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　　People’s Daily Online, Beijing, January 30 (Reporter Lu Jing) On January 30, the joint prevention and control mechanism of the State Council held a press conference. Han Jinghua, Deputy Director of the Transport Services Department of the Ministry of Transport, attended the conference and answered questions from reporters.

　　This year, the passenger flow in Spring Festival travel rush has increased substantially. How can the Ministry of Transport do a good job in epidemic prevention and control and service? Han Jinghua introduced that there are four specific measures as follows:

　　The first is to formulate and implement epidemic prevention guidelines and refine the prevention and control measures of epidemic situation. According to the requirements of "Class B Management" and the characteristics of passenger flow in Spring Festival travel rush, the epidemic prevention and control guidelines for comprehensive transportation in Spring Festival travel rush and Covid-19 were formulated, and 14 epidemic prevention measures were defined in four aspects: disinfection and ventilation of stations and means of transport, protection of employees, publicity and guidance, and emergency response. Strengthen dispatch and supervision, guide all localities to strictly implement the requirements of the guidelines, disinfect and ventilate the passenger contact areas, facilities, equipment and means of transportation in the station, strengthen the health monitoring and protection of employees, and stop operations as soon as symptoms appear to ensure the safety of transportation and epidemic prevention.

　　The second is to optimize transportation service measures to minimize the risk of infection. Actively provide non-contact services such as online ticket purchase, e-ticket and self-service ticket inspection to reduce unnecessary personnel contact. Strengthen the passenger flow organization of passenger stations, guide the public to queue up in an orderly manner, disperse and wait for passengers, and reduce the concentration of people. Increase the input of transportation capacity during peak hours, operate "point-to-point" chartered cars and increase night buses according to the needs of the masses, strengthen the connection between different modes of transportation, improve the transportation service capacity, and reduce the gathering of people and long waiting. At the same time, some key passenger stations have also prepared necessary epidemic prevention materials such as antipyretics and thermometers to deal with emergencies.

　　The third is to organize supervision and inspection and implement the main responsibility of epidemic prevention and control. In order to implement the epidemic prevention measures of transportation, transportation departments at all levels have carried out various forms of comprehensive and special inspections. Before the Spring Festival, the Ministry of Transport, together with relevant departments, went to 13 provinces to carry out supervision and inspection, and urged transport operators to strictly implement epidemic prevention and control measures such as disinfection and ventilation of passenger stations and vehicles, transportation organization and personnel protection, and resolutely guard against the spread of the epidemic through transportation.

　　The fourth is to strengthen epidemic prevention propaganda and guide the masses to travel rationally at the wrong peak. Make full use of service guarantee windows such as "cars, boats, airplanes, roads, ports and stations" and media channels such as television, radio and internet, strengthen epidemic prevention propaganda, release travel information in time, guide the public to travel rationally and avoid peaks, remind passengers to avoid taking public transport when they are sick, wear masks regularly throughout the trip, actively reduce gathering, and be the first person responsible for their own health.

　　In addition, Han Jinghua stressed that at present, it is at the peak of returning after the holiday, reminding the majority of passengers that in order to be safe and healthy, they should wear masks all the way in the process of entering and leaving the passenger station and taking public transportation, and work together to prevent and control the traffic epidemic.

The little "Luo" whistled and set sail.

Luohe, Henan Province: "Handling Cases+Education" fully protects minors.

In November 2023, students from Luohe Experimental Primary School went to the Comprehensive Protection Center for Minors in the city to participate in the immersive practice of rule of law.

"There are legal provisions and judicial cases in this’ online celebrity Exhibition Hall’, and the prosecutor’s sister also taught us how to deal with bad people and prevent infringement." Recently, students from West Lake School in Luohe City, Henan Province, led by their teachers, came to the exhibition hall of rule of law education in Luohe City Comprehensive Protection Center for Minors and completed a unique study tour of rule of law.

The reporter learned that there are 4 exhibition areas and 16 themes in the exhibition hall of rule of law education in Luohe Comprehensive Protection Center for Minors, which integrates the functions of visiting, teaching, experience and practice by using situational experience and game interaction. With the help of the announcement (admonition) room, information (inquiry) room and psychological counseling room set up in the comprehensive case-handling area of the center, the procuratorate of Luohe City comprehensively carried out procuratorial case handling, psychological counseling, comprehensive assistance and parental education. Since its establishment in December 2019, the center has received more than 7,800 visitors and carried out 52 legal practice activities, which has not only become an important position for the mutual promotion of procuratorial handling and legal education, but also a "punching place" for legal education for minors in online celebrity.

Enhance the effectiveness of rule of law education

"I used to think that loving children is to make him worry-free, so I patronize working to earn money and rarely communicate with children." In June 2023, when accompanying the children to visit the exhibition hall of rule of law education in Luohe Comprehensive Protection Center for Minors, the mother of Ma, a minor involved in the crime, choked.

In July 2022, when handling a suspected theft case of Ma, the prosecutor of the Yancheng District Procuratorate of Luohe City found that Ma’s mother worked outside the home all the year round, and Ma had been living with her grandmother. Ma has been infected with Internet addiction due to the lack of family supervision. If he is not helped to quit Internet addiction, he still has the risk of committing crimes again.

In view of this, the procuratorate and the Women’s Federation jointly provided family education guidance to Ma’s mother, suggesting that she communicate with her children more, strengthen supervision and help Ma quit Internet addiction. After 10 months of investigation and assistance, on May 15, 2023, Ma was decided not to prosecute by the Yancheng District Procuratorate.

"In view of the problems such as the lack of family education and the absence of guardianship reflected in cases involving minors, we have produced courses such as" Talking about family education from the’ long season’ ",focusing on improving parents’ self-literacy, improving improper education methods, strengthening parent-child communication, and building a defense line for family guardianship, and reminding parents with the most real cases." Jun Hu, head of the unchecked department of Luohe City Procuratorate, said.

The reporter learned that Luohe Comprehensive Protection Center for Minors has a theater of rule of law and a mock trial. In view of the rule of law needs of students of different ages, combined with the legal blind spots and key points found in the practice of handling cases, prosecutors have produced more than 40 lecture courseware, scenario scripts and simulation cases on different topics such as preventing school bullying and preventing telecommunication network fraud, and actively fed back the course menu to the school for selection.

Since 2022, the procuratorate of Luohe City has given full play to the various functions of the Luohe Comprehensive Protection Center for Minors, and based on this, it has created the brand of "Yu Jian Future Xiao Luo" for minors’ procuratorial work. Since 2022, the Seventh Procuratorial Department of Luohe City Procuratorate has been awarded the National Advanced Collective for Safeguarding Women’s and Children’s Rights and Interests, the Henan Youth Rights and Interests Post and the National Youth Rights and Interests Post. The center was awarded as an excellent publicity and education base of the rule of law in Henan Province and a demonstration base of family education in Henan Province.

"This kind of case teaching and interactive experience based on procuratorial handling cases has changed the single mode of popularizing law, such as distributing brochures and teaching in class, realized the close combination of rule of law education and high-quality and efficient handling cases, and greatly improved the publicity effect of popularizing law." On August 17, 2023, Ning Yaqiu, deputy to the National People’s Congress and deputy director of the editorial office of Luohe Radio and Television Station in Henan Province, said at the unveiling ceremony of the Henan Provincial Procuratorate’s Comprehensive Protection Center for Minors.

Expand the source of supervision cases

In July 2022, Wang, an obstetrician and gynecologist in a hospital in Wuyang County, found that Xiao Yu (12 years old) was suspected of being sexually assaulted. Wang reported the case to the police at the first time according to the compulsory reporting system for cases against minors. The public security organs quickly launched an investigation, and the Wuyang County Procuratorate intervened in advance to guide the investigation according to law. In the end, the defendant was sentenced to three years in prison by the court.

"When the prosecutor gave us a mandatory report, he particularly emphasized the importance of medical staff fulfilling their mandatory reporting obligations in time, thus reducing the occurrence of re-infringement. Our hospital conscientiously implements the mandatory reporting system and incorporates it into the year-end assessment project of medical staff to jointly protect the healthy growth of minors. " The president of the hospital told the reporter.

"Since June 2022, we have concentrated on preaching the systems of compulsory reporting, prohibition of employment, and on-the-job inquiry to key groups such as front-line teachers and medical staff in Luohe Comprehensive Protection Center for Minors, and received a total of 7 clues about suspected cases of infringement on minors, including 2 criminal cases. The role of promoting and expanding the source of supervision by the rule of law is becoming prominent." Yuan Dong, deputy procurator-general of Luohe City Procuratorate, said.

The rule of law propaganda is not only an effective way to expand the source of supervision cases, but also an important part of minors’ procuratorial work and a keen antenna to participate in social governance. It is reported that Luohe City Procuratorate, in response to the clues about campus surrounding safety and school bullying found and collected in the popularization of law, actively cooperated with education, public security, market supervision and other departments to comprehensively manage the campus surrounding environment through discussion and consultation, procuratorial suggestions, and urging special actions, so as to eliminate all kinds of risks infringing on the legitimate rights and interests of minors in time. Since 2022, Luohe City Procuratorate has issued 12 procuratorial suggestions on the protection of minors according to law, promoted functional departments to carry out special rectification activities 14 times, inspected 428 merchants, ordered 30 businesses to suspend business for rectification, and investigated 9 illegal entertainment venues.

"Minors who commit crimes are the key targets of rule of law education." Yuan Dong said that since 2022, the procuratorial organs in Luohe City have focused on the juvenile delinquents, a special group of rule of law education, and paid attention to giving full play to the important role of targeted rule of law education in helping and saving juvenile delinquents, combining rule of law education with procuratorial admonition, behavior development and help and save, helping 55 juvenile delinquents to turn over a new leaf and reintegrate into society.

Optimize the mode of "handling cases+education"

"Children, please follow me to start this journey of the rule of law in the Winter Olympics and see what problems’ Jian Xiaowei’ encountered in the Winter Olympics and how to use legal weapons to protect himself." On the day of Children’s Day in 2023, more than 20,000 students from Luohe participated in an online live broadcast of the rule of law propaganda. Wang Hao, the prosecutor of the unchecked department of Luohe City Procuratorate, became the "anchor" and interpreted relevant legal knowledge from three aspects: rules and laws, cybercrime and campus violence. The number of praises in the live broadcast was as high as 500,000 times.

Luohe City Procuratorate adheres to the concept that "case handlers can be better lecturers", selects 81 procuratorial police officers with excellent political skills and professional skills in the city’s procuratorial organs to set up a professional propaganda team, and adjusts the content, methods and objects of propaganda at any time according to the changes in the characteristics of crimes involving minors, and promotes the deep integration of case interpretation and campus law popularization. At the same time, the hospital actively absorbs social propaganda talents, such as educators and children’s social workers, and changes "prosecutors speak for themselves" into "everyone speaks together", forming a big pattern of legal education for minors with distinct themes and their respective strengths; Actively unite the Youth League Committee, women’s federations, education, civil affairs and other units, and efficiently integrate Luohe City’s comprehensive protection center for minors, family education guidance stations, youth homes, and practice bases for rule of law education in primary and secondary schools, so as to achieve multi-field cooperation and one-stop service.

According to reports, since February 2023, Luohe City Procuratorate and relevant departments have carried out 13 sessions of "Youth Shaying and Law Walking" rule of law summer camp activities and "Candy Mom" parenting classes and educational lectures, bringing children of migrant workers, left-behind children in rural areas, parents, etc. into the scope of rule of law education, and including mental health education. At the same time, for some minors involved with outstanding psychological problems, The Communist Youth League Committee, educational and professional psychological institutions have carried out collective psychological counseling for 6 times and case intervention for 33 times, striving to achieve pre-prevention, timely intervention and timely punishment, and integrating standardized case handling, accurate publicity and diversified protection.

"The procuratorate of Luohe City will continue to focus on brand creation, optimize the mode of" case handling+education ",comprehensively strengthen the judicial protection of minors, crime prevention, rule of law education, etc., and sound the small number of comprehensive judicial protection for minors, making this" work with temperature "more practical and better, and supporting a blue sky of rule of law for the healthy growth of minors." Du Yongzhao, Party Secretary and Procurator-General of Luohe City Procuratorate, said.

(Our reporter Liu Lixin   Correspondent Huang Xindi)

　　Authors: Li Yongsheng, a special researcher at Socialism with Chinese characteristics Research Center for Theoretical System in Shaanxi Province and a professor at Marxism College of Xi ‘an Jiaotong University.

　　How can science and technology develop when the world is facing unprecedented changes and new challenges in economic globalization? On November 10th, the Supreme Leader of president sent a congratulatory letter to the opening of the first session of the Boao Forum for Asia International Forum on Science, Technology and Innovation, pointing out that in today’s world, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is in the ascendant, which has brought profound changes to human development and provided a new path for solving and coping with global development problems and challenges. Science and technology should benefit all mankind. This profoundly clarifies the essence, purpose and value of science and technology, and points out the direction and provides follow-up for promoting scientific and technological progress and development.

　　The initial intention of science and technology is to benefit mankind.The development of science and technology has profoundly changed the fate of mankind and reconstructed social life. In today’s era of rapid development of science and technology, the importance of science and technology is more prominent. Tracing back to the history of scientific and technological development, it is not difficult to find that the initial intention of scientific and technological research is to explore the unknown, pursue the truth and benefit mankind. Newton said: "The sea of truth, let all the undiscovered things lie before my eyes and let me explore." Einstein said: "All I have to do is to serve truth and justice with my meager strength, even if I don’t like it." Bacon said: "The real and legitimate goal of science is nothing more than this: to give new discoveries and new strength to human life." Edison said: "My philosophy of life is work. I want to reveal the mystery of nature and benefit mankind." The wise words of these scientists and technical invention experts brilliantly tell the essence, purpose and value of scientific and technological research from different aspects, that is, to benefit mankind, which runs through the development of science and technology, becomes a strong background for the development of science and technology, and supports and promotes the progress and development of science and technology.

　　Only by benefiting mankind can science and technology keep its vitality forever.Science and technology is a social activity loaded with value, and it is not and cannot remain value neutral. Science and technology not only have the function of seeking truth, but also have the function of seeking goodness and beauty. People study science and develop technology for the purpose of improving life, creating a better world, enhancing human well-being and promoting social development. Reflecting on the course of the development of science and technology, those technologies that safeguard human survival, promote human well-being and create a better life often have strong vitality and development vitality, such as information technology, big data, artificial intelligence, life science, new materials, new energy technology, space technology, marine technology, etc., as well as the hybrid rice technology engaged by Chinese scientist Yuan Longping and the science and technology of treating malaria with traditional Chinese medicine engaged by Tu Youyou, which have brought many conveniences and benefits to human life, so they have strong vitality and vitality. On the contrary, those science and technology that are harmful to human dignity, rights and morality and endanger human life, health and survival and development are often despised by human beings and have no future. For example, the technology of human cloning, the technology of making nuclear weapons, and the artificial intelligence technology of making killing machines. Because these science and technology violate human morality, laws and ethics and challenge human rights, dignity and value, they have no market, no development soil and growth conditions, and it is difficult to sustain and achieve sustainable development. Human needs are the fundamental driving force for the development of science and technology, as Engels said: "Once there is a technological need in society, this need will push science forward more than ten universities."Among all kinds of human needs, the pursuit of truth, goodness and beauty is the deepest, most lasting, noblest and most meaningful need. Science and technology that tends to truth, goodness and beauty and benefits mankind will inevitably last forever, keep its vitality forever, and play its own value to the greatest extent.

　　Science and technology benefit mankind and need value navigation and social care.The essence and initial intention of science and technology is to benefit mankind and promote social development. The purpose of scientific and technological development is to care for, care for and promote human beings and promote their free and all-round development. However, in modern times, driven by the interests of capital chasing profits, science and technology have made great strides, resulting in environmental pollution, ecological destruction, accelerated species extinction, and various new types of germs constantly appearing, creating chaos such as nuclear weapons, nuclear leakage and pollution, and global warming, which directly threatened human survival and development. On the one hand, it shows that the development of science and technology is increasingly deviating from its essence and initial intention, which urgently needs human vigilance. On the other hand, it shows that science and technology will not automatically improve and benefit mankind. The healthy and sustainable development of science and technology needs value navigation and social care.

　　Science and technology have instrumental rationality and value rationality, which are dialectical unity. Instrumental rationality solves the problem of means and efficiency, that is, metaphysical problems; Value rationality solves the problem of purpose and meaning, that is, metaphysical problems. Among them, value rationality is more important, it is an organic part of scientific and technological rationality, it is related to the future and destiny of scientific and technological development, and it is the soul and commander of scientific and technological development. If we don’t solve the value rationality of science and technology, that is, the direction of scientific and technological innovation, the development of science and technology will lose its direction, lose itself and go astray, which will eventually affect its development. It can be seen that the development of science and technology is inseparable from the rational navigation of value. The "four orientations" put forward by the Chairman of the Supreme Leader, that is, persisting in facing the world’s scientific and technological frontier, facing the main battlefield of the economy, facing the country’s major needs, and facing people’s lives and health, are the value rationality that guides the development of science and technology, that is, the value navigation that promotes science and technology to benefit mankind, and lights up the way forward for the development of science and technology.

　　The cause of science and technology is not an isolated system, but a subsystem of the social system, which is restricted and influenced by many factors such as politics, economy, morality, law and culture. Therefore, in the complex environment of social differentiation, cultural diversity, different interests and diverse values, we must start from four aspects: system, policy, ethics and cultural environment to protect the initial intention of science and technology, care for the cause of science and technology and guide the development of science and technology from goodness to beauty. From the institutional level, we should integrate the scientific spirit of seeking truth, being pragmatic, rigorous and rational, and the scientific and technological values of caring for human destiny and benefiting mankind into the design of the scientific and technological system, constantly optimize the scientific and technological system, form a compulsory scientific and technological management system and social laws and regulations, restrain, guide and integrate scientific and technological behavior with institutional norms, guide scientific and technological workers to consciously practice their initial intentions in scientific and technological work, and guide scientific and technological behavior into the correct development track. From the policy level, it is necessary to establish a complete set of scientific and technological policy system that embodies the spirit and belief of science and technology, and form an effective operating mechanism to encourage scientific and technological workers to adhere to the belief of exploring truth and being brave in innovation, and to uphold the initial intention and perseverance of benefiting mankind through science and technology. Punish violations of scientific and technological norms, increase the social cost of violators, form a clear policy orientation of punishing evil and promoting good, make scientific and technological innovation follow strict norms, effectively correct scientific and technological misconduct, and ensure its orderly development and full of vitality.

　　Protecting the cause of science and technology depends on both heteronomy and self-discipline. Einstein said that science without conscience is the destruction of the soul, and scientists without social responsibility are moral decay and human sorrow. To this end, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of scientific and technological ethics. Establish and improve the governance system of scientific and technological ethics, improve the academic research mechanism of scientific and technological ethics governance, improve the supervision system of scientific and technological ethics, establish the self-discipline mechanism of scientific and technological personnel, form a scientific, standardized, effective and scientific and technological ethics system, strengthen the moral obligation and social responsibility of scientific and technological workers, and urge them to stress morality, style, ethics and self-cultivation, build a strong spiritual defense line of scientific and technological moral conscience, enhance self-discipline awareness and stick to the moral bottom line.

　　Protecting the development of science and technology cannot be separated from the nourishment of profound culture. Scientific culture is a deep soil that nourishes and irrigates the desire for exploration, curiosity, creativity, imagination and sense of responsibility. Vigorously develop science and culture, use science and culture to cultivate the initial heart and sharpen the mission, so that it is engraved in the souls of scientific and technological workers, melted into the blood, internalized in the heart and externalized in the line, so that science and technology can return to the duty of seeking truth and being pragmatic, pursuing goodness and beauty, creating a clean and upright scientific and technological environment, dispelling spiritual smog, resisting all kinds of temptations, stabilizing the rudder of scientific and technological behavior, and bringing more gospel to people.

　　The road to simplicity, people-oriented science and technology, guarding the initial intention of scientific and technological work, caring for the development of scientific and technological undertakings, carrying out international scientific research and cooperation, and making scientific and technological innovation better benefit mankind are the right path for the development of scientific and technological undertakings.

　 　 　 　 Instead of passing the exam, 17 2013 graduate students entered Hunan University, one of the best universities in Hunan, from six universities.

　　　　　　　　According to the latest ranking of "China Alumni Association Network", Hunan University ranks 34th, and all the six universities rank outside the top 100. The last of the six universities is Jishou University, which ranks 309th, but this university also has the largest number of 2013 graduate students transferred to Hunan University, with 5 students.

　　　　　　　　She Zuochen, director of the Graduate Department of Jishou University, said that the state stipulates that if there are special difficulties, you can transfer to another school, and the special situation of five students must be considered, "people-oriented".

　　　　　　　　The school of Hunan University also explained that the transfer procedures of 17 graduate students were compliant and there were no problems.

　　　　　　　　However, the transfer from ordinary universities to local famous schools and 17 graduate students at once, and the details of the transfer were not announced, which still caused controversy.

　　　　　　　　According to the data provided by the Hunan Provincial Department of Education, there are only 122 graduate students transferred from all universities in Hunan Province in the past decade.

　　　　　　　　Hunan University also realized that it was inappropriate, and made a new regulation after accepting 17 graduate students to transfer to another school, and will no longer accept the transfer applications of non-"985" university graduate students in the future.

Enter a prestigious school through transfer.

　　　　　　　　A netizen broke the news on the Internet that in 2014, Hunan University accepted 17 2013 graduate students from Jishou University, Hunan Agricultural University and other schools for transfer.

　　　　　　　　He said that these students did not go to the retest line of Hunan University in 2013, first entered non-key universities with low scores, then entered Hunan University in the name of further study, and then transferred their student status to Hunan University six months later to complete the whole process of phoenix nirvana.

　　　　　　　　The above-mentioned netizens questioned whether this situation is in line with state regulations and whether it is fair, and called on the Commission for Discipline Inspection to intervene.

　　　　　　　　The survey in The Paper confirmed that 17 graduate students did transfer from six universities in Hunan to Hunan University in early 2014. Among the 17 people, at least half of the students paid tuition fees to "study" at Hunan University before transferring to another school, and obtained credits. Its path is quite close to the description of netizens.

　　　　　　　　The Paper also found that among the 17 graduate students, some were admitted to the original university, but they did not study there.

　　　　　　　　For example, Yang, a graduate student in 2013, transferred from the business administration major of Central South University of Forestry and Technology to the business administration major of Hunan University. However, a 2013 graduate student majoring in business administration at Central South University of Forestry and Technology said that Yang’s name was on the roster at the time of reporting, but he had never seen Yang in his class.

　　　　　　　　The Paper contacted some graduate students who transferred to Hunan University, but they all refused the interview on the grounds of personal information and privacy.

　　　　　　　　The school of Hunan University responded that the transfer of 17 graduate students was carried out in accordance with national regulations and school procedures, and there was no problem.

　　　　　　　　As for the problem that some graduate students "pursue advanced studies" in Hunan University before transferring to another school, the school of Hunan University said that this is a case of mutual recognition of credits, that is, in order to share high-quality educational resources, each school allows students to take courses in the other school, and the school agrees with these credits.

　　　　　　　　Regardless of whether the procedures are in compliance, these 17 students did achieve a big leap in the school level through transfer.

　　　　　　　　According to the ranking of Chinese universities in 2015 selected by "China Alumni Association Network", the six universities where 17 graduate students were originally located were ranked outside the top 100, and Jishou University ranked 309th, far worse than Hunan University ranked 34th.

　　　　　　　　As far as the scores of postgraduate entrance examination are concerned, in 2013, the scores of literature postgraduates independently designated by Hunan University were 370, while the scores of literature postgraduates in six universities were unified "national line", with 350 for A-type candidates and 340 for B-type candidates (A and B are divided according to regions). The scores of literature postgraduate entrance examination in these six schools are 30-40 points different from those in Hunan University.

　　　　　　　　A graduate student in a famous university told The Paper that there are two specialized courses in the postgraduate examination independently proposed by universities, and the specialized courses in Hunan University are definitely much more difficult than those in six universities, so the actual gap is even greater than the difference in scores.

　　　　　　　　In addition, some graduate students were able to return to Changsha, the provincial capital, from Xiangtan and Jishou through transfer.　　

A winding path outside the exam

　　　　　　　　Every year, millions of students sprint for the postgraduate entrance examination, and eventually more than half a million students will be admitted to the corresponding schools according to their respective achievements.

　　　　　　　　However, after the unified postgraduate examination and admission are settled, there is still a winding path for the admitted graduate students to choose another school-transfer.

　　　　　　　　The winding path outside this exam is a "hole" left by the "Regulations on the Management of Students in Ordinary Colleges and Universities" issued by Order No.21 of the Ministry of Education.

　　　　　　　　In 2005, the Ministry of Education promulgated and implemented the "Regulations on the Management of Students in Colleges and Universities", which clearly stated that students should generally complete their studies in the admitted schools. If you are sick or have special difficulties and can’t continue studying in our school, you can apply for transfer.

　　　　　　　　However, there are four situations that clearly prohibit transfer: those who have been enrolled for less than one semester; When enrolling students, it is determined to be oriented and entrusted training; Should drop out of school; Other without justifiable reasons.

　　　　　　　　The "Regulations on the Management of Students in Ordinary Colleges and Universities" also clarifies the procedures for students to transfer to other schools: with the consent of the two schools, the transfer school can report to the local provincial education administrative department to confirm that the transfer reason is justified and can go through the transfer procedures; Inter-provincial transfer scholars shall be transferred from the provincial education administrative department of the transfer place to the provincial education administrative department of the transfer place, and go through the transfer procedures after confirming the transfer conditions.

　　　　　　　　In 2006, the Hunan Provincial Department of Education issued the Notice on Issues Related to Postgraduates’ Transfer, which added two more cases besides the cases in which the Regulations on the Management of Students in Ordinary Colleges and Universities clearly stated that transfer was not allowed: the graduate students were directly transferred to doctoral students; Does not meet the relevant provisions on graduate transfer from school to school.

　　　　　　　　Colleges and universities have also formulated their own "Measures for the Management of Postgraduate Student Status", which has made corresponding provisions on transfer.

　　　　　　　　For example, the Measures for the Management of Postgraduates’ Student Status in Hunan University basically follows the regulations of the Ministry of Education on transfer, but adds a new rule that no transfer is allowed "those who have been enrolled for more than one year".

　　　　　　　　The Measures for the Administration of Postgraduates’ Student Status in Hunan University also refines the examination and approval procedures for transfer. For example, it is stipulated that graduate students should submit a written application, and only after the tutor agrees to receive and transfer to the college (department) and the examination agrees, can they go through the registration formalities after being examined by the graduate school and approved by the principal in charge, and reported to the provincial education administrative department for approval.

　　　　　　　　Tang Zhenming, director of the Propaganda Department of Hunan University Party Committee and spokesperson, explained that after receiving the application, the graduate school will conduct the preliminary examination first, first of all, it must rule out several situations that the Ministry of Education stipulates that it is not allowed to transfer, and then "attend the meeting" after the preliminary examination.

　　　　　　　　"Attending the meeting" refers to taking the transfer application to the meeting of Hunan University Admissions Leading Group for discussion and voting. The enrollment leading groups are all school leaders, including the president, the vice president in charge of graduate students, the secretary of the school discipline inspection commission and the head of the graduate school.

　　　　　　　　Regarding the "cut" left by the Ministry of Education, a number of university graduate students told The Paper that some people have special circumstances and must be considered.

　　　　　　　　Regarding the unfairness caused by the transfer of scholars from ordinary universities to key schools, Vice President Liu of the Graduate School of Central South University of Forestry and Technology said that the transfer needs strict examination, so it will not cause large-scale unfairness.

　　　　　　　　Many university officials also emphasized to The Paper that the transfer of graduate students is only a small probability event, and very few graduate students transfer every year.

　　　　　　　　Even Hunan University, a "big family" of graduate students in Hunan Province, usually transfers in single digits every year, only in 2014, it soared to 17.

Special difficulties or discretionary factors?

　　　　　　　　The Ministry of Education’s Regulations on the Management of Students in Colleges and Universities clearly stipulates that students with "special difficulties" can apply for transfer, but it does not specify what "special difficulties" there are.

　　　　　　　　Colleges and universities also follow the concept of "special difficulties" of the Ministry of Education when formulating the regulations on student status management, and have not refined it.

　　　　　　　　Therefore, in practice, the "special difficulties" put forward by graduate students applying for transfer can be described in various ways.

　　　　　　　　She Zuochen, director of the Graduate Department of Jishou University, did not agree with The Paper to consult the application form of graduate students transferred from this school, saying that the materials had been filed and the administrator had taken a holiday.

　　　　　　　　He orally introduced the reasons why Liu and Luo, 2013 graduate students who transferred from this school to Hunan University, transferred to other schools.

　　　　　　　　Before Liu was admitted to Jishou University as a graduate student, she had studied in Hunan University for two years with master’s degree equivalent, so the school agreed to transfer her. "We consider for the students, after all, Hunan University is higher than our platform"; Luo is because his father who works in Changsha is in poor health and needs to be taken care of.

　　　　　　　　She Zuochen said that many transfer graduate students are the only children of single-parent families, and single parents are still sick. "Don’t think about it."

　　　　　　　　Yang and Xu, graduate students in 2013, transferred from Hunan University of Science and Technology to Hunan University.

　　　　　　　　Yao Jingcheng, deputy dean of the Graduate School of Hunan University of Science and Technology, said that Yang, who was admitted to the fine arts school, was allergic to oil painting, and the school did not have a design major, so she agreed to transfer to the design art school of Hunan University.

　　　　　　　　Since I’m allergic to oil painting, why did I apply for a postgraduate degree in fine arts at Hunan University of Science and Technology? The Paper contacted Yang through Weibo’s private letter, but the other party didn’t reply after asking about transfer and oil painting allergy.

　　　　　　　　The Paper found that Yang majored in online media art design at Hunan University.

　　　　　　　　As for Xu, Yao Jingcheng said that his application for transfer was due to financial difficulties, but did not specify what kind of financial difficulties it was. He only emphasized that Changsha, the provincial capital, had good economic conditions and many opportunities.

　　　　　　　　Three 2013 graduate students from Central South University of Forestry and Technology transferred to Hunan University. The graduate school of this school also rejected The Paper’s request to view the application form for graduate transfer, saying that only specialized departments can view students’ archives.

　　　　　　　　A teacher at the Graduate School of Central South University of Forestry and Technology said that most of the reasons for students’ transfer were because students found that their interests were inconsistent with the training priorities of the school after entering the school. "If you can’t learn, you will either drop out of school or transfer."

　　　　　　　　Tang Zhenming, a spokesman for Hunan University, also pointed out that students have a strong interest in a certain subject of Hunan University, and Hunan University will accept their application for transfer if they find that the other party has potential. He said that graduate students emphasize professional ability more than undergraduates.

　　　　　　　　Another situation is that students are not used to transferring the soil, water, diet and so on from the school.

　　　　　　　　Wang, a 2013 graduate student who transferred from Jishou University to Hunan University, told The Paper that the reason for the transfer was physical reasons, and he didn’t adapt to the mountainous climate in Jishou.

　　　　　　　　The name of Tang Zhen was once transferred from Hunan University to a Hebei graduate student because he couldn’t get used to the spicy Hunan food.

　　　　　　　　In practice, some universities will also consider the children of their own schools for transfer.

　　　　　　　　In short, the "special difficulties" stipulated by the Ministry of Education have evolved into various reasons in practice. Dean Liu of Central South University of Forestry and Technology summarized that any special circumstances can be applied, and then the school will review the reasons for the application.

　　　　　　　　In a sense, the "special difficulties" stipulated by the Ministry of Education have evolved into various discretionary factors in practice.

The opaque transfer process

　　　　　　　　Postgraduates who apply for transfer generally have to go through three levels, transfer out of school, transfer to school and the degree office of the provincial education department. If they transfer from other provinces, they have to go through the examination of the education departments of other provinces.

　　　　　　　　The internal audit process of the school is also very complicated, which generally requires the signature and consent of the tutor, the college, the graduate school and the leader of the competent school. For example, Hunan University also needs an enrollment leading group composed of many famous school leaders to hold a meeting to discuss and vote.

　　　　　　　　After the transfer and transfer to the school are agreed, they will be reported to the Academic Degree Office of the Provincial Department of Education. A staff member of the degree office said that the office is mainly responsible for confirmation and filing. Mainly confirm three contents: whether the universities on both sides agree, whether they are officially admitted students, and whether they are prohibited from transferring to other schools according to the regulations of the Ministry of Education.

　　　　　　　　However, there is no provision for publicity in the complicated and well-designed transfer review procedure.

　　　　　　　　The Paper searched the official website of Hunan University, but found no information related to transfer, and the transfer situation of 17 2013 graduate students was completely unknown.

　　　　　　　　Not only in Hunan University, but also in official website, six universities where 17 graduate students transferred, there is no information about these students’ transfer.

　　　　　　　　The Paper asked many graduate students from Changsha University of Science and Technology, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, and Jishou University, all of whom said that they had never seen the transfer students notified or publicized by the school.

　　　　　　　　Several graduate students from Jishou University told The Paper that either the number of students was reduced during the class reunion, or they didn’t show up for a long time, and then they found out that some students had transferred to another school after asking each other.

　　　　　　　　In fact, it seems to be a common unspoken rule for all localities to keep the transfer information of graduate students in colleges and universities secret. Searching the keyword "graduate+transfer" casually on the Internet can’t find any public information about transfer students.

　　　　　　　　A staff member of the Academic Degree Office of Hunan Provincial Department of Education said that Decree No.21 of the Ministry of Education did not stipulate publicity.

　　　　　　　　A person from a university explained that because schools are not willing to transfer their graduate students, they will not promote it.

　　　　　　　　However, this kind of internal audit, which is not open to the public, is easy to make people guess. When it comes to transfer, the biggest magic weapon that many people think of is relationship.

　　　　　　　　A graduate student of Changsha University of Science and Technology told The Paper that transfer is "all done behind closed doors, not open and fair" and "mainly depends on your relationship".

　　　　　　　　Although Hunan University claimed that the transfer procedures of 17 graduate students were in compliance after self-examination, the number of transfer students in this session almost doubled than before, and it was not publicized, which eventually triggered online questioning.

　　　　　　　　In January 2014, the Admissions Leading Group of Hunan University held a meeting and decided to accept 17 2013 graduate students to transfer to Hunan University. "The meeting was very heated." In the same month, the group made a new regulation that it would no longer accept the transfer application of master students from non-"985" universities.

　　　　　　　　Tang Zhenming, director of the Propaganda Department of Hunan University Party Committee and spokesperson, said that this is because the school leaders want to ensure the quality of graduate students’ "import".

　　　　　　　　However, when accepting 17 graduate students from non-"985" universities, after a heated discussion, I immediately made a decision not to accept graduate students from non-"985" universities in the future, and the behind-the-scenes motivation made people think more.

　　　　　　　　Even the official of Hunan University does not deny that this decision has the consideration of excluding people from greeting and taking relationships. "I am too lazy to pay attention to you, just set a threshold of’ 985′."

　　　　　　　　As a result of the establishment of the threshold, none of the 2014 graduate students entered Hunan University through transfer.