分类归档 hanzheng

Cancel the restrictions on the movement of used cars nationwide, and the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Commerce interprets-
Accelerated release of consumption potential in used car market

Recently, the Ministry of Commerce, together with the Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other 16 departments, issued the "Several Measures on Invigorating Automobile Circulation and Expanding Automobile Consumption", proposing "supporting the large-scale development of used car circulation, and strictly implementing the policy of completely canceling the restrictions on the movement of used cars in all regions". In this regard, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Commerce said in an interview with this reporter that after the removal restriction policy is completely abolished, used cars will further realize free circulation throughout the country, and the supply of automobile products in various places will be more abundant, which will enhance the adaptability between supply and demand and better meet the demand for automobile consumption.

Recently, the Ministry of Commerce, together with the Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other 16 departments, issued the "Several Measures on Invigorating Automobile Circulation and Expanding Automobile Consumption" (hereinafter referred to as "Several Measures"), proposing "supporting the large-scale development of used car circulation, and strictly implementing the policy of completely canceling the restrictions on the movement of used cars in various regions". What is the background for the "Several Measures" to cancel the policy of restricting the movement of used cars? What new measures are there to accelerate the active second-hand car market? The reporter interviewed the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Commerce.

Second-hand cars will further realize free circulation throughout the country.

Restricting the removal of used cars has always been a prominent problem that restricts the construction of a unified national automobile market. In the past few years, the State Council has deployed many times, and relevant departments and localities have conscientiously implemented it, and continued to promote the cancellation of the policy of restricting the movement of used cars, and achieved positive results.

According to the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Commerce, some enterprises and the masses have reported that since the implementation of the national sixth emission standard for new cars nationwide, a few places have "added policy" to used cars, requiring foreign countries to transfer used cars to meet the national sixth emission standard, and vehicles with national fifth emission standards are not allowed to move in. At the same time, there are still some places that violate the existing regulations of the state and restrict the movement of used cars that meet the emission standards of in-use cars, which hinders the free circulation of used cars across regions, restricts the operation of enterprises and inhibits the automobile consumption demand of the masses, which has been strongly reflected by all parties.

In order to solve these problems, in May, the State Council issued a "package of policies and measures to stabilize the economy", which clearly required that the policy of restricting the movement of used cars be completely abolished. The "Several Measures" have further refined and implemented this to ensure that this measure will be effective as soon as possible. The first is to clarify the scope requirements. That is to say, it is required to implement this policy nationwide, including key areas for air pollution prevention and control, and promote the free circulation of used cars that meet the national five emission standards. The second is to clarify the time requirements. In a few areas, the policy of lifting the restriction on relocation has made slow progress. In order to ensure that this measure will be effective as soon as possible, it is further clarified that this measure will be fully implemented from August 1 this year.

According to the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Commerce, according to the analysis of relevant institutions, at present, the flow of used cars in China generally presents a regional feature from first-and second-tier cities to third-and fourth-tier cities. After the removal restriction policy is completely abolished, used cars will further realize the free circulation throughout the country, promote the rich supply of automobile products in various places, enhance the adaptability between supply and demand, better meet the demand for automobile consumption, satisfy people’s yearning for a better life, and achieve good economic and social benefits.

The person in charge said that the Ministry of Commerce will closely follow the progress of the implementation of local policies with relevant departments, do a good job of supervision and inspection, and ensure that the policies are fully implemented and effective as soon as possible.

Thoroughly get through the difficulties in the circulation of used cars.

Used cars are an important link in the whole life cycle of automobiles. Invigorating the circulation of used cars can revitalize the stock of cars and increase the consumption of new cars, which plays a very important role in promoting the consumption of cars.

China’s car ownership has exceeded 300 million, ranking first in the world. After the car ownership reaches a certain level, the second-hand car market begins to increase in volume, which is the universal law of automobile consumption in the world. In 2021, China’s second-hand car trading volume reached 17.59 million, less than 6% of the car ownership, far below the proportion of the international mature car market. The problems of cross-regional restrictions on the movement of second-hand cars, unclear commodity attributes, and limited distribution business have seriously hindered the development of the second-hand car market.

According to the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Commerce, on the basis of systematic combing and extensive investigation, the Ministry of Commerce has put forward a series of measures to comprehensively develop the circulation of used cars, hoping to completely break through the difficulties in the circulation of used cars, so that used cars can gradually standardize transactions, circulate freely and consume with confidence like new cars. These measures cover almost all aspects and fields of second-hand car circulation, from the registration of market entities to filing, to the accounting treatment and invoice issuance of second-hand cars, and then to the cross-regional circulation and transfer registration of vehicles. In addition to the total cancellation of the policy of restricting relocation, the "Several Measures" also include the following aspects-

Support the development of distribution business and promote scale development. Enterprise distribution mode is the main circulation channel of the mature international used car market, accounting for about 70%. China’s used car market is dominated by the "broker+individual" model, and the problem of "small and weak" in the industry is prominent. To this end, the "Several Measures" require the abolition of unreasonable restrictions on the development of second-hand car distribution, and it is clear that enterprises with registered residences and business premises outside the second-hand car trading market can carry out second-hand car sales business. At the same time, because natural persons can’t issue sales invoices to the purchasing enterprises as sellers when selling used cars, in order to facilitate the people to sell cars and business operations, used car enterprises are allowed to issue invoices as buyers, that is, "reverse invoicing", and handle the transfer registration procedures accordingly.

Optimize transaction registration management and promote efficient circulation. The "Several Measures" clarify that the second-hand cars distributed by enterprises should be accounted for as "inventory goods" like new cars, and a separate endorsement should be made when the vehicles are transferred and registered, and a temporary number plate should be issued, which greatly optimizes the transaction registration process; For cities where automobile purchases are restricted, it is clear that the second-hand cars purchased by automobile sales enterprises and used for sales do not occupy the number plate index, further reducing the operating costs of enterprises and facilitating the circulation of second-hand car transactions.

Promote the professional, large-scale and standardized development of used car circulation

The "Several Measures" proposes to restrict natural persons from selling three or more used cars that have been held for less than one year in a natural year. In this regard, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Commerce said that this measure is more specific, but it plays an important role in promoting the professional, large-scale and standardized development of used car circulation.

This policy meets the needs of the development of used car circulation and the demands of the industry. According to the current regulations, individuals do not have to pay value-added tax when selling used cars, and they are tax-free. However, distribution enterprises should levy value-added tax according to a certain proportion of sales when selling used cars. For this reason, some second-hand car distribution enterprises carry out second-hand car distribution business in the name of brokers, and trade the vehicles under the name of individuals, resulting in the phenomenon of individual "backtracking". At present, the circulation of second-hand cars in China is dominated by "brokers+individuals", which leads to the "small and weak" industry, and has a negative impact on society, resulting in unfair competition and many transaction disputes, which has dampened consumer confidence and become a drawback of the industry. The industry calls for effective policies to effectively regulate this phenomenon.

This measure also draws lessons from the experience of the mature international automobile market. The Ministry of Commerce has fully investigated the management of second-hand car circulation in developed countries. The circulation of second-hand car transactions in developed countries is very common and there are many mature experiences and practices. For example, if an individual sells a certain number of used cars within a certain period of time, he is recognized as a used car dealer. At this time, he can no longer trade in his own name, and must pay taxes according to law. He must express his car condition information to the next distribution enterprise and consumers, and he must also bear the responsibility of quality assurance. The Ministry of Commerce also draws lessons from these international advanced practices.

This measure will not affect the normal car sales behavior of the majority of car owners. The starting point of this measure is to eliminate the phenomenon of individual "back-selling" and will not affect individual car sales. The number of cars in China has exceeded 300 million, and the number of individual owners is 215 million. Among the 215 million car owners, there are about 2 million car owners who own more than three or more cars. The Ministry of Commerce has conducted in-depth research. Among these 2 million car owners, it is rare to sell more than three cars that have been held for less than one year in one year. Therefore, this measure will not affect the normal car sales behavior of individuals. At the same time, this measure also reserved a half-year transition period, which also reserved sufficient time for reasonably guiding market expectations and ensuring a smooth transition of policies. (Reporter Kelly)

Original abstract of big data of bacteria

Produced by Big Data Digest

Author: Caleb

There is a new member in the world space race.

At 4pm local time on June 21st, South Korea’s self-developed launch vehicle "World" was launched from the Luo Lao Space Center in Gaoxing County, Jeollanam-do, and successfully separated from the satellite in the 700km synchronous orbit, successfully sending the satellite into the scheduled orbit.

This is the first time that a Korean-made rocket has completed a satellite launch mission, which also makes South Korea the seventh country in the world to put a satellite weighing more than 1 ton into orbit with a Chinese-made rocket, which is just as famous as Russia, the United States, France, China, Japan and India, and demonstrates its ability to launch spy satellites and build long-range missiles by itself.

The launch of the "World" also encountered various challenges. It was originally scheduled to be launched on June 15th, but it was forced to be postponed for one day due to windy weather. Then, due to abnormal data, the launch plan originally scheduled for June 16th was postponed again.

"World" is the first launch vehicle independently developed by South Korea. A total of 250 researchers participated in the research and development process, aiming at sending a 1.5-ton practical satellite into low earth orbit (600-800 km).

The whole project took about 12 years, with a total investment of nearly 2 trillion won (about 1.68 billion US dollars).

Nearly 30 years after South Korea launched its first rocket for scientific observation in June 1993, South Korean President Yin Xiyue celebrated: "Now the road to the universe has been opened from the land of South Korea, which is the product of difficult challenges in the past 30 years."

Former President Moon Jae in also wrote a post on Facebook praising KARI for "accomplishing great things" and said that the next goal is the moon.

South Korea officially joined the ranks of countries that have developed their own spontaneous rockets.

For decades, South Korea has always been obsessed with self-developed rockets.

They not only hope to be able to launch communications and other satellites in orbit by launching self-developed rockets, thus ranking among the elite national clubs in space, but also hope to better detect potential threats from other countries through satellite identification.

In 2013, after many delays and failures, South Korea put a satellite into orbit for the first time, mainly for research and development.

However, the two-stage rocket "Ronald" used for this mission was jointly built with Russia. This time, it cost nearly 1.9 trillion won (US$ 1.5 billion) to develop "World", which is called -II(Korea Space Launch Vehicle-II, and it is completely self-developed.

In October last year, in the first test shot of "World", the rocket sent a 1.5-ton simulated satellite into space 434 miles from the Earth. However, due to problems with the oxidizer tank, the satellite was burned earlier than planned and failed to stay in the scheduled orbit.

In this test launch, "World" not only carried a 1.3-ton simulation satellite, but also carried a 357-pound performance verification satellite. This is undoubtedly a major technological breakthrough for South Korea.

Ahn Sang-il, a senior researcher at Korea Aerospace Research Institute, said that this performance verification satellite will help scientists prepare to launch more satellites in the future, test antennas, generators and other satellite components, and transmit their trajectory data to Earth.

Attached to the performance verification satellite are four mini research satellites CubeSats, which were built by Korean University. These satellites weighing between 7 and 21 pounds will be released into orbit one by one from June 29th.

South Korea’s Ministry of Science and Technology said that only nine countries in the world have the ability to launch rockets by themselves, and only six of them can launch more than 1 metric ton of practical satellites; South Korea has mastered the relevant development and launch pad construction technology, becoming the seventh country with the ability to develop medium and large liquid rocket engines.

New research and development plans and launch plans are on the agenda.

The success of this launch plan has also made South Korea’s rocket launch plan more convincing.

It is understood that South Korea plans to conduct four test launches of the "World" system before 2027, and the latest one is tentatively scheduled for early next year. At the same time, South Korea is still developing a new rocket, which will be more than twice as powerful as the "World".

Not only that, South Korea also hopes to develop and use self-developed rockets to send unmanned spacecraft to the moon in the 1930s.

South Korea hopes to make full use of its rocket technology to build satellite-based navigation and next-generation communication networks. For example, it occupies a place in the world satellite launch market. At present, most rocket launches in the world are carried out by the United States, Russian, French, China, Japanese and Indian.

So far, South Korea has been relying on other countries to transport its satellites.

In July last year, South Korea used Musk SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket to put its first military communication satellite into orbit. According to the plan, they will launch a lunar orbiter this fall, also using Falcon 9 rocket.

The launch of the self-developed rocket is also a good thing for South Korea’s military. Without its own military satellite, South Korea has been using American satellites to guard against neighboring countries. Nowadays, self-developed rockets also mean that South Korea can put its own "clairvoyance" and "clairvoyance" in space.

South Korea and the dream of self-developed rockets

South Korea’s economic and technological strength, looking at the world, is still relatively powerful.

In 2020, South Korea’s GDP reached 1.6 trillion US dollars, higher than that of Russia. In terms of science and technology, the most powerful thing in South Korea is the semiconductor manufacturing industry. At present, in addition to TSMC, the other company in the world that can realize the mass production of CPU 5nm process is Samsung.

However, CPU and self-developed rocket are still two different things.

In the research and development of rockets, launch vehicles need to send satellites, manned spacecraft, interplanetary detectors and other spacecraft into space, generally with 2 ~ 4 levels. One of the most important components is the rocket engine. In the launching mission of the two-stage carrier rocket "Ronald", the first stage was made in Russia and the second stage was made in South Korea.

After the failure of the "World" mission last year, South Korea’s Minister of Science, Technology, Information and Communication, Lin Huishu, said that the main problem was the third-stage engine, which failed to reach the target of burning for 521 seconds, and stopped working early at 475 seconds, resulting in insufficient speed and failure to send the satellite into the established orbit. At present, it is speculated that it is not the cause of fuel shortage or rocket engine failure. It may be that there is a problem with the pressure system or parts fail to meet the expected performance, and it may also be that the valve is mistakenly started.

However, the success of the first and second stage separation, fairing throwing and three-stage engine ignition is the expected result, which shows that South Korea’s space technology has reached a certain level. The first-stage rocket is composed of four 75-ton thrust liquid engines, which can generate 300-ton thrust. It is reported that this technology is adopted for the first time by Korean domestic launch vehicles, and it is also one of the biggest difficulties in this research and development project.

Huang Zhicheng, an aerospace expert from China, said in an interview that the carrying capacity of "World" has surpassed that of the Long March-1 carrier rocket that launched China’s first artificial satellite Dongfanghong-1, but its overall performance is still inferior to that of the Long March-2 carrier rocket developed by China in the 1970s.

Failure is the past, and now the successful launch of the self-developed rocket is undoubtedly a tonic. It is estimated that from 2023 to 31, the South Korean government will invest 1 trillion 933 billion won (about 1.62 billion US dollars) in projects including launching large satellites in low orbit and independently launching lunar landing ships.

With South Korea officially joining the ranks of countries that have developed their own spontaneous rockets, the future space competition will become more and more fierce, and such a future is still worth looking forward to.

Related reports:

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/21/world/asia/south-korea-rocket-launch-nuri.html?

https://www.engadget.com/south-korea-nuri-rocket-launch-satellite-161225369.html

https://cacnews.ca/128809.html

https://military.china.com/news/13004177/20211022/40192805_all.html#page_2

Original title: "twice postponed, South Korea launched its own research rocket and became the seventh satellite launcher in the world! Moon Jae in: The next goal is the moon.

Read the original text

In recent years, whenever the Mid-Autumn Festival approaches, "sky-high" moon cakes have become a "pain point" for consumers to shop. The relevant departments have begun to implement key supervision, but there are always merchants who "cleverly" evade the red line by playing the "edge ball". Yesterday (2nd), China Consumers Association also issued a consumer warning, saying that mooncake packaging is simple and appropriate.

Stealing and selling "high-priced moon cakes"
Merchants have three routines.

Routine 1: reselling and increasing prices

Recently, a brand announced that the Mid-Autumn Festival is approaching, and this year, two mooncake gift boxes, Yuhu Yingyue and Liuxin, were launched, with prices of 188 yuan/box and 318 yuan/box respectively, totaling about 100,000 boxes. At present, both mooncake gift boxes have been sold out, but many e-commerce sellers are still reselling at a higher price.

On an e-commerce platform, the price of "Yuhu Moon-welcoming Gift Box" sold by some merchants is more than 400 yuan, which is more than twice as expensive as the original price, even approaching the regulatory red line of "500 yuan". As for the "Flowing Moon Cake Gift Box", although many merchants show that they are out of stock, some merchants also show that they can consult customer service. In this regard, the customer service of the merchant was asked, and the customer service responded that the Liuxin moon cake gift box was still in stock, with a price of 636 yuan per box, and sent a link to the buyer. The content of the link shows that the price of the gift box of Liuxin Mooncake is 498 yuan, the price after the coupon is 486 yuan, and the courier fee is 150 yuan.

Routine 2: Hide keywords

Faced with the regulatory red line of "500 yuan", some online merchants also played a trick of hiding keywords. For example, in an ice cream flagship store, if you directly search for "moon cake", you can’t find more goods than 500 yuan, but if you search for "ice cream" or "gift box", there will be a variety of commodity exchange coupons, and some products are very similar in style to moon cakes.

In the commodity evaluation, some consumers exposed the Mid-Autumn Festival gift box redeemed by the exchange voucher, and the words "moon cake ice cream" were printed on the gift box.

Routine 3: Combination premium

In addition, under the banner of "Mid-Autumn Festival Gift Box", it is not uncommon to find mooncakes in commodities, and the price of these gift boxes often exceeds that of 500 yuan. In the flagship store of a red wine brand in Tmall, a Mid-Autumn Festival suit with a price of 1595 yuan, the picture shows that it contains two bottles of wine, two boxes of moon cakes and a multifunctional bottle opener. However, after inquiring in the flagship store, it was found that the total price of the two bottles of wine was only 710 yuan, which also meant that excluding the two bottles of wine, the value of other commodities such as moon cakes exceeded that of 800 yuan.

In another shop, there are as many as 24 kinds of mooncake gift boxes. The combination of goods available includes thermos cups, notebooks, scented candles, towels, honey, handmade soap, etc. Two ordinary mooncakes look like dispensable supporting roles.

"sky-high price" moon cakes are profitable.
Consumers are forced to pay the bill.

From the perspective of protecting consumers’ rights and interests, businesses increase profits by attracting purchases through over-packaging, and some consumers get a "sense of ceremony" by buying over-packaged products, which seems to be "one willing to fight and one willing to suffer", but in fact, consumers’ interests have been damaged and unnecessary expenses have been increased.

For consumers, the huge and complicated packaging box can only be thrown away, and only the products that are "trapped in it" have real use value. The cost of packaging is included in the price of goods, and it is finally passed on to consumers.

If all businesses make the trend of over-packaging worse and worse for the purpose of increasing profits, consumers will only be forced to accept the over-packaged products on the shelves over time, and eventually lose their right to choose.

Four departments jointly issued a regulatory announcement.
China Consumers Association warning: packaging should be moderate!

In June this year, the National Development and Reform Commission and other four departments jointly issued the Announcement on Curbing "Sky-high" moon cakes and promoting the healthy development of the industry, and put emphasis on the supervision of boxed moon cakes whose unit price exceeds that of 500 yuan.

Yesterday, China Consumers Association issued a consumer warning saying: Moon cake packaging is simple and appropriate.

The "slimming" of mooncake packaging is mainly reflected in four aspects:
First, limit the number of packaging layers, requiring that the number of packaging layers of moon cakes should not exceed three at most;
The second is to compress the packaging gap, reduce unnecessary gaps in the packaging box, and avoid "big cakes in the box are small";
The third is to reduce the packaging cost. For moon cakes with a sales price above 100 yuan, the proportion of packaging cost in the sales price will be reduced from 20% to 15%. For moon cakes with a sales price below 100 yuan, the proportion of packaging cost will remain unchanged at 20%. At the same time, it is required that precious metals and mahogany materials should not be used as packaging materials;
Fourth, strict mixing requirements, moon cakes should not be mixed with other products.

On the occasion of the Mid-Autumn Festival, China Consumers Association also encourages consumers to record the over-packaging and "sky-high" moon cakes that violate laws and regulations, standards, public order and good customs by hand, and report them to local market supervision departments and consumer associations.

This paper integrates China Discipline Inspection and Supervision News and China News Network.

Producer: Lu Yi

Producer Zheng Hong?

Editor Wang Hexiang Ai Jiumei Sui Boyu

1905 movie network news Warm, innocent and healing animated films are not only the artistic enjoyment of vision, but also the warm healing of the soul. As a world-renowned animation director, Miyazaki Hayao can always touch the softest place in everyone’s heart with warm brushstrokes, which brings us a little touch. Among them, the works released 30 years ago are not only classic animation works in many people’s minds, but also known as "Ghibli’s pioneering works". On Children’s Day on June 1st this year, the film channel "Movie Life Home" and China Film Connect specially organized and planned the "Miyazaki Hayao Animation Film Appreciation Meeting" in the form of "scheduled screening".

?One-click ticket purchase

"Scheduled screening" is a new mode of viewing created by China Film Co., Ltd. in 2023, which divides the big market into small markets, subdivides and digs deep into vertical areas, and adds differentiated content supply to meet the audience’s viewing needs. Since the establishment of China Film’s scheduled screening, it has continuously created multi-dimensional scheduled cases such as "China Film Dreaming Science Fiction" series.

The "Miyazaki Hayao Animation Film Appreciation Meeting" held this time will not only show Miyazaki Hayao’s classic "City in the Sky" to the audience, but also invite Sun Lijun, vice president of Beijing Film Academy and vice president of Beijing Film Association, international judges of Golden Goblet Awards animation unit and short film unit of the 24th Shanghai International Film Festival, directors and screenwriters of animation films (1-4) to be present, and chat with you about "Miyazaki Hayao" and "animation films".

　

The event will be held in CINITY LED Cinema of China Film International Studios (Cinity Cinema of the Party History Museum). All the audience present will get exclusive snack bags, participate in the interaction, and have the opportunity to get genuine surrounding such as Miyazaki Hayao movie posters, ticket stubs and pass cards, as well as value-added benefits such as China movie card.

　

Activity time: June 1, 2024 (Saturday)

Activity flow:

Admission time: 14:45-15:00

Pre-screening promotion: 15:00-15:15

Film screening: 15:15-17:20

Dialogue after screening: 17:20-17:55

Venue: China Film International Studios (CINITY Cinema of the Party History Museum) [B1M Floor, TiantianZhongyinghui, No.7 Beichen East Road]

Click on the link to participate in this activity!

Click on one-click ticket purchase:https://t.cfc.com.cn/te3rfv　

　　Job-seeking students check the recruitment position information. China News Service reporter Chen Wei

　　As the development of Internet giants gradually entered the platform period, some fresh graduates who pursued long-term growth began to turn their attention to middle factories.

　　The so-called "middle factory" refers to companies that are not so large in scale but also have considerable popularity and reputation in the industry. Their products have also gained a place in the highly competitive market, which even makes some big manufacturers wary, and they are "potential stocks" in the industry.

　　Previously, many fresh graduates regarded the Chinese factory as a "spare tire": first, they took the offer from the Chinese factory as a guarantee, and then they broke the contract after getting the offer from the big factory. Nowadays, the trend has undergone subtle changes: an Internet industry headhunter revealed that many fresh graduates even gave up on their own initiative and went to work in a Chinese factory after receiving an offer from a big factory, and the "aura" of the big factory is gradually fading.

　　According to the data of BOSS Direct Employment Research Institute, in the spring of 2022, the recruitment scale of the Internet industry was at a low point since 2019, while the intensity of job hunting was higher than in previous years, and the competition among job seekers in operations and sales positions was obviously intensified. Compared with large factories, the middle factory, which is still expanding steadily, seems to be a better choice.

　　The reporter learned from an Internet recruitment platform that many non-head Internet companies that are on the rise have encountered a resume blowout this autumn.

　　Take Xiaohongshu, which is developing vigorously, as an example. By the end of September, the delivery volume of school recruitment resumes had more than tripled compared with last year. Among them, the number of students with high academic qualifications and prestigious schools has increased significantly. The number of resumes with doctoral degrees is five times that of last year, and the proportion of fresh graduates from C9 prestigious schools has also increased significantly. The number of students in Zhongqingbei (China University of Science and Technology, Tsinghua and Peking University) has increased by nearly 70%.

　　According to "LatePost", as of August 2022, the monthly active data of Xiaohongshu APP increased by 34% year-on-year, and it is also one of the few Internet platforms with the growth rate of users still exceeding 30%.

　　What has happened behind the wave of internet fresh people going to Chinese factories?

　　PK Factory in China: Pay and benefits are in line, and business is on the rise.

　　Job fair site.

　　Previously, the "halo" of big factories that attracted fresh graduates mainly came from their salary and welfare level. Now, many Chinese factories with good development momentum are gradually aligning with big factories.

　　Zhu Qing (pseudonym), a fresh student in 2022, worked as an intern in the technical department of Xiaohongshu for 8 months. She found that free meals and rental subsidies are also available here as standard. What impressed her most was that the company gave everyone a day off to go out and play on August 2 nd, and the company paid the bill. "There are more than 200 projects to choose from, which is eye-catching." Zhu Qing said, "This kind of atmosphere is not available in big factories. It is less brainwashed, feels more energetic, and what it does is not bad. Compared with this, it seems that big factories are not so ‘ Xiang ’ Yes. "

　　At the same time, some medium-sized factories in the rising business period not only increase the number of jobs, but also improve the quality requirements for talents. "The higher the business goes, the larger the number of users will be, and the complexity of technical problems will increase exponentially. They will want better talents in the market, and almost companies in a period of rapid development will face similar problems." A senior headhunter in charge of technical recruitment said.

　　In order to compete with big factories for talents, many Chinese factories have also offered competitive salaries. HR, a Chinese factory, told reporters that last year, the company began to provide great salary space for the recruitment of top technical fresh graduates, and gave an annual salary of about one million to the fresh graduates of some excellent algorithm positions in the first year. And in this year’s project, it is said that there is no limit on salary to grab the technical talents in the head.

　　In the eyes of professionals, another attraction of the Chinese factory comes from the relatively stable demand for talents.

　　"The talent strategy of the big manufacturers has been greatly expanded. Quickly spread out the business, blossom in many ways, and be more aggressive in recruitment. In the case of a bad environment, businesses with slow development or weak profit prospects will be decisively cut off to achieve cost reduction and efficiency improvement. For some Chinese factories, in the past few years, the products have maintained a relatively focused state, and the organization is relatively small and beautiful, and the demand for talents is relatively stable. " An Internet industry headhunter told reporters.

　　Don’t just want to be a "screw", pay more attention to the growth space.

　　Job seekers understand job requirements in the talent market.

　　When the middle factory gradually catches up with the big factory under the hard conditions of high salary and welfare, the children began to put forward higher expectations in personal growth after 00.

　　"I worked in startups and Internet companies during my internship, and I prefer the atmosphere of Chinese factories." Hua Juan (a pseudonym), a graduate of TOP4 Software College, told reporters. When he graduated, he won the offers from Ali and Tencent. However, considering the company atmosphere, personal growth, available space, future imagination and other factors, he finally did not accept these two offers, but went to bilibili. In Hanjuan’s view, bilibili has a good development momentum, and its seniors and sisters around it have a good reputation, and it belongs to a company whose business is still rising significantly.

　　Today’s Internet industry is no longer so "young", and many well-known companies have entered a mature stage. In the eyes of many younger job seekers, the businesses of big factories have already matured, and many jobs are actually more like assembly line operations, and most people are "screws". Compared with mechanized large factories, many medium-sized factories have a certain scale, but they have not fully developed and finalized, and their future development potential has more room for imagination.

　　"Under normal circumstances, an internship period of more than 6 months is just enough for me to follow a complete project. Compared with going to a big factory to make screws ‘ Gold plating ’ I prefer to choose a job with room for growth. " During the internship, Zhu Qing participated in the iteration of an important function, gained rich project experience, and successfully got the company’s retention offer. "Compared with big factories, Xiaohongshu has fewer employees and more opportunities to be independently responsible for business. More importantly, the company has not yet been listed, and there is more room for imagination. "

　　The reporter interviewed a number of graduates and found that compared with large factories, the middle factory has fewer organizational levels and is more flexible in talent appointment, which also means that fresh graduates can play their own value better.

　　Xiaoyuan (pseudonym) graduated from the State Key Laboratory of CAD&CG of Zhejiang University last year and joined Xiaohongshu. He was promoted within one year. At present, he has started to lead the team, set up a complete system of company search QP, and attacked key technologies.

　　Xiaoyuan’s experience made Bang Bang (a pseudonym), a 2023 graduate of a 985 university, quite envious: "Now it is difficult to get the bonus brought by organizational and business expansion when entering a large factory, and the pits are all occupied. Freshmen have to do the most basic things just one or two years ago, and it is increasingly difficult to get a special promotion. It is even more impossible to get the opportunity to lead a team just after graduation."

　　After giving up Ali’s offer and coming to bilibili, Xiao Zhu, another fresh student, also bluntly said that he had no regrets: "Although the team is small, the atmosphere is good. Everyone is technology-driven and does not engage in ‘ Horse racing ’ Mechanism. Compared with simply implementing the requirements of leaders, we will think about how to use technology to achieve business goals from the perspective of content business, and urge ourselves to establish more global thinking. "

　　He mentioned that his greatest achievement came from building a project from scratch. "I used to practice in a big factory, and I felt that I was working on a very mature and well-packaged system, like driving a car with automatic driving function, but I can participate here ‘ Make a car ’ This will test your ability and let yourself grow faster. "

　　Aken (pseudonym), who is in charge of quality assurance, jumped ship with his former boss to a medium-sized company on the rise after BAT encountered a promotion bottleneck. In his view, compared with large factories, there is enough time to grow, and the business in charge is more and more challenging. In his new position, he is responsible for planning the tool platform of the test process, and can be a project manager to promote the business from beginning to end, which he has never experienced before in a year and a half in a big factory.

　　With the change of job-hunting trend, the competition to enter the middle factory has become more intense. The scale of the middle factory company is small, and the number of interns and new job recruitment in each department is limited, so it is inevitable to "choose the best among the best".

　　An employee who enrolled in bilibili last year revealed that it was only after he joined the company that he learned that the admission ratio of his post reached an astonishing 3000: 1.

　　The reporter also learned that among the resumes obtained by Xiaohongshu in the 2023 school recruitment, the number of resumes with doctoral degrees is five times that of last year, and the proportion of fresh graduates from C9 prestigious schools has also greatly increased. The number of students from Zhongqingbei (China University of Science and Technology, Tsinghua and Peking University) has increased by nearly 70%.

　　Zhu Qing told reporters that the talent density in his company is very high. "Some groups even reach the level of holding top-level papers per person. As a school enrollment, they can get the guidance of industry experts and work with the best colleagues in the industry to solve business problems, which is also a spur to their own development."

　　Regarding career planning, Bangbang said frankly, "For fresh graduates, what kind of people can work with at the starting point of their careers is also an important factor affecting their future careers. Working with people with strong professional ability and excellent comprehensive quality, my growth will be faster. "

CCTV News:According to the data released by the National Bureau of Statistics today (April 11th), in the first quarter of this year, China’s consumer price rose by 1.3% year-on-year, while the ex-factory price of industrial producers decreased year-on-year. In March, China’s consumer price index (CPI) rose by 0.7% year-on-year, down from the previous month.

1— In March, on average, the national consumer price increased by 1.3% compared with the same period of last year, and the ex-factory price of industrial producers decreased by 1.6% compared with the same period of last year.

Guo Liyan, Director of Comprehensive Situation Research Office of China Macroeconomic Research Institute:Judging from the state of CPI operation in the first quarter of this year, food is a factor to stabilize CPI operation. For example, measures to stabilize the production of some fresh agricultural products and promote the convergence of production and marketing have been solidly implemented, and food has shown a trend of seasonal stability and decline. At the same time, the price of service also shows a moderate fluctuation trend, which is basically consistent with the current contact service industry and some aggregate consumption and stable upward trend. Prices continued to run smoothly in the first quarter, which also laid a solid foundation for the overall stability of prices throughout the year.

With the continuous recovery of production and life, the consumer market is well supplied. In March, China’s consumer price index (CPI) decreased month-on-month and increased year-on-year. From the ring comparison, food prices decreased by 1.4% due to factors such as warmer weather and increased fresh vegetables. Non-food prices fell by 0.2% from last month to be flat. In non-food products, due to the continuous recovery of travel demand, the prices of accommodation and air tickets increased year-on-year. From a year-on-year perspective, CPI rose by 0.7%, and the growth rate dropped by 0.3 percentage points from last month.

In March, affected by the accelerated recovery of the domestic economy and the price trend of some commodities in the international market, the national industrial producer price index (PPI) was flat month-on-month and decreased year-on-year. From the ring comparison, with the continuous improvement of domestic production and market demand, the prices of steel, cement and other industries have risen. Due to seasonal factors such as rising temperature, the demand for coal has decreased, and the prices of coal mining and washing industries have declined. In addition, the price of electronic equipment manufacturing such as computer communication has turned from a decline last month to an increase. From a year-on-year perspective, the PPI decreased year-on-year due to the higher comparative base of oil, coal, steel and other industries in the same period last year.

　　On January 3rd, the Information Office of Henan Provincial Government held a press conference, focusing on the related work of vigorously boosting market confidence and promoting economic stability in Henan Province.

　　Whether it is to expand investment, promote consumption, cultivate industries and strengthen the main body, it needs to be implemented in real projects, and it needs a high-quality carrier platform as a support to make the elements of development more concentrated and kinetic energy more concentrated. Which carrier platforms will Henan focus on? Ma Jian, Party Secretary and Director of the Development and Reform Commission of Henan Province, answered a reporter’s question at the press conference.

　　Strengthen the industrial carrier

　　Further play the role of the main position, main battlefield and main engine of economic construction in the development zone.

　　At present, the development zones in Henan province have been integrated from 288 to 184, and the key reform tasks such as "three transformations and three systems" and "management Committee+company" have been basically completed. In the future, the focus of work will be shifted to industrial development, and all localities will be urged to focus on the responsibility of owners and go all out to attract investment, projects and services.

　　Implement leapfrog development actions. Organize the work promotion meeting of development zones in the whole province, formulate policies and measures to promote the high-quality development of development zones, and carry out the establishment of industrial transformation demonstration development zones.

　　Strengthen the "heroes on average". Scientifically and orderly promote the expansion and regulation of development zones, and establish a comprehensive evaluation system of input and output per mu and a differentiated allocation mechanism of resource elements.

　　Strengthen monitoring and assessment. Improve the mechanism of monthly monitoring and quarterly notification, and organize observation activities in development zones.

　　Be a carrier of precision agriculture

　　Further strengthen the agglomeration effect of scientific and technological resources on platforms such as Zhongyuan Agricultural Valley.

　　Recently, the provincial development and reform commission focused on the major needs of national seed industry and food security, and planned and laid out the Central Plains agricultural valley in a forward-looking way. Subsequently, the overall plan of "Central Plains Agricultural Valley" and the construction plan of the core area will be implemented as soon as possible, and a number of landmark seed science and technology innovation projects will be implemented to strengthen the dislocation linkage with Zhoukou National Agricultural High-tech Zone and accelerate the construction of 4 million mu of high-standard farmland demonstration zone, which will provide important support for building a solid foundation of a grain-producing province and helping to build an agricultural power.

　　Be an excellent and innovative carrier

　　Further build a first-class innovation ecosystem.

　　Since last year, the provincial party committee and the provincial government have built an innovative carrier platform system with the integration and promotion of the "three-in-one" construction of the Provincial Academy of Sciences, the Central Plains Science and Technology City and the Zhengzhou Center for National Technology Transfer as the leader, supported by provincial laboratories, industrial research institutes, pilot bases and wisdom islands.

　　As a development and reform system, the provincial development and reform commission will vigorously promote the construction of standardized wisdom islands, and strive to build 20 all-factor, low-cost, convenient and open wisdom islands throughout the year, and incubate and cultivate 200 competitive and innovative enterprises.

　　Open carrier for living

　　Further enhance the domestic and international dual-cycle link function of the airport area and the "Aerial Silk Road" international forum.

　　The airport area is an important gateway to Henan’s opening to the outside world, and the "Aerial Silk Road" international forum is the only national forum with the theme of "Aerial Silk Road" in China. Henan will focus on the implementation of the institutional opening strategy, adhere to both soft and hard efforts, and jointly empower Henan Province to open to the outside world at a high level.

　　On the hard side, it is mainly to further promote the "second venture" of the airport area. High-level preparation of the development plan of the airport port area in the new stage, deepening the expansion of the "double hub" cooperation model between Zhengzhou and Lu, implementing the action of improving the quality and efficiency of air cargo at Zhengzhou Airport, striving for the landing of the second base of China Post Aviation, and starting the construction of Zhengzhou Air Mail Processing Center.

　　On the soft side, it is mainly to accelerate the institutionalization and platform development of the "Aerial Silk Road" forum. Explore and hold the International Cooperation Forum on the "Silk Road in the Air" in turn with Luxembourg, strive to become a sub-forum of the national "Belt and Road" international cooperation summit forum, link the Henan, China CIFIT, the overseas CIFIT in Luxembourg and other activities, launch and implement a three-year action plan to deepen cooperation with Europe, and attract a number of key industrial projects in the fields of automobiles, parts and semiconductors.

　　"The provincial economic work conference specifically proposed that the port economy should be regarded as the starting point and breakthrough point for the high-quality development of Henan Province this year. We will continue to expand the airport, strengthen the dry port, develop the water port, promote the linkage between the comprehensive bonded zone and bonded logistics center and aviation, railway ports and various functional ports, gather various port-oriented industries with one port and one policy, and strive to achieve double-digit growth in cargo and mail throughput of Zhengzhou Airport, and operate more than 3,000 flights of Zhongyu in China-Europe trains. " Ma Jian said. (Song Xiangle, Wang Yizhen)

Note: this article contains spoilers, but spoilers do not affect the viewing of this play.

Does free will really exist? Netflix’s German drama "Dark" can shake even the most determined people who believe this.

The third season (the final season) released on June 27 th closed the distorted old and new worlds, and the complicated puzzles in the 28 episodes of the third season were put back in place. The tragic fate of many characters’ cycles dissipated in the fog of the god of time, and the "Original World" resumed the simple linear flow of time.

Poster of Diablo Season 3

In the last shot, we saw pictures of the wall that once haunted everyone in Wendeng town, most of whom never existed. On June 21, 1986, the clockmaker mistakenly turned on the time machine, which destroyed his "original world" and split the old and new worlds. Since then, the residents of Wendeng town have fallen into a closed loop, and the reproduction of life has become a mother-daughter paradox. Incest, killing relatives, killing children and killing themselves from another time and space have occurred constantly, and everyone has sipped the bitter wine that fate has already prepared.

In the first two seasons, the jumping timeline gradually pieced together the scene that "everything is closed loop and everything is destiny". Many characters have a sense of "Déjà vu" at a certain moment, and the experience of peeping through the tree of life is actually a cycle of fear. The town of Wendeng, a place of tragedy. Everyone has the pain of bereavement, and the motive that drives them to kill is attachment, and they want to save their loved ones/everyone by changing the "past".

The philosophical, religious and scientific system of Diablo is based on the evolution of the West in the past thousands of years. The religious view of birth-death-rebirth in ancient Egypt observes the life and death of the characters in the play, and the study of time by modern physics has become the theoretical basis of time machine and parallel universe. Classical dualism: life and death, light and darkness, corresponding to the fission of the old and new worlds, and two teams of time travelers headed by Adam (Jonah) and Eve (Martha) with contradictory goals.

From this point of view, Diablo is a master. It not only rarely combines the fatalistic closed loop of time travel with the fate bifurcation of the parallel universe in genre dramas, but also tortures the root of fatalism by tracing the fate trajectory of the characters in an extremely cold way.

Every character that Wendeng appeared on the stage has its own epic. The best part of the script is that a character has the opportunity to meet himself at different ages, or confront, cooperate or even kill each other. When the fog was still heavy in the first two seasons, the audience could not tell whether the elderly Jonah, Martha and Claudia were lying to their younger selves, nor could they know their intention of crossing frequently. There is only a vague feeling that the old man is like a pool ball, guiding fate to realize his intention. They don’t care who they kill, just let everything repeat, what’s the point of taking the "right" road at the critical turning point?

As I said before, every character in Diablo is sad. Tragedy can be roughly divided into two types: 1) the young self can’t understand it, and at the same time tries to avoid becoming the old self, but in the end, the course of life repeats itself and the hateful cycle can’t be broken. 2) Everyone who wants to change the story and save their loved ones has failed, either here or there, and finally tragedy is always staged.

But they are all fighters, and no one becomes a numb fatalist after repeated crits, willing to accept the "fate arrangement" calmly. Young people struggle with their old selves, and those who see the mystery of the cycle resist flagrantly. The fate of Nelson and his wife will surely remain in their hearts long after the end of the play.

Ulich Nelson, who traveled through time to find his missing son, was imprisoned as a madman in a madhouse for decades. Finally, I found my son, and my father and son fled to the mouth of Time Cave because of a little magic trick, which almost succeeded and eventually failed. When ulich’s wife, Katrina, robbed the time machine, she found old ulich and tried to save him from the madhouse. Unfortunately, it happened again. She was killed by a young mother who was not pregnant with her (she didn’t know her and mistook deja vu for a sign of the devil) and became a female ghost in the lake.

In the third season, the more accelerated and fragmentary timeline clips clearly show everyone’s futility and despair to the audience. Because of the situation, talent and destiny, the Wendeng people trapped in the closed loop gradually divided into four types. The first one, represented by Katrina and Hannah, has not yet discovered that the world is closed-loop, acting on instinct and realizing the true meaning of life little by little in pain. The second is represented by time travelers, who find the existence of closed loop, realize how the tree of life was created, and personally promote the kindness and incest needed for reproduction; Have faith, stand with Adam or Eve, and understand your responsibilities in the old and new worlds. The third is Jonah and Martha, that is, Adam and Eve. They have a firm belief in the cycle, and the process is like the birth of religion. One group prides itself on the light, and the other believes in nothingness, all driven by love. Adam wants to end the cycle. His ideal heaven is forgetting and nothingness, and everyone doesn’t have to suffer again and again. Eve hoped that the cycle would never end, so that she and Adam’s son could be born again and again. The fourth kind has only one person, Claudia, the "white devil". Only after collecting enough pieces can she complete the whole puzzle, find out the real origin of the cycle, and have the courage to eliminate two worlds that should not exist, so that her daughter Regina in the "primitive world" can live.

The most ignorant are the Catalina, but they break through their fate like warriors in an attempt to save their loved ones. They are most like the tragic heroes of ancient Greece, who fought against fate with the determination to realize free will and won the greatest respect from the audience. The most unfortunate thing is that travelers in time and space mistakenly believe in Adam and Eve, always carrying out orders and never breaking the rules. The deepest implication is Jonah and Martha. Their enemies and mentors are always their older selves, symbolizing the human beings who have repeatedly had youth and repeatedly become rigid and old-the old always want to keep things as usual, and the old always want to control the young.

Adam and Eve, who became similar religious leaders in self-reinforcement, could not see the real crux. Only Claudia, who is eager to save the woman, is single-handed and pure-minded, and neither wants to destroy the two worlds nor promote the cycle indefinitely. How did she guess the origin? The secret can’t be leaked. The screenwriter hid the secret, perhaps to imply the existence of higher power. If time itself is God, he doesn’t need to pay attention to this mischievous joke. Let a person find the "knot" and break it, and there is no need for a reason.

Diablo seems to describe the appearance of modern religion, and there is not necessarily an omniscient and omnipotent god. In other words, time is God, and he may not have the will that human beings can understand, but human joys and sorrows, life and death are all decided by him.

This "god" will not pity the sadness of the two worlds born like a tumor, and will not make any noise, give no guidance, and be completely silent. Finally, Jonah and Martha decided to go back to the real origin-before the watchmaker’s son died in a car accident, so as to prevent the watchmaker from building a time machine to bring back the dead. The price is that they and all the people born in the distorted world of the old and the new will disappear.

Jonah and Martha’s consciousness and self-sacrifice contain the philosophy of eastern and western religions. Let go of your obsession and admit that you are the product of mistakes, as if you were taught by Buddha. Sacrifice yourself, break the cycle, let the "primitive world" return to normal, and embrace the spirit of Christ.

Regardless of whether the God of Time exists or not, the sinful and bloody town of Wendeng, which witnessed numerous human crimes, should not cease to exist like the last toast of Katrina. Even if Jonah, Martha and many others were never born, they were just dreams or deja vu of others. It is meaningful to fight and seek like this.

In the last scene, in a thunderstorm, Hannah, Katrina, Doppler and others who have never experienced all this have dinner. Hannah, who is pregnant, suddenly wants to name her future child Jonah. There are more than one way to understand this ending. Behind the sense of deja vu that everyone will encounter may accommodate such a magnificent epic. Another possibility is much darker: Hannah gave birth to Jonah and started the cycle again, but it didn’t end.

[Specially published by Shanghai Literature and Art Review Special Fund]

　　CCTV News:The Central Meteorological Observatory issued a typhoon blue warning at 18: 00 on October 2nd. The center of Typhoon KOINU (strong typhoon) No.14 this year is located at 5: 00 pm today (2nd) in the northwest Pacific Ocean about 630 kilometers south-east of Taiwan Province, China, which is 19.6 degrees north latitude and 126.4 degrees east longitude. The maximum wind force near the center is 15 (48 meters).

　　It is estimated that "Little Dog" will move to the northwest at a speed of 10-15 kilometers per hour, and gradually approach the southeast coast of Taiwan Province Island, and its intensity will continue to increase. The strongest one can reach the super typhoon level (16-17, 52-58 m/s), and it will land or brush over the southeast coast of Taiwan Province Island from the night of the 4th to the morning of the 5th (strong typhoon level or super typhoon level, 48-52 m/s).

　　Gale forecast: From 20: 00 on the 2nd to 20: 00 on the 3rd, there will be 6-8 winds in the southern part of the East China Sea and the waters near Diaoyu Island, east of Taiwan Province, bashi channel, Taiwan Province Strait, northeastern South China Sea, coastal areas of southern Zhejiang, Fujian and Taiwan Province Island, 9-12 winds in the southeast of Taiwan Province Island, 13-16 winds in the nearby sea where Little Dog Center passes, and 17 gusts.

　　Defense guide:

　　1. The government and relevant departments shall, in accordance with their duties, do a good job in typhoon prevention and emergency rescue.

　　2. Water operations and passing ships in relevant waters should return to Hong Kong to take shelter from the wind, strengthen port facilities, and prevent ships from anchoring, grounding and collision.

　　3. Stop large-scale indoor and outdoor gatherings and dangerous outdoor operations such as high altitude.

　　4. Reinforce or dismantle structures that are easy to be blown by the wind. Personnel should not go out at will. They should stay in windproof and safe places as far as possible, so as to ensure that the elderly and children stay in the safest place at home, and the dangerous people will be transferred in time. When the typhoon center passes by, the wind will decrease or stay still for a period of time. Remember that the strong wind will suddenly blow and you should continue to stay in a safe place to avoid the wind.

　　5. Relevant areas should pay attention to prevent flash floods and geological disasters that may be caused by heavy precipitation.

February 11th this year marks the 60th anniversary of the National People’s Congress’s approval and promulgation of the Hanyu Pinyin Scheme (February 11th, 1958, approved and promulgated by the Fifth Session of the First National People’s Congress). Since the implementation of hanyu pinyin, it has achieved fruitful results: at home, it has become an important tool to read Chinese characters, eliminate illiteracy and learn Putonghua; Internationally, it has become the standard of transliteration of Chinese characters in Latin. The birth of the Chinese Pinyin Scheme is closely related to the implementation of Latinized new characters in people’s lives since the 1930s, and some features of Latinized new characters have been absorbed in the Chinese Pinyin Scheme. The Latinized New Characters Movement is also a colorful chapter in the history of Chinese language and writing. It is a passionate era in which everyone designs Pinyin and strives to be a Cang Xie in order to save the country through education.

The Latinized Textbook published in Shanghai in 1935

Origin: the birth of Latin new characters in northern dialect

The Latinized New Characters is a Chinese phonetic alphabet scheme that was implemented among the masses from the early 1930s to 1958 before the announcement of the Chinese phonetic alphabet scheme. It played an important role in China’s character reform movement and was the predecessor of Chinese Pinyin. Compared with other previous pinyin schemes, such as Wittoma-Zhai Lisi Pinyin (see the article "The most famous Chinese-English dictionary in the first half of the 20th century, including the pronunciations of 12 dialects" published by The Paper Fanshu Party on April 28, 2017) and the Romance of Mandarin (see "The Romance of Mandarin, the Failed Attempt of the Elite to Rebuild Civilization" published by The Paper Private History on January 12, 2018). Another major difference is that the first two were designed by sinologists and domestic linguists from Western consulates in China. However, Latinized new characters are a phonetic scheme invented by left-wing intellectuals and attracted the participation of the public.

Qu Qiubai

In April 1928, Qu Qiubai went to Moscow to preside over the upcoming Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China. At this time, it was the climax of the Soviet Union’s campaign to eliminate illiteracy, and the literacy target also included 100,000 Chinese workers in the Far East of the Soviet Union. In September, 1928, the Nanjing National Government College (once renamed as the College by the Ministry of Education) officially published the French Pinyin of Roman Characters in Mandarin, which was drawn up by the "Several People’s Association". Like Lu Xun, Qu Qiubai thinks that the Roman characters in Mandarin are a scheme formulated by scholars in the study, which is divorced from reality; Chinese, who was in the Soviet Union at that time, also believed that Latin alphabet literacy should be faster than Chinese character education. Therefore, he is determined to create a set of pinyin schemes that are more suitable for the public.

In February, 1929, with the help of Soviet sinologist Guo Zhisheng (C·B·Колокопов), Qu Qiubai drew up the Draft of Latin Alphabet of China. In October, the plan was finalized and finally named "The Latinized Letters of China". In the spring of 1930, "The Latinized Letter of China" was first published in the No.2 issue of Moscow’s "China Question" magazine, and then a one-line booklet was published by China Workers’ Communist University Press, which caused great repercussions. The booklet is printed in Chinese characters, Latin new characters and Russian, and its contents are in three aspects: first, it talks about the difficulty of learning Chinese characters and the possibility of pinyin of China characters; The second is to talk about whether it is necessary to note the tone; The third is the scheme and spelling.

The Latinized Letters of China.

In September, 1931, Vladivostok held the first congress on the Latinization of China characters, and determined the plan for the Latinization of new characters. However, because the Chinese workers in Vladivostok are basically northerners, in fact, the plan adopted by the conference is only one kind of Latin new characters in the northern dialect. Its phonetic standard is close to the old national sound established by the "Pronunciation Unification Conference" in 1913 (see The Paper Private History, June 25, 2017, The Attempt of phonetic chinese characters Without Inheritance: The History of Phonetic Symbols). Beila, as the predecessor of Chinese Pinyin, has a high similarity. The main differences are:

First, distinguish the sharp group sounds, and see the postal pinyin of word processing, even if it is palatalized, it is spelled without palatalization. Example: giu (9), ziu (wine).

Second, do not write empty rhymes (vowels on the tip of the tongue), I only mark vowels [i]. Example: z (word).

(3) ? [y] of Chinese Pinyin, and writing y in new characters; However, y[j], which is used as a prefix by Chinese Pinyin, is defined as J in new characters, but it is only used to separate syllables in the middle of words.

Fourth, the er of Chinese pinyin, writing r in new characters.

Fifth, the tone is not marked, and the tone is regarded as an element that should be removed from Chinese. Save only a few that are extremely necessary and easily confused, and distinguish them by changing spelling, for example: jou (You), ju (You), maai (Buy), mai (Sell), Shansi (Shanxi) and Shanansi (Shaanxi);

Sixth, direct spelling of foreign words, for example: Latinxua (Latinization).

A New Latin Writing Scheme for Northern Dialect

The Congress also formulated thirteen principles of Latin new characters. Generally speaking, Chinese phonetic characters must be modernized, internationalized, popularized and dialectalized. Proceeding from the national conditions at that time, the Congress advocated that all dialects in China should be covered as far as possible in letter design, and each dialect could be written by itself. Popularization and dialectalization are the biggest differences between new characters and Guoluo, and Guoluo has clear phonetic standards, as Lu Xun later said: "Now China is not unified by one language, so it is necessary to spell according to the languages of different places and communicate in the future." (Lu Xun’s "On New Characters") In addition, due to the limitations of the times, the General Assembly, like the Guoluo School, believes that Chinese characters should be abolished.

On March 16th, 1950, Ningbo People’s Daily reprinted the Thirteen Principles of New Characters in China.

After the scheme was determined, in a short time, great progress was made in latinized new characters. By November 1933, the Far East had published 47 books in new languages, with a total of more than 100,000 copies printed.

Spark: the practice of Latin new characters in Ningbo dialect

In the early 1930 s, although overseas education on new characters had been carried out in full swing; At home, because the Kuomintang blocked the news, the public didn’t know the new characters at first. Fang Shan Jing (pen name Jiao Feng, a native of Zhenhai, Zhejiang), an esperantist, was the first to introduce new Latin characters to China. In 1933, after he saw Xiao San’s "Latinization of Chinese Calligraphy" in the publication "New Stage" of the Esperanto organ, he translated it into Chinese, which attracted the attention of domestic cultural circles. In October of the same year, Fang Shanjing published "The Latinization of Chinese Calligraphy", calling for vigorously promoting new characters.

Fang Shan territory

Shanghai is the center of the Latin New Character Movement. In 1934, the debate on popular language began in Shanghai cultural circles. Lu Xun and others criticized Wang Maozu and other old literati’s perverse ideas at that time, such as "abolishing vernacular", "restoring classical Chinese" and "advocating respecting Confucius and reading classics", which also promoted the movement of Latin new characters. Ye Laishi, a character reformer (formerly known as Bao Shuyuan, a native of Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province, who has served as secretary-general, deputy director and consultant of the China Character Reform Committee since the founding of the People’s Republic of China) pointed out in Popular Language, Dialect and Latinization: "Dialect characters (pinyin characters written in dialects) are a sharp weapon to eliminate illiteracy". It is an important stage of the development of popular language, which is mutually promoted and closely combined with the popular language movement. Therefore, it actively advocates the latinization of dialect areas everywhere. On October 13th, Lu Xun published an article, saying that new characters are a sharp weapon for literacy: "But in China, only about two-tenths of the population are literate, and of course there are fewer people who can write … until the proposal of Latinization appears, this is the key to solving the problem." (Lu Xun’s essays on Jiejieting, the rebirth of China language).

Ye Laishi

In August of that year, Ye Laishi and others set up the Chinese Latinization Research Association in Shanghai, and began to spread the new Latin characters. The first thing the seminar did was to publish a booklet introducing new characters, The Latinization of Chinese Writing-Theory, Principles and Scheme. In November, Speech Science, the journal of esperanto association, published the Latin Draft of Ningbo Dialect in Fang Shan, which proved that the new characters can be popularized and dialectomized. This exciting practice has greatly expanded the influence scope of Latinized new characters.

The Latinization of Chinese Writing-Theoretical Principle Scheme

The biggest reason why Lu Xun supports new characters is that they are easy to learn. "As long as you know 28 letters and learn a little spelling and writing, anyone can write and understand them except slackers and imbeciles. And it also has the advantage of writing quickly. " (Lu Xun’s essays on Jiejie Pavilion, Talking about Foreign Languages) In March 1935, Mao Dun also published On New Characters, explaining his clear support position.

In December, 1935, the latinized new characters ushered in the most brilliant node in the history of sports. Tao Xingzhi initiated the establishment of the China New Characters Research Association in Shanghai, as the general meeting of the national new characters research groups, which played a great coordinating role for associations and workers all over the country. The seminar passed the "Our Opinions on Promoting New Characters" signed by 688 famous people from all walks of life in China, including Cai Yuanpei (he was the main supporter of Guoluo, but now he supports new characters), Sun Ke, Lu Xun, Tao Xingzhi and Chen Wangdao. The opinion said: "China has arrived in do or die (in 1996, the Japanese began to encroach on North China and set up the puppet regime’ Jidong Anti-Communist Autonomous Government’), and we must educate the public … The new characters that China people need are pinyin new characters." In the opinion, six specific suggestions were put forward to promote the new characters.

Latinized Chinese character reading "Everyone forms a heart"

Start a prairie fire: the spread of Latin new characters in popular language

Wu Zhihui, president of "Pronunciation Unification Association", once recalled that there were various pinyin schemes collected at the meeting in 1913, which made him feel that "everyone wants to be Cang Xie". Compared with the spreading period of Latin new characters, the enthusiasm of design scheme in this period is obviously far behind. Designers of phonetic symbols need to have a high level of knowledge in traditional primary schools (primary schools are the subjects that study the ancient Chinese language and characters in China, including phonology of phonetic interpretation, philology of phonetic interpretation, exegetics of interpretation, etc.), and all 80 representatives of the pronunciation unification association are linguistic elites; The designer of the Latinized New Text Scheme only needs to have literacy level. Under the impetus of domestic celebrities such as Lu Xun and the influence of core scholars such as Fang Shan Jing, N kinds of Latin new characters appeared, and the era of everyone striving to be Cang Xie appeared in China. This is actually an extension and practice of the popular language movement in terms of words.

From 1934 to 1937, following Beila, China Latinized New Characters successively designed 13 dialect schemes, including Ningbo dialect, Shanghai dialect (later renamed Jiangnan dialect), Suzhou dialect, Wuxi dialect, Wenzhou dialect, Fuzhou dialect, Xiamen dialect, Hakka dialect, Guangzhou dialect, Chaozhou dialect, Guangxi dialect, Hubei dialect and Sichuan dialect. Moreover, many large dialects even have county-level dialect schemes. For example, Ningbo, the hometown of Fang Shan, has also produced a new Latin script of Zhenhai dialect (designer Li Changlai) and a new script of Dinghai dialect (designer Yang Liangji). In this era, the popularity of mass pinyin design may only be comparable to that in the 1980s, when thousands of Chinese character input methods were invented.

Another manifestation of the rapid development of the Latinized New Characters Movement is the emergence of a large number of folk research groups. As a linguist, Ni Haishu (formerly known as Ni Weiliang, a native of Shanghai, who was the deputy director of the China Character Reform Committee after the founding of the People’s Republic of China) made statistics: "Since the Latinized Chinese characters were put forward, they have been in Shanghai, Beiping, Tianjin, Taiyuan, Kaifeng, Xi ‘an, Chongqing, Kunming, Hankou, Changsha, Nanjing, Yangzhou, Suzhou, Wuxi, Ningbo, Dushan, Guangdong and Puning. From August 1934 to August 1937, there were at least 70 Latinized groups established in various places in the past three years. " (Ni Haishu, "A Brief History of the Phonetic Character Movement in China")

Since the development of the Latinized New Characters Movement, the Nanjing National Government has been in a state of opposition, believing that it will affect the status of phonetic symbols. On January 1, 1936, the Kuomintang began to ban new characters and ordered newspapers to ban articles about new characters. "Then people were arrested in Shanghai, Beiping and other places, and all of them were run by the Communist Party." (Ni Haishu’s "The History and Chronicle of the Latinized New Characters Movement") In October, students in the new characters class of Shanghai Workers’ Night School were also arrested for writing banners of Latinized new characters in northern dialect and Shanghai dialect to bid farewell to Lu Xun.

In 1938, Chiang Kai-shek lost to Hankou. In May, in order to cope with the cruel War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and unite all forces that can be United, the Propaganda Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee had to announce the lifting of the ban. "If the Latinization movement of Chinese characters does not hinder or distract the Chinese people from the war of resistance, it is not bad to study it from a purely academic standpoint, or to regard it as a tool of social movements." (Ni Haishu, "The History and Chronicle of the Latinized New Characters Movement") The new characters have finally been recognized by the National Government. Fang Shan Jing and Ye Laishi, the core figures of the New Writing Movement who retreated to Hankou, also reached a consensus of reconciliation with their opponents-Guo Luo Pai Wang Yuchuan after interviews. In September, Hankou, as the wartime command center of the Kuomintang, also appeared such new books as Mr. Sun Yat-sen’s Three People’s Principles.

The New Text Version of Mr. Zhongshan’s Three People’s Principles

Unlike the Kuomintang, communist party has been actively supporting the Latinized New Writing Movement. The Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region and various base areas (liberated areas) have established the New Characters Research Society. In February 1940, the Latinized Sowing Team was established in the anti-Japanese base area in northern Jiangsu. In November 1940, Yan ‘an established the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region New Characters Association. In June 1942, the Huainan New Characters Promotion Association was established in the Jiangsu-Anhui Border Region. At that time, stamps or teaching materials with new characters were issued in the liberated areas, which is the historical evidence of the application of new characters. On December 23, 2017, Poly Autumn Auction, a 1943 "Huainan" five-pointed star with a 20-point stamp was sold for 3,105,000 yuan; At the same time, a 10-cent stamp issued by Shuzhu District in 1945 was auctioned.

In 1949, the textbook of Liaoxi Provincial People’s Government in the Liberated Area "Nine-day Pass of New Characters"

After the full-scale outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, compared with the almost disappeared national language Roman characters, the Latin new characters also showed great vitality. From November 1937 to November 1938, Ni Haishu and others conducted literacy experiments in 40 refugee shelters and 30,000 refugees in Shanghai, and achieved remarkable results. In the liberated areas, people use Beila to literacy, and the effect is also obvious.

Teaching situation of new language classes in refugee shelters

During the period from liberation to the publication of the Chinese Pinyin Scheme, Chinese people’s enthusiasm for the study of new characters remained the same. Shanghai New Writers Association was established in September 1949, with Chen Wangdao as its chairman and Ni Haishu as its vice chairman. The print run of Knowledge of Chinese published by the Association reaches as many as 150,000 copies per issue. Major cities in China, such as Hangzhou, Ningbo, Qingdao, and even overseas Chinese in Japan and Singapore also have new character education activities.

In August, 1949, Wu Yuzhang wrote to President Mao Zedong, suggesting that in order to effectively eliminate illiteracy, it is necessary to carry out rapid text reform. On October 10th, China Character Reform Association was formally established, with the task of studying the formulation of Chinese Pinyin scheme. In December, 1951, the Cultural Education Committee of the State Council set up the China Character Reform Research Committee, with Ma Xulun as the chairman and Wu Yuzhang as the vice-chairman. The members mainly included those who had participated in phonetic symbols, those who had participated in Roman characters in the national language (the former two were li jinxi) and those who had participated in Latin new characters (such as Ye Laishi and Ni Haishu). By 1955, 633 people from all over the country and overseas Chinese had sent 655 Chinese phonetic alphabet schemes, of which 264 were selected by the Chinese Character Reform Research Committee and compiled into the Compilation of Chinese phonetic alphabet schemes sent by people from all over the country as reference materials for developing Chinese phonetic alphabet schemes. This phenomenal scene is inseparable from the new writing movement.

"Compilation of Chinese Pinyin Writing Schemes Sent by People from Various Places"

On October 14th, 1955, the Pinyin Scheme Committee of China Character Reform Commission submitted the First Draft of the Scheme of Chinese Pinyin Characters (Latin alphabet) to the National Character Reform Conference, which was similar to Beila, but also divided into different groups. In 1958, the officially promulgated Chinese Pinyin Scheme also absorbed the characteristics of phonetic symbols, national Roman characters and Latin new characters.

On February 3, 1958, Wu Yuzhang gave a report on the scheme of Chinese Pinyin at the Fifth Session of the First National People’s Congress.

In January 1986, in his later years, Ye Laishi fondly recalled: "The Latinized New Characters was the most extensive and far-reaching character reform movement in the history of China before liberation … It was closely integrated with the national salvation movement at that time, and went deep into workers, peasants, troops, refugees and overseas Chinese, and received extremely enthusiastic support from many progressive and patriotic people, such as Cai Yuanpei, Zhang Yilin, Lu Xun and others … (Preface of Ni Haishu’s "The Beginning and End of the Latinized New Character Movement and Chronicle") This assertion of the old man is the best summary of the New Character Movement.

The whole story and chronicle of the Latinized New Character Movement.

References:

Ni Haishu: The History and Chronology of the Latinized New Character Movement, Knowledge Publishing House, December 1987.

Ye Laishi: Selected Works of Ye Laishi, China Esperanto Publishing House, September 1995.

Shi Chuankan and Xiao Songlan: One Hundred Years of Chinese, Shanghai Education Press, September 2008.