, a literary man who walks on the edge of the entertainment circle in a free state and stubbornly keeps himself. Little slackers in Green Red, homosexuals in A Night Drunk with Spring Breeze, and nightclub dancers in chongqing blues … They are all one person, but they are not him. An actor has always been just a job for him. I hope that the audience will only remember the role itself and live their lives outside the camera. In fact, Qin Hao, who was nominated by Cannes for three times, never lacked topics, but his persistence and harshness in his bones made him have his own standards for scripts and roles, and even Lou Ye had to promise to exchange terms when he was invited to star in Massage.

        At the 51st Golden Horse Awards, Lou Ye’s Massage won seven nominations and six awards, which made it the biggest winner. As a "royal actor" in Lou Ye, Qin Hao accepted an exclusive interview with a reporter from The Paper (www.thepaper.cn). He said that Sha Fuming is very much like myself, heterogeneous but self-righteous, with ideals but unavoidable vulgarity, struggling and compromising.

The stills of the movie Massage, on the right is Qin Hao.

Confident that standing in the blind can’t tell the truth from the false.

        Finally, Lou Ye’s new film Tuina depicts a portrait of a group of blind people. The blind people in the play have their own "blindness", some are ferocious, some are dull, and some are no different from ordinary people. Among many blind people, Qin Hao’s blindness is the most impressive and tests his acting skills.

        The blindness of the characters performed by Qin Hao is that the eyes are half open and half closed, and the whites of the eyes are slightly turned out, and the eyelids are always in a state of trembling. Because of blindness, and eager to perceive all the troubles in the outside world, Qin Hao’s expression and posture are always in an urgent state of "grabbing his ears" to listen.

        In the early years, when Qin Hao signed a contract with the gold medal agent Wang Jinghua, he made a condition: "As long as it is a film of Lou Ye and Wang Xiaoshuai, no matter whether there is money or not, you must go at any time." This time, when Lou Ye sent an invitation to Qin Hao, Qin Hao hesitated. Qin Hao said that he didn’t want to try the role that he might be "unable to handle" easily, saying that he couldn’t handle it, for one thing, because he hadn’t acted, and for another, he "saw too many failed cases".

        In the process of preparation, Qin Hao himself found many pictures of blind people on the Internet and sent them to Lou Ye. He observed that "the muscles around the eyes of blind people are all dug in because of long-term atrophy." Qin Hao also personally went to some makeup artists to try special makeup, and went to the factory to order special contact lenses as close as possible to the natural muscle state of the blind.

        With a large number of non-professional professional actors who are really blind, Qin Hao admits that this is the place where he is most stressed. "I have always told people that the ones who are most afraid of cooperation are real children, real old people, and extras. Because they are real, and I am acting. So when I was in this play, I set myself a high goal, that is, I was with these really blind people, and the audience couldn’t tell which one was blind and which one was a professional actor. "

        Qin Hao experienced life in a school for the blind and learned massage techniques from a professional massage master. Living with the blind, he found that "people’s speech speed and sense of language are all different when they can’t see." So during that time, Qin Hao closed his eyes and chatted with people around him, feeling the speed and sense of language of the blind.

        Back home from the school for the blind, Qin Hao also insisted on continuing to "experience life" blindfolded. The feeling of being helped at any time and not being sure about the whole world lasted for a day and a half. Qin Hao felt the psychological limit. "That kind of fear, frustration, patience and exhausted irritability are in it. That kind of thing is very complicated. I feel that people who can really accept this reality are stronger than ordinary people. "

        Because it is a group play, the scenes are scattered and must be present, and the actors have spent quite a long time in the crew. Qin Hao said that his greatest motivation is to get along with blind actors and feel strength from them. In getting along with them, Qin Hao realized that treating them normally rather than taking good care of them is the greatest respect. "I get along with them may be different from some others. I don’t regard them as invisible people. In some places, they do show inconvenience and I won’t help them, because they can do it. I don’t want to put them in a place where I need to protect them. I think people are equal. "

Give the character a more humorous tragedy

        In Massage, Qin Hao plays Sha Fuming, the boss of the blind massage center. He is a blind man who is proficient in poetry, speaks a foreign language and likes dancing. To say that he likes dancing, perhaps it should be said that he is sociable. His warm tone and confident expression tell the world that he doesn’t feel any different from others. He met people on blind dates, and Kan Kan talked about "starting classes" at the "tea party" where he met her parents. On the way, he cordially exchanged greetings with passers-by who passed by, as if he could see everyone around him. Until he heard every guest who came to the massage room praise Dr. Du Hong played by Mei Ting as "beautiful as a fairy", he finally said, "I have never felt sorry for myself since I was a child, but at this moment I feel sorry for myself. What is beauty?"

        Qin Hao read the novel Tuina before he made a movie. Before he played the role of Sha Fuming, he had decided to give him more ambitions than the characters in the novel. Compared with the original work, Qin Hao’s Sha Fuming is more humorous, and this humor has an innate tragic temperament. "I told Lou Ye that if I were to play this role, I wanted to play Sha Fuming in my imagination. I wanted to give more play to this role by meeting many people who have the shadow of this character in my life, or some of my personal cognition. This is also one of my creative habits. I need more voice and control over my role. " This is also a quid pro quo for Qin Hao to agree to star in Tuina. Lou Ye promised him to "act as you like, and act as you like".

        "His tragedy is that he thinks he is a great and optimistic person, but what others see is very sad." Qin Hao excavated the similarities between Sha Fuming and him as an ordinary person. However, he thought he was mainstream, had ideals but could not avoid vulgarity, and struggled and compromised.

Those years when I made a lot of money were a waste of time.

        From "Green Red" to "Massage", Qin Hao is the favorite hero of the sixth generation directors, and his name has become a clear footnote of "literary films". Qin Hao has been a person who doesn’t want to waste time since he was in college. When he was in Chinese opera school, he always got the highest score in his class. When his classmates took the drama outside, he carefully prepared the teacher’s homework and made up an "excess" idea to distribute to those students who didn’t have time to prepare their homework because they took the drama outside. "At that time, my classmates called me’ Qin Yimou’ because I had the most fragments."

"chongqing blues" stills

        Qin Hao told reporters that he was in the science experimental class of a key middle school in high school, and no one at home was engaged in performing arts. He just happened to watch TV and saw a special program of "Chinese Opera Homecoming" in his sophomore year, and he was deeply moved and embarked on the present road. "I don’t know this industry, but I know what my favorite actor is. I like Jiang Wen in furong town, so I watched Jiang Wen and Gong Li on TV at that time, and I realized that they had learned such a good performance from this school, so I applied for Chinese opera. "

        Regarding the "label" of "the leading actor in literary films", Qin Hao said that it was not the result of a "choice". "I think it’s more that one aspect of your business is more recognized by everyone. In fact, I am an actor, taking seriously the tasks given to me by every film director and playing this role seriously. Some people like the appearance of "Mystery in a Floating City", while others like the appearance of "A Night Intoxicated by the Spring Breeze". Instead, this choice is in the hands of the audience, who will prefer what you show in a certain role. But for me, I am a so-called’ natural luminous body’. That is, whether you are there or not, I naturally shine there, but which part needs brighter light is the director’s request, and which part I like to see is the audience’s choice. "

"Green Red" stills, Qin Hao on the right.

        Before 2010, Qin Hao kept the work rhythm of one film a year, was critical of the script and only acted what he thought was worthwhile. From the young people in a small town in Green Red to the aloof comrade who exudes charm in A Night Intoxicated by Spring Breeze, the rebellious son in chongqing blues, who is called "the best actor in China" by many people in the industry, has been nominated by Cannes Film Award for three times. Now that Qin Hao thinks about it, the six years of "one year at a time" were the "happiest days" in his life. "Everything I did at that time was for myself. Looking back now, I have told many people that my happiest time is when I play one play a year. At that time, I didn’t earn much money, I wasn’t hungry, and then there was no pressure. I didn’t know how much others paid, nor did I know how much TV dramas paid. I just had a good time filming my things, and I was with these friends every day. Although I heard that a female classmate bought a bag for more than 2,000 yuan and thought it was so expensive, I didn’t care how much they earned. "

        Qin Hao admitted that he had been anxious. "In my bones, my requirements for choosing movies are really strict, but when I really pick them up, I will find that they are not so strict. As I said in Weibo, part of character is’ persistence and compromise’. Many times, I took a lot of choices. I have to say that some of them are for my personal desires, some of them really like this role, some are really human, and some are even very small. For example, I want to learn guitar during this period, and I just need to play guitar in the play. "

        Since 2010, Wang Jinghua, the agent, has taken over Qin Hao’s acting career. Qin Hao’s work is much more than before. In the first year, he made six movies, two TV series and various commercial activities, which also showed him what the so-called "circle" looks like. Qin Hao recalled to reporters, "In those two years, I found that I made a lot of money than before, but none of my works were satisfactory. I felt that I was wasting my time. I knew what I was doing before, and I knew that the level of what I made was there. However, these things that I made in order to earn money were not up to standard, and I couldn’t get them myself. Just to earn more money, I was tired enough. I almost didn’t know who I was, so I followed the wave and I felt very lost. "

Qin Hao and Yi Nengjing walked hand in hand across the red carpet of the Golden Horse Awards.

"Mr. Qin": "It turns out that a relationship can be popular."

        In the last six months, Qin Hao’s exposure has obviously increased, not because of Tuina, but because of her love affair with Yi Nengjing, a female artist in Taiwan Province. Yi Nengjing likes "basking in happiness", and Weibo always praises her "Mr. Qin" with love, and how to bring her full of "positive energy". The 10-year-old age gap, the exposure as a star and the price gap have attracted a lot of attention and controversy for this "newcomer".

        Talking about his feelings, Qin Hao is also very open and aboveboard. Compared with Yi Nengjing’s sweet description of his rescue of her and embarrassing occasions, Qin Hao only smiled faintly. "You can’t pretend at this point. The goodwill at that time was the goodwill of appearance. I know that she is a Taiwan Province artist, but I don’t understand many other aspects. " So at first, Qin Hao didn’t know that Yi Nengjing was so much older than himself, while Yi Nengjing regarded Qin Hao as a "good comrade friend" because of his deeply rooted gay role in "A Night Intoxicated by Spring Breeze". When the distance is getting closer, the two will also have friction caused by regional and cultural differences. "I’m from the northeast. Sometimes when I speak in the way I’m used to, she will think I’m scolding her."

        Despite the friction, the low-key actor proposed to the high-profile "Queen Weibo". Qin Hao said that it was not romantic for him, but that Yi Nengjing had said that he had not been proposed before. "Similarly, on the issue of" being basked in happiness ",Qin Hao didn’t agree, but also said that it was to respect each other’s personality. "I think the happiest thing for two people together is not to restrain each other. She has her personality, and she likes to express it, because she likes to express that she can write books and has other talents. I don’t think I need to hinder or adjust these. I am really the object of her expression, and she has the right! Although sometimes I have a thought in my heart that it is necessary to write, I think about it later. It is not necessary for you in Qin Hao to write. It is necessary for others to write. People are different, but I think we must maintain each other’s personality. "

        Speaking of my job as an actor, there are also many good works that can be taken, but not because the works are familiar. Qin Hao once thought it was "a bit absurd". But now, he said, "this strength has passed." It’s just that he is indignant. "I went to Cannes three times, and I didn’t make headlines to represent China’s movies in grand scenes, but I was always reported because of personal feelings. I don’t talk about right or wrong. This is the loss of culture and I don’t blame anything." Qin Hao joked that one day an interviewed reporter said that he and Yi Nengjing made headlines again, and he asked the other party, "Is that me?" "So this is called red. I always thought that I made a movie and went to Cannes to be called red! I’m sorry, how many people in the world can make such a movie and make people so moved? It turns out that you told me that a relationship can be popular, so I get it. It can’t be absurd, just like some things are not black and white. This is the world, but I must know black and white in my heart and know who I am. "

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Feel the power of Atom. the installed measurement of Huaqing Q1900M motherboard

Huaqing Q1900M details, chip:

Wandering stars

  Configure the standard motherboard ATX 24pin power interface, and some motherboards use DC-IN external adapters for power supply.

Wandering stars

  From left to right, 2+1 USB front connector, 1 CMOS reset connector, 2 SATA 2.0 (3Gb/s hard disk interface), 1 Panel front panel connector and 1 Speaker connector are all marked with characters for easy connection. For HTPC, 2 SATA is just enough, 1 SSD is used as the system, and 1 mechanical hard disk is downloaded or backed up.

Wandering stars

  There is also a HD_Audio front audio connector, a TPM security module connector, an LPT printer port connector, and a COM port connector. The latter three connectors tend to be used in industry. Unfortunately, Huaqing Q1900M does not provide a front USB3.0 interface. If one of TPM, LPT and COM is changed to front USB3.0, I believe it is more practical for consumer players.

Wandering stars

  Winbond 25Q64FWSIG BIOS chip

  Liqi Richtek RT8172A processor power supply management chip

  Dezhou instruments TI 87350D DrMOS integration upper and lower bridge

  Liqi Richtek RT8120B memory power supply management chip

  Ruiyu Realtek ALC622 audio chip

  Ruiyu Realtek 8111GR network chip

  Xintang technology Nuvoton NCT6776D hardware monitoring

  Fan control of xintang technology Nuvoton 3941S

  The main chips and power supply materials, if you search the given models, you will find that the same components often appear in the list of overclocking boards of Huaqing or other brands. Obviously, Huaqing Q1900M has not lowered the grade of materials because of the entry-level positioning of Intel Bay Trail -D desktop.

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Complete solution of basic knowledge of ASIC chip

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This article is reproduced from WeChat WeChat official account’s "Intelligent Computing Core World" by Hao Zi. Reprint this article, please contact WeChat official account of Intelligent Computing Core World.

ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) chip is an application-specific integrated circuit, which is designed and manufactured from the root level according to the user’s demand for a specific electronic system. Its computing power and efficiency can be customized according to the algorithm needs, and it is the product of fixed algorithm optimization design. ASIC chip module can be widely used in intelligent terminals such as artificial intelligence equipment, virtual currency mining equipment, consumable printing equipment and military defense equipment.

On the hardware level, ASIC chip is composed of basic silicon material, gallium phosphide, gallium arsenide, gallium nitride and other materials. On the physical structure level, ASIC chip module is made up of IP cores such as plug-in storage unit, power manager, audio picture processor and network circuit. The same chip module can carry one or several ASIC chips with the same or different functions to meet one or more specific requirements.

(1) ASIC chips can be divided into fully customized ASIC chips, semi-customized ASIC chips and programmable ASIC chips according to different customization degrees.

Fully customized ASIC chip is one of the chips with the highest degree of customization. R&D personnel design logic units with different functions based on different circuit structures, and build analog circuits, storage units and mechanical structures on the chip board. The logic units are connected by masks, and the mask of ASIC chip is also highly customized.

The design cost of fully customized ASIC chips is high, and the average design time per chip module exceeds 9 weeks. This kind of chip is usually used for advanced applications.

Compared with semi-customized ASIC chips, fully customized ASIC chips perform well in performance and power consumption. For the same function, under the premise of the same process, the average computing power output of fully customized ASIC chip is about 8 times that of semi-customized ASIC chip, and the performance of fully customized ASIC chip with 24 nm process is better than that of semi-customized ASIC chip with 5 nm process.

Most of the logic units that make up the semi-custom ASIC chip are taken from the standard logic unit library, and some of them are customized according to specific requirements. Compared with fully customized ASIC chips, the design cost is lower and the flexibility is higher.

Semi-custom ASIC chips can be subdivided into gate array chips and standard cell chips according to the different matching modes of standard logic cells and custom logic cells.

A, gate array chip

Gate array ASIC chip includes channel gate array, channel-free gate array and structured gate array. In the gate array ASIC chip structure, the predetermined transistor position on the silicon wafer cannot be changed, and designers often adjust the interconnection structure of logic units by changing the metal layer at the bottom of the chip.

Channel gate array ASIC chip: the position of transistors in this chip is highly fixed, and designers can lay out the circuit in the predefined blank space between transistor rows;

Channel-free gate array ASIC chip: under the channel-free structure, there is no circuit layout space between transistor rows, and designers usually wire above the gate array unit;

Structured gate array ASIC chip: This structure includes basic gate array rows and embedded blocks. Embedding blocks can improve the flexibility of circuit layout, but it limits the chip size. Under this structure, the use efficiency of line layout area is higher, the design cost is lower and the turnaround time is shorter.

B, standard unit

This kind of ASIC chip consists of logic cells selected from the standard cell library. Designers can arrange standard cells by themselves according to the algorithm requirements. In addition to standard cells, fixed blocks such as microcontrollers and microprocessors can also be used for standard cell ASIC chip architecture.

Broadly speaking, programmable ASIC chips can be divided into FPGA chips and PLD chips. In the actual production process, the number of research institutions and enterprises that classify FPGA chips as different from ASIC chips is increasing, so this report only regards PLD(Programmable Logic Device) as a subcategory of programmable ASIC chips.

PLD, also known as programmable logic device, structurally includes basic logic cell matrix, flip-flop, latch, etc., and its interconnection part exists as a single module. Designers program PLD to meet the needs of some customized applications.

(2) ASIC chips can be classified into TPU chips, BPU chips and NPU chips according to different terminal functions.

① TPU is a tensor processor, which is specially used for machine learning. For example, Google developed in May 2016.

The programmable AI accelerator of Tensorflow platform, its internal instruction set can run when Tensorflow program changes or updates the algorithm.

② BPU is a brain processor, which is an embedded artificial intelligence processor architecture proposed by Horizon Technology.

③ NPU is a neural network processor, which simulates human neurons and synapses at the circuit level, and directly processes large-scale electronic neurons and synapses data with a deep learning instruction set.

Traditional chips, such as CPU, generate results by reading and executing external program code instructions. Relatively speaking, ASIC chips read original input data signals and directly generate output signals after internal logic circuit operations.

(1) Advantages:

Compared with CPU, GPU, FPGA and other types of chips, ASIC chips have multiple advantages in the application of special systems, which are embodied in the following aspects.

① Area advantage: ASIC chips are designed to avoid redundant logic units, processing units, registers, storage units and other architectures, and are constructed in the form of pure digital logic circuits, which is conducive to reducing the chip area. For small area chips, wafers with the same specifications can be cut into more chips, which is helpful for enterprises to reduce wafer costs.

② Energy consumption advantage: ASIC chips consume less energy per computing power than CPU, GPU and FPGA. For example, GPU consumes about 0.4 watts of power per computing power, while ASIC consumes about 0.2 watts of power per computing power, which can better meet the energy consumption restrictions of new smart home appliances.

③ Integration advantages: Due to the customized design, ASIC chip system, circuit and process are highly integrated, which helps customers to obtain high-performance integrated circuits.

④ Price advantage: Due to the characteristics of small size, high running speed and low power consumption, the price of ASIC chips is much lower than that of CPU, GPU and FPGA chips. At present, the average price of ASIC chips in the global market is about $3, and if it reaches mass production scale in the long run, the price of ASIC chips is expected to continue to decline.

(2) Disadvantages:

① ASIC chips have a high degree of customization, long design and development cycle, and the finished products need physical design and reliability verification, so the time to market is slow.

② ASIC chips are highly dependent on algorithms. The high-speed updating iteration of artificial intelligence algorithm leads to the high frequency of ASIC chip updating.

③ Because ASIC chips are highly customized and the research and development cycle is relatively long, the risk of ASIC products being eliminated by the market is expanded.

① Google launched TPU in 2016. Google’s 2017 version of AlphaGo physical processor is embedded with four TPU’s, which can support Google cloud TPU platform and machine learning supercomputer.

② In August 2014, IBM introduced the second generation TrueNorth chip with a manufacturing process of 28 nm by simulating the brain structure, which can be applied to real-time video processing.

③ Intel introduced Xeon series ASIC chips in 2017. This series of chips can act as processors independently, without additional host processors and auxiliary processors, and can be applied to machine deep learning.

④ The ASIC chip based on the new neuromorphological computing architecture introduced by Stanford University is 9,000 times faster than ordinary computers, and can simulate about 1 million brain neurons and billions of synaptic connections.

⑤ Emerging science and technology enterprises expand the application of ASIC chips to security, assisted driving, traditional household appliances, smart medical care and other fields.

The basis for the continuous growth of sales scale of ASIC chip products in China includes but is not limited to the following factors:

① Edge computing field will become the main revenue field of special deep learning ASIC chips.

② Consumer electronic products such as mobile communication devices, head-mounted display devices (AR, VR, MR), tablet computers, drones, smart home devices, etc. will become the concentrated application fields of ASIC chip products.

③ Deep learning processors based on graphics architecture are popular, and ASIC is more suitable for computing environment with graphics architecture.

④ It is predicted that around 2022, artificial intelligence terminal equipment capable of training and reasoning at the same time will become more popular, and ASIC chips will be imported into such equipment in large quantities.

Reference source: China ASIC chip industry boutique report.

 

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Be alert! "Quantum+Life" products are almost all deceptive.

  "Never decide what to do, quantum mechanics", which was originally a joke and ridicule in science fiction and film circles, has now become a "pain" in the hearts of many employees in the quantum industry.

  Experts pointed out that quantum technology has not yet been related to daily necessities. At present, the so-called "quantum+life" products are almost all deceptive things.

  The public should know the latest scientific progress, prevent falling into the trap of online rumors and prevent the second spread of rumors.

  Our reporter Joline.

  The children, dressing the, are flipping through their books quickly. "Read 100,000 words in 5 minutes, and you can completely repeat the content after reading". This special function is printed on the posters of training institutions and becomes an educational way of "developing the potential of the whole brain". Not long ago, this "Quantum Fluctuation Speed Reading" competition video frequently boarded hot search.

  This is just a case of "making money" by using the concept of "quantum".

  In response to this scam, an article in the well-known popular science platform "Mozi Salon" said that no matter how the concept of wave is expanded, the ink on the book does not have the function of radiation and communication, and the wisdom and knowledge carried by the book will not automatically appear in your mind. If you want to improve your reading ability and turn dead words into knowledge in your mind, you can only read more.

  However, the attraction of shortcuts is enormous. The reporter’s investigation found that with the continuous breakthrough of quantum technology in China, the scam of fraud has also been constantly refreshed.

  "Quantum commodity" is omnipotent.

  From low-end quantum water, quantum socks and quantum necklaces to high-end patents and capital market packaging, the quantum concept is being used as a "banner" by many "businessmen" with sensitive sense of smell.

  — — Low stage: "bragging about goods"

  Searching for "quantum" on Taobao, there are hundreds of kinds of "quantum goods": quantum water, quantum necklace, quantum cigarette case, quantum glasses, quantum car film, quantum anti-radiation mobile phone sticker, quantum super porcelain energy bowl & HELIP; … After careful search, there are many quantum health care products, and some even play the concept of "quantum medicine".

  What these goods have in common is that they are "powerful" and expensive. For example, quantum socks can not only "deodorize" but also "increase energy", and the price of a pair is above 30 yuan; A quantum beauty spray that claims to "directly reach the bottom of the skin", priced at 88 yuan; A more expensive "quantum super resonator", with a price tag of more than 1500 yuan, claims to contain a "300-core quantum chip", which can repair the disordered human cell magnetic field by using hundreds of millions of harmonic resonances per second. On the official website of a quantum biotechnology company, it was claimed that a product named "Zhongding Quantum Wine" had been listed, which improved the vibration frequency through quantum technology, thus enhancing the energy of health factors and achieving the efficacy of wine therapy. The company’s goal is to achieve an annual output of 2,000 tons of quantum wine from 2015 to 2020, with an output value of RMB 1.2 billion.

  Some experts have no choice but to say that the so-called quantum water, quantum medicine, quantum fertilizer, etc. are all nouns that fool the public, and have nothing to do with quantum at all, and the academic field that should be pure is hyped up. In order to make these products look more credible, merchants will also superimpose multiple scientific concepts to make it more difficult for consumers to distinguish. For example, quantum resonators are superimposed with many terms such as "negative oxygen ions", "micron electromagnetic waves" and "terahertz".

  Jin Xianmin, a professor at Shanghai Jiaotong University, told the reporter that although there may be many quantum effects in life phenomena, such as biological navigation and photosynthesis, the experiment is very difficult because these phenomena are too macroscopic. "What has not been realized in the laboratory, how can it be popular in the market?" Judging whether a commodity is quantum or not depends on whether it uses quantum coherence and superposition. If it is not used, it is not a quantum product. "

  — — Mid-stage position: "conceptual protection"

  In order to make their absurd remarks look more credible, these companies package their own "routines" very similar, and most of them use "concepts" such as patents, institutions and summits.

  Use "patents". A company that claims to be doing quantum technology introduced this in WeChat official account: When the quantum water processor is installed, the ultra-fine micro-vibration wave is continuously and constantly released and transmitted into the water through the cylinder wall. The decomposition of large water cluster into small single water molecules enhances the activity and solubility of water molecules, so that the human body can better absorb them.

  The company applied for a number of utility model patents to "endorse" the products: a "quantum water pipe" improved the purification efficiency, and the purified tap water reached the standard of drinking water; A kind of "Quantum Super Laundry Paper" can achieve a breakthrough in deep stain removal and give full play to its excellent cleaning effect. A "quantum chip" can achieve higher quantum energy, enhance the penetration of quantum energy, have better therapeutic effect and simple and reasonable structure; A kind of "quantum socks" contains metal fibers engraved with quantum energy. It combines acupoint massage with socks to form a convenient Yongquan acupoint massage energy socks, which can treat many diseases … …

  Backdoor "meeting". On the one hand, sensational articles are published from the media to provoke consumers’ "health anxiety". For example, pushing articles likes to use titles such as "How far is cancer from us" and "Mild fatty liver can also become cancerous directly, and the culprit is here"; On the other hand, by holding offline activities, we can find more institutions to help with awards and platforms, and further enhance our "sense of science and technology".

  The reporter found the "Summit Forum on the Application and Development of Quantum Science and Technology Products", which included experts from China, South Korea, Russia and other countries. The report claimed that "the leaders of the conference and the guests present witnessed the opening ceremony of the DNA quantum energy warehouse, and the experts explained the quantum (bio-wave) course of medicine and traditional Chinese medicine". The quantum warehouse gathered seven kinds of energy (far-infrared electric wave, photon energy, electric wave, electromagnetic wave, bio-wave and magnetic field, also called gravitational wave.

  Rub the "paper" In an article on the popular science platform "Fruit Shell", the author pointed out that in September 2018, the paper "On Quantum Entanglement and Acupuncture" published in China Acupuncture, a core Chinese journal, was popular on the Internet, claiming that "the application of quantum entanglement theory to the mutual treatment of immediate family members in acupuncture clinic has achieved remarkable results", which was seriously questioned. The biomedical literature search engine PubMed shows that this paper has been withdrawn, and the reason given is that "there are some defects in the paper, and the author proposes to withdraw it", and China Knowledge Network has been unable to search.

  — — High-end segment: "capital scam"

  In November 2016, Longai Quantum Industry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Longai Quantum") was incorporated in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province. On the company’s network platform, criminals claim that this is a comprehensive large-scale group company with quantum cutting-edge technology as the core and integrating research and development, application, promotion and service. If you invest in products through the company life mall, you can get points. In fact, "Long Ai Quantum" requires participants to obtain membership by paying fees, and members are arranged in layers according to certain rules, so as to obtain high dynamic and static benefits, lure members to continuously develop offline, and take the number of developers and offline performance as the rebate basis, forming a typical pyramid-shaped MLM membership system. This pyramid scheme case has been cracked. The reporter found from the results of the inquiry from the ruling document network that even though it has been widely exposed, many ordinary consumers are still deceived.

  Not only are there such pyramid schemes, but there are also a few companies that take "quantum" stories in the capital market. Quantum technology is not only difficult to distinguish between authenticity and falsehood for consumers, but also tests judgment for the capital market.

  "I’ve met a project, saying that quantum energy waves enter the human bioelectric field ‘ Quantum resonance ’ To achieve genetic testing. " Wu Yu, general manager of the new manufacturing investment department of Yuexiu Industrial Fund, said that the important function of the capital market is the allocation of resources. Excessive packaging in the capital market by enterprises with pseudo-quantum technology or quantum concept will have a negative effect on the effective investment of capital resources in the process of quantum technology industrialization. The consumer market needs the supervision and management of market regulators, and the regulators of the capital market also need to guide the market resources to distinguish the false from the true and correctly allocate them.

  Quantum application, eliminating the false and preserving the true

  "Never decide what to do, quantum mechanics", which was originally a joke and ridicule in science fiction and film circles, has now become a "pain" in the hearts of many employees in the quantum industry. When the concept is abused, it will not only hurt consumers, but also bring negative word-of-mouth effect to the benign development of the industry.

  — — What are reliable industrial applications?

  The development of quantum technology has a great influence on the progress of human science and technology.

  At present, the research of quantum science and technology is mainly concentrated in the fields of quantum communication, quantum calculation and quantum precision measurement. Experts pointed out that the prospect of quantum technology is very good, but it may take several years to really apply it to people’s lives; In the early years, nucleic acid, nanotechnology, gene therapy, etc., almost every rise of new technology will be hyped by people with ulterior motives, and the methods are similar, mostly making a fuss about daily necessities and medical care. Don’t disturb the market and make this field lose people’s hearts because of these unscientific hype.

  The latest industrial applications based on quantum physics have been very extensive, including atomic clocks (time and length measurement, navigation); Standards based on quantum measurement (resistance, current, etc.); Laser technology (all kinds of measurement, printer, CD player, welding, cutting technology, medical laser, etc.); Semiconductor technology (transistors, chips, etc.), including microscope and communication technology, all include the application of quantum theory.

  In the field of quantum communication, China’s research results are rich and its industrialization level is leading the world. According to the data in the international authoritative patent database DWPI, in the field of quantum communication, the number of patents of the same family published by China’s Keda Guodun, Japan’s Toshiba and Japan Electric Co., Ltd. exceeds 100, ranking in the top three. These regular companies have been deeply involved in the field of quantum communication for many years, and their patent applications are all for the protection of their own technology and strategic layout, which are essentially different from those titled party-type patents such as quantum health water, quantum health shoes and quantum health care instrument, which are crowned as "quantum" and whose essence is hot spots. Everyone should beware of being deceived.

  In the field of quantum communication, typical applications include quantum key distribution and quantum teleportation, and representative products include Keda Guodun and QKD related equipment developed by Anhui Wentian Quantum. In addition, there are quantum VPN, quantum security encryption router and so on.

  In the field of quantum computing, researchers told reporters that although the development of quantum computers has made rapid progress, most of the current quantum computers are in the prototype state, and it will take a long time to achieve them in general quantum computers. It is a difficult process to really develop practical quantum devices.

  In the field of quantum measurement, the representative enterprises in China are Guoyi Quantum, etc. The products provided mainly include core key devices represented by enhanced quantum sensors and scientific instruments and equipment used for analysis and testing.

  — — Don’t let shanzhai affect real innovation.

  Zhu Yannan, the person in charge of Mozi Salon, said that, for example, the quantum water, quantum insoles that suddenly emerged in 2017, and the quantum fluctuation speed reading of the sudden fire in 2019 are actually deceptive.

  Under the wave of the second quantum revolution, scientists are not only doing scientific research, but also trying to do popular science, which is "competitive" with pseudoscience, but it is very difficult to "discard the false and preserve the true". By this scientific concept, shanzhai and fraud will bring great trouble to the benign development of the industry.

  "There are more counterfeit products, and everyone will be disgusted with good and bad quantum products in the future." A domestic scientist in quantum field told reporters helplessly that the abuse of quantum concept is very negative to the normal development of market and industry.

  Zhang Qiang, co-chairman of the Focus Group on Quantum Information Technology of the International Telecommunication Union, said that there are many factors that make popular science spread far less quickly than rumors: for example, the scientific literacy of the people needs to be improved, and the discrimination against news reports and false propaganda of emerging science and technology is insufficient; There is no sufficient linkage between the market supervision department and the quantum academic circle. When "pseudo-quantum" products use people’s knowledge blind spots to swindle and cheat, it is difficult for market supervisors to scientifically supervise and respond in time. Some self-media also have the situation of chasing hot spots. "How to systematically do quantum science popularization, how to establish a fast and effective supervision mechanism, and how to increase the illegal cost of false propaganda through public interest litigation are all directions for discussion."

  "Is there any commercial speculation and public relations behavior in the development of quantum technology?" Li Xiaoming, the content director of the popular science platform "Intellectuals", told reporters that the quantum science and technology competition should distinguish between commercial speculation, public relations and real innovation.

  Experts pointed out that quantum technology has not yet been related to daily necessities. At present, the so-called "quantum+life" products are almost all deceptive things. "We have been trying to publish authoritative quantum scientific research information, popular science articles and cartoons in a language that ordinary people can understand and in a flexible and diverse way, and from a practical point of view, we have cracked down on various rumors in society one by one."

  "In addition to doing quantum science popularization, we also focus on cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence and life sciences, and show the beauty and strength of science and technology through online and offline activities, so that the public can understand the great promotion of science to the development of human civilization. At the same time, the public should understand the latest scientific progress, prevent falling into the trap of online rumors, recognize some scams caused by information asymmetry, and debunk them in a reasonable way to prevent the second spread of rumors. " Zhu Yannan said.