分类归档 hanzheng

Many netizens left messages and wanted to see it. Today it came. Let’s look down with Xiaobian.

First of all, from the appearance, the front face of Changan Auchan X7 PLUS is relatively simple and looks very round and lovely. Then the cool headlight design is adopted, and the overall look is comfortable. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, delayed closing and so on. Coming to the side of the car body, the size of the car body is 4730MM*1870MM*1720MM. The car adopts dignified lines, and the side of the car presents a delicate design style. With large-size thick-walled tires, the shape is quite clean. In the rear part, the rear looks very simple, the taillights present a fashionable and dynamic design style, and the unique exhaust pipe creates a good gas field.

Sitting in the car, the interior of Changan Auchan X7 PLUS is relatively simple, which is very in line with the tastes of young consumers. The steering wheel of the car is very sharp, equipped with functions such as manual adjustment of the steering wheel up and down, and its practicality and face value are not bad. Let’s take a look at the central control, with a 12.3-inch central control screen, which makes the interior design quite layered and looks quite capable. Finally, let’s look at the dashboard and seats. The dashboard of the car presents a clean and refreshing design style, and the trendy design elements make people remember it at a glance. The car uses a leather-like seat, the seat is wrapped in place, and the overall ride feels soft and comfortable.

Changan Auchan X7 PLUS is matched with a wet dual clutch (DCT) gearbox, with a maximum power of 138KW and a maximum torque of 300N.m, which shows good power performance.

It’s still no problem to put two bags in the trunk of Changan Auchan X7 PLUS. It’s a pity that the rear seats can’t be laid down. In addition, the car is equipped with fatigue warning, anti-lock braking (ABS), LED daytime running lights, brake assist (EBA/BAS, etc.), brake force distribution (EBD) main driver airbag, co-pilot airbag and front side airbag.

To sum up: the car is a very suitable choice for many families with a moderate size, and the internal space is enough for daily use.

　　BEIJING, April 23 (Guo Weiwei) On the 23rd local time, the first round of voting in the French general election will be held. Polls show that the candidates are competing for hegemony among the top four, and the extreme right-wing and extreme left-wing candidates who advocate leaving the European Union are "coming to the forefront" and impacting France’s European policy. After the Brexit referendum, will the "black swan" fly again in the French general election?

　　Europe is watching this election campaign in France with great anxiety. EU officials even worry that "this is the end of Europe as we know it".

　　[On the eve of the election, the outcome of the "top four hegemony" is unpredictable]

　　Data Map: French presidential candidate Macron. (Source: Reuters)

　　There are 11 candidates competing in this year’s French general election. At present, the most concerned people are Emmanuel Macron, a centrist independent candidate who is friendly to Europe, and Marina Le Pen, the leader of the National Front, a far-right party that advocates Brexit.

　　According to the results of several polls released before the first round of voting, Macron’s support rate is in the first place for the time being, but his lead over Le Pen, who ranks second, is only 2 percentage points at most.

　　However, Fran? ois Fillon, the Republican presidential candidate, and Jean-Luc Melenchon, the candidate of the extreme left-wing "Unyielding France" movement, competed fiercely for three or four places, and at the same time posed a full threat to the two "leaders".

　　After the current French President Hollande decided not to seek re-election, Benoit Amon, the candidate launched by Hollande’s Socialist Party, was also considered to have a low chance of winning. Fillon of the Republican Party suffered a heavy loss because of the "empty reimbursement door". According to the analysis, after the Socialist Party and the Republican Party have been in power for decades, France may welcome candidates outside these two major political parties to win for the first time.

　　According to the rules of the French general election, the candidate with more than 50% of the votes in the first round of voting will be directly elected president, otherwise, the two candidates with the highest votes will enter the second round of voting, and the one with the most votes will win. According to French media, the gap between the four leading candidates is so small that polling agencies dare not rashly predict which two are most likely to enter the second round.

　　[Scandals are frequent, and candidates "have their own troubles"]

　　French presidential candidate Le Pen. (Source: Reuters)

　　Since the beginning of 2017, this year’s French election has been constantly shrouded in the shadow of scandals. Emotional language and attacks against opponents are full of election "challenges", and the competition for policy propositions has taken a back seat.

　　At the beginning of the campaign, the Republican candidate Fillon was one of the most popular candidates. However, France’s "Ya Ming Bao" revealed in January that Fei Yong was suspected of falsely holding the position of assistant to a member of parliament for his wife and children in order to receive a high salary. The "empty door" has seriously lowered Fillon’s public opinion support rate, and he has also been put on file for review. Fillon accused that some people discredited themselves for political purposes, but it did not help to save the support rate.

　　On the other hand, Marina Le Pen of the far right is also facing trouble. She was suspected of pretending to be an assistant to a member of the European Parliament, allowing two assistants to "impersonate" 340,000 euros. In addition, she was accused of spreading bloody images of extremist organizations executing people on social networks, and the European Parliament cancelled her criminal immunity in the investigation of the case.

　　Fei Yong was troubled by the "empty door" and his image was seriously damaged; Le Pen’s ideas are distinct and controversial at the same time. Even if he enters the second round of voting, he may be jointly blocked by supporters of other candidates. Macron, who is "anti-institutional", is 39 years old, and only five years of political experience is his disadvantage … …

　　[Terrorist attacks are frequent, adding a shadow to the Xiang Street gun case]

　　A shooting incident occurred on the Champs Elysé es Avenue, a famous commercial street in Paris, France, on the evening of April 20, causing one death and two injuries to the police, and the gunman was also shot and killed by the police.

　　In this year’s French general election, the most concerned topics are economy and security. Just three days before the voters walked into the polling station, the most prosperous Champs Elysé es in Paris, France was attacked, resulting in one death and two injuries to the police, and the attacker was killed. The "Islamic State" announced responsibility for the attack.

　　Since two serious terrorist attacks in Paris in 2015, France has been shrouded in serious terrorist threats. So far, France is still in a state of emergency. Therefore, how to deal with terrorism and protect French citizens has become one of the core topics in this French election.

　　French media said that the terrorist shooting on the Champs Elysé es made the French sad and angry, and the French presidential election "has never been shrouded in the shadow of terror as it is today".

　　After the attack, Le Pen said: "Our security personnel have once again become targets, and my feelings are with them."

　　Macron said that the first mission as president is to protect the French people. Fillon expressed condolences to the security personnel who died, while Melenchon said on social networking sites that terrorist attacks will never escape punishment. A number of candidates announced the cancellation of the election campaign scheduled for the 21st.

　　Polls show that millions of voters in France have not yet decided who to vote for or whether to participate in the first round of voting. In this case, I am afraid that the tangled situation of the French election has added another layer of variables.

　　[Who will win? Euroscepticism leads the EU to worry]

　　Outside France, the European Union is watching this election with anxiety. European Commissioner Moskovski even worried that "this is the end of Europe as we know it".

　　Populist politicians in other European countries have shown different performances recently: Dutch voters rejected Wilders and supported the status quo; Italy vetoed the establishment; Austria rejected a far-right presidential candidate.

　　Among the four leaders in the French general election, Le Pen and Melenchon are both famous for their "irreconcilable" attitude towards the EU. If the two men enter the "final" on May 7, French voters will have to choose between two extremes. No matter who wins, it may impact the euro, European stocks and European debt markets, and even the European pattern may be reshuffled.

　　Once France withdraws from the EU, the impact may be even greater than that of Brexit. "Deutsche Welle" said that if France withdraws, this form of EU will die so far.

　　The outlook may not be so pessimistic. The current poll figures show that Macron and Le Pen are still more likely to enter the second round. If it is this match, the analysis generally believes that other candidates will join hands to "build a wall" to stop Le Pen, making it difficult for her to cross the second round.

　　However, even if Le Pen and Melenchon fail to win the French election, if they get as much as 40% of the support rate as the opinion polls show, it will undoubtedly be a wake-up call for Brussels. The message of their popularity is clear and unambiguous: the EU and the euro zone must change. (End)

　　Yesterday afternoon, official website, the central bank, made an announcement on the interest rate of newly issued commercial personal housing loans. According to the announcement, since October 8, 2019, the new commercial personal housing loan interest rate has been formed by adding the loan market quotation rate (LPR) of the corresponding period in the latest month as the pricing benchmark. According to the LPR on August 20th, the interest rate of the first individual housing loan newly issued nationwide shall not be lower than 4.85%, and the interest rate of the second home loan shall not be lower than 5.45%.

　　The new deal mortgage interest rate repricing cycle can be agreed.

　　According to the announcement of the central bank, when borrowers apply for commercial personal housing loans, they can negotiate with banking financial institutions to agree on the interest rate repricing period. The minimum repricing period is one year. On the interest rate repricing date, the pricing benchmark is adjusted to the loan market quotation rate for the corresponding period in the latest month. The interest rate repricing period and adjustment method should be clearly defined in the loan contract.

　　In terms of loan interest rate, the interest rate of the first set of commercial personal housing loans shall not be lower than the quoted interest rate of the corresponding term loan market, and the interest rate of the second set of commercial personal housing loans shall not be lower than the quoted interest rate of the corresponding term loan market plus 60 basis points.

　　The reporter noted that on August 20th, the National Inter-bank Funding Center announced the first LPR after the reform, with a one-year level of 4.25%, 10 basis points lower than the benchmark interest rate of one-year loans of 4.35%. The five-year level is 4.85%, which is 5 basis points lower than the benchmark interest rate of 4.90% for five-year loans.

　　The central bank said that October 8 is the conversion date of pricing benchmark. This means that before October 8, commercial personal housing loans that have been issued and commercial personal housing loans that have been signed but not issued will still be implemented according to the original contract. At the same time, the loan interest rate for commercial housing purchase shall not be lower than the quoted loan market interest rate for the corresponding period plus 60 basis points. The interest rate policy of provident fund personal housing loan will not be adjusted for the time being.

　　The analysis has little influence on most buyers.

　　Zhou Jingtong, chief researcher of Bank of China, said that the central bank’s move was a "break between the old and the new". The interest rate of new commercial personal housing loans was formed by adding the quotation rate of the loan market in the latest month as the pricing benchmark. The commercial personal housing loans that have been issued and the commercial personal housing loans that have been signed but not issued are still implemented according to the original contract.

　　Many insiders have analyzed that the central bank’s adjustment of mortgage interest rate according to the new benchmark of LPR is to resolutely implement the positioning that "houses are used for living, not for speculation" and keep the interest rate of personal housing loans basically stable. For the vast majority of buyers, this adjustment has little impact.

　　In the later period, if the LPR interest rate is lowered, according to this regulation of the central bank, the minimum interest rate of the first and second home loans will naturally be lowered, but it should be noted that this only refers to the minimum interest rate, and the actual interest rate will also be affected by regulatory policies and bank credit resources. It is expected that the implementation interest rate will hardly drop significantly and universally in the short term.

　　Beijing Evening News reporter Zhang Pinqiu

No matter P theory (4P, 12P) or C theory (4C) that marketers must be familiar with; Both IMC integrated marketing theory and SMS social marketing theory can be highly refined into "one center and two basic points".

A center refers to "customer-centered"; The two basic points are "the core buying point of customers, namely UBP" and "the key selling point of products, namely USP".

This also enlightens us that everything must focus on the core target customers of products (tangible products and intangible services), and we must clearly know their needs, requirements and expectations. Know their material and spiritual needs, and then be targeted. Otherwise, no matter how well the following work is done, it will not be accepted by them because it cannot deeply impress them.

The refining of the two basic points is a process of "reluctantly giving up what one loves". If every advantage of the product is emphasized, there are bound to be two extremes:

(1) Distract the attention of the target customers. In the age of information explosion and extremely low patience in 2015, customers can’t remember so many advantages of your product. Emphasizing everything means emphasizing nothing. 　 　

2 If you emphasize everything, it is equivalent to taking all similar products and even non-similar related products as competitors. Therefore, we must be single-minded. Because the more unique, the easier it is to be accepted by customers.

The core content of marketing includes the following 11 aspects:

① To whom — Define the core target customer group;

② What to buy — Find out the core buying points of the core customer base;

③ Who will buy it — Study the users and buyers of products;

④ What to sell — The core selling point of refined products;

⑤ Who will sell it — Set up sales team and find agents;

⑥ Where to sell — Choose a sales place;

⑦ How much — Formulate price strategy;

8 Tell him — Tell the buyer;

9 Keep buying — Pay attention to brand building;

Attending to whom — List competitors;

Who do I learn — Set a learning benchmark. 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

In fact, 100% of the marketing content is planned and set by Ying, and 90% is implemented and executed by Ying (Market Operation Department), and less than 10% is executed by Sales Department (Product Sales Department). Therefore, consumers don’t buy because the work of "camp" is not done or done properly, not because the ability of "selling" is not strong. However, as a member of the "marketing" department, although it is not entirely their responsibility to sell products badly and brands have no influence, if they can "sell" from the height of "market", the results will be obviously different. In addition, only those who have "sales" experience can do a good job in "market", so "marketing" and "sales" must be clearly understood, and the cart before the horse cannot be put.

In terms of "marketing" and "marketing", enterprises should attach importance to and support the work of "marketing" and build and enrich the "market operation department". Only in this way can enterprises attach importance to the work of "marketing" from the aspects of people, money and materials, sales can be smooth, brands can be formed and have the opportunity to gradually become synonymous with the industry.

Enterprises may not know how to do it, but they must know what to do and decide when to do it. After enterprise managers attach great importance to the work of "camp", the personnel of market operation department should not only know what to do, but also know how to do it and be able toBalance the relationship between short-term sales and long-term brand building. If the sales staff can sell from the height of the product market, the results will be very different.

Enterprises have too many good products, but because enterprises blindly emphasize the traditional "sales" and ignore the "marketing" work, the sales are not smooth, and the enterprises are finally in trouble. In addition, even in enterprises with "camp" departments or functions, because "camp" is a department that spends money and "sales" is a department that makes money, it has different status in the minds of entrepreneurs. Different status and circumstances make "camp" a subsidiary of "sales". Instead of using "camp" to guide "sales". As an enterprise, we must realize from the bottom of our hearts that "camp" is to spend small money to make big money, and spend today’s money to make money tomorrow, the day after tomorrow or even longer (the brand can be passed down); And "selling" only earns today’s money and the money of existing products (intuitively, it can be determined that this is difficult to inherit).

What is sales? Find a middleman for a product or service and help the middleman put the product in front of consumers, and you will be qualified for the job. It would be excellent if all the payment can be recovered from the middlemen.

As for whether the product can attract consumers’ attention when it is put in front of consumers, whether it can be picked up after attention, whether it can be bought with money after reading it, whether it can be bought repeatedly after buying it, and whether it can be recommended to friends after repeated buying, that is all the work of the camp.

Everyone can be our customers, but we must find out our unique user groups. Only in this way can we attract them with relatively limited resources; Only in this way can we achieve the maximum input-output ratio. Never expect a product to meet all the needs of a specific customer, nor do you expect a product to meet all the specific needs of all customers, let alone a product to meet all the needs of all customers. The clearer the subdivision, the easier it is to refine the commonness, the easier it is to focus on the outstanding, the easier it is to stand out and the easier it is to be accepted by customers.

Marketing "marketing" and "marketing" are related to each other. Enterprises must clearly understand and master "one center and two basic points", and 90% of marketing will drive 10% of marketing, so as to balance the relationship between short-term sales and long-term brand building, spend today’s money to earn tomorrow’s money, the day after tomorrow’s money or even more long-term money, so that brands can have the tension of long-term inheritance, so as to build a long-term foundation of enterprises.

　　On September 21st, Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China attended the general debate of the 71st session of the United Nations General Assembly with the theme of "Sustainable Development Goals: Working Together to Transform Our World" and delivered an important speech entitled "Working Together to Build a Peaceful, Stable and Sustainable World". Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Tao photo

　　Postdoctoral fellow of Zhu Ning and researcher of Peking University National Governance Innovation Center.

　　After arriving in the "Maple Leaf Country", Li Keqiang’s speech in the general debate of the UN General Assembly still echoed in the UN General Assembly Hall: "Support the United Nations and its Security Council to play a leading role in international affairs, and support the continuous reform and improvement of global governance mechanisms to adapt to the new changes in the international political and economic structure." This has always been advocated by the China government, expressing its attitude towards the post-war international order and international relations including the United Nations, and also embedding China’s peaceful development strategy.

　　In the more than 300 years since the decline of modern international relations, the Westphalia system, the Vienna system, the Versailles-Washington system and the Yalta system have disappeared in the historical turbulence in less than 70 years on average. The reform of the international system is often marked by the decline and fall of major hegemonic countries and the transfer of power. Henry Kissinger said in Grand Diplomacy: "It seems that according to some natural law, there will always be a powerful country with strength, will, wisdom and moral motivation in every century to shape the whole international system according to its values."

　　When China’s economic scale leapt to the second place in the world, western research institutions said that China’s total economic output had surpassed that of the United States according to purchasing power parity, so western public opinion imagined a gorgeous picture of China surpassing the United States, and even there was a discussion on G2 model (global governance between China and the United States) in western academic and political circles. Of course, it is more about the global power transfer and the argument that China will inevitably have a conflict with the hegemonic country, the United States. G. Ellison published a famous article entitled "Thucydides Trap Emerged in the Pacific" in the Financial Times, bluntly saying that China is a country that challenges the world order. According to the attitudes and policies towards the existing international order, western international relations theory divides the countries in the world into two categories: one is the "challenger" of the existing international order. One is the "status quo maintainer". This school of realism, rooted in western historical experience, believes that "emerging forces" in the international system will inevitably require changing and breaking the status quo; Those big countries that dominate the existing order strongly demand to maintain the "status quo" and maintain the so-called "leadership" status. According to the phenomenon of the rise and fall of great powers perceived by historians, George Mo Deer proposed the long-period theory: there is a hegemonic country and many emerging countries in each cycle. He asserted that emerging countries will challenge to change the existing international political and economic system. According to the above theory,The mainstream western public opinion arbitrarily concludes that China is a "challenger" country: "The rise of China" will require breaking the existing order that the United States is trying to maintain. Barry buzan, the leader of the English school, put forward in a study: China’s "peaceful rise" is a popular theory, but will she exert influence on the international community after her rise?

　　The current international system with the United Nations at the core and the norms of international relations based on the Charter of the United Nations have maintained peace for the world for more than 70 years and are still effective. As a permanent member of the United Nations, China is the builder, beneficiary and defender of the post-war international order. China abides by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, undertakes the responsibility of being a permanent member of the UN Security Council, and maintains world peace. For example, on the Iranian nuclear issue, the DPRK nuclear issue and other issues, China has also carried out 14 peacekeeping operations in Africa, and is currently the country with the largest number of peacekeeping troops among the permanent members of the UN Security Council. China has also fully demonstrated its responsibility as a responsible big country in areas where global issues are prominent, such as counter-terrorism, economy, finance, climate and environment.

　　China is also deeply involved in the international system. For example, in the economic field, there are international finance, international trade, G-20, BRICS cooperation, international assistance, and cooperation in East Asia; in the political security field, there are climate change, arms control, counter-terrorism, UN peacekeeping, ASEAN Regional Forum; and in the social and cultural field, there are World Health Organization, UNESCO, international human rights mechanism and ASEM mechanism. The depth and breadth of China’s participation in the international system, as well as its ways and contributions, reflect the nature of the relationship between China and the current international system, that is, China participates cooperatively, respecting the international system and participating in multilateral rules while adhering to independent peaceful diplomacy. China is a responsible and important member of the international community and a part of the community of human destiny.

　　Is it a challenger? Or a defender of order? For China’s interests, it is undoubtedly the most advantageous to do the latter. China has made great achievements since the reform and opening up, thanks to the peaceful external environment and the rapid development of global economy. This determines that China is the true defender and builder of post-war order. The strategic interests of a country are based on its strategic identity, which determines its interests and interests determine its behavior. Such a strategic identity also determines the content of China’s national interests and the direction of its strategic behavior, and at the same time determines that China and the leading powers adopt a cooperative strategy rather than a competitive strategy. Why does mainstream western public opinion still hype China as a challenger to the international order? In fact, this is an upgraded version of China threat theory, trying to find a new adversary for the United States after the Cold War, and to justify its global hegemony. As a western scholar said: Some people in the United States are eager to see China rise, because then he can find his enemies.

　　After the demise of the Soviet Union and the end of the bipolar pattern, the international pattern of one superpower and many powers is evolving towards a multipolar world. Compared with the unipolar pattern, the multipolar pattern under the premise of democratization of international relations is in line with China’s national interests. According to structural realists, the international system structure reflects the distribution of national material power, and the so-called "pole" refers to a big country. From this theoretical perspective, if a country’s economy develops to a certain extent, it will inevitably transform its economic strength into military capability and then threaten the interests of the existing major hegemony. However, this purely materialistic theoretical perspective is flawed, so it is criticized and deconstructed by critical theory and social constructivism. Because the meaning of power distribution is largely constructed by the distribution of interests, and the content of interests is constructed by ideas. That is to say, the reason why power and interests have the function they actually have is because the concept of creating power and interests has played a role. From the perspective of historical logic, a country’s strategy of checks and balances is based on the country that poses the greatest threat to itself, not necessarily the most powerful country. This is Stephen Walter’s "threat balance" principle. Therefore, there is no causal relationship between the conclusion that a country’s economic volume is a threat, and it cannot withstand the test of history and reality. No matter for East Asia or the whole world, China’s national strength growth and international threats are not equal. Economic strength is one thing, military capability is another, because it is separated by "Willingness ",— — Only when a country has this "will" can economic strength become military strength. As a country with a population of more than 1.3 billion, the development gap between the east and the west and between urban and rural areas in China is very large, and there is still a long way to go in the process of modernization. Even though military spending is on the rise, it accounts for only 1.4% of GDP, far lower than the 3.2% in the United States. 2.5% in the UK. According to internationally recognized standards, the proportion of military expenditure is 2%-4%, which is a relatively safe range. Since the 16th century, the history of the rise and fall of Spain, the Netherlands, France, Britain, the Soviet Union and other great powers shows that the important reason for the failure of great powers is to pursue unlimited strategic goals with limited strategic resources. Even if a country has more resources, it will inevitably be exhausted. This can be called the "paul kennedy puzzle" in the field of history. Economy and security cannot be neglected, and China will find a golden balance between economic development and safeguarding national security.

　　In the new century, international politics has undergone profound changes, especially since the international financial crisis in 2008, with the rapid rise of emerging market countries and the relative decline of the West, the international pattern has undergone structural changes. Because the distribution of power between countries constitutes the basic form and power to control the international system, its change will inevitably bring about the change of the system composed of countries, which will lead to the global transfer of power. Based on this, some scholars put forward the concepts of "two superpowers and many strengths", which reflect the contrast between China and the United States, and the hypothesis of the change of power between the East and the West. Historically, superpowers will eventually disappear in the international political changes with the increasing role of regional countries and non-governmental organizations, and the "pole" will also disappear and become a historical phenomenon. A world without promise will emerge.

　　Such an era also raises a big question for China: How to deal with, participate in and contribute to the future international order? In his speech at the general debate of the UN General Assembly, Li Keqiang said that "China supports the reform and improvement of the global governance mechanism". Is to answer this question. How to participate in global governance in the "China way"? After the end of the cold war, there has been a major change in international politics, that is, the nature of challenges and threats is different from before. In the past, it was a territorial threat from country to country. Now this traditional threat still exists, but another threat, such as transnational threat and global threat, has emerged in large numbers. With the rapid growth of economy and the rapid promotion of comprehensive national strength, China has greatly enhanced its influence on the international political order. China’s global governance plan is rooted in the concern for the common destiny of mankind, opposing unilateralism and hegemonism, opposing "peace under the rule of the United States" and advocating strengthening the role of the United Nations, solving common problems of all countries through international cooperation, and striving to establish a new international political and economic order. Global governance itself is a process of consultation, participation and identity remodeling. To truly change the chaos of global governance, we need to take a pluralistic world outlook, a partnership thinking mode and participate in the practical activities of the governance process, thus building a real global society.

　　To cope with the above global challenges and threats, we need global governance under the consultation of big powers and consultative governance between big powers and emerging countries. This kind of "cooperative governance" will pave the way for peace in the new global order. In this sense, the rise of emerging powers has created opportunities and brought vitality to the entire international system, enabling cooperation between countries to be built on a broader platform. The participation of emerging powers, including China, in global governance will inevitably play a constructive role in this governance process, and, like what RCEP and G20 have done, they will deeply participate in the formulation of international rules and systems dominated and monopolized by western countries for a long time, thus showing the vibrant side of global pluralistic civilization.

　　CCTV News:According to the "Hangzhou Education Release" WeChat WeChat official account news, in order to promote education equity, according to the spirit of the relevant documents from higher authorities, Hangzhou Education Bureau has developed the Notice on Further Improving the Allocation and Enrollment of Ordinary Senior High Schools in Hangzhou (draft for comments), and jointly with relevant municipal departments, the Notice on Further Standardizing and Improving the Plus Points for Senior High School Entrance Examination in Hangzhou (draft for comments) has been developed, which are now open to the public for comments.

Notice on further standardizing and perfecting the extra points for the senior high school entrance examination in Hangzhou

(Draft for Comment)

　　In order to thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and promote education equity, we hereby further standardize and improve the bonus items for the junior high school level examination (hereinafter referred to as the senior high school entrance examination) in Hangzhou (referring to Shangcheng District, Gongshu District, Xihu District, Binjiang District, Qiantang District and Xihu Scenic Area, hereinafter referred to as the urban area).

　　I. Basic principles

　　Adhere to laws and regulations, make precise policies, and promote educational equity. Strictly implement the bonus items and bonus points that have been clearly defined in relevant provincial documents, and further standardize and improve the bonus items for the urban senior high school entrance examination with reference to the spirit of the Implementation Plan for Further Deepening the Reform of the College Entrance Examination in Zhejiang Province.

　　Second, perfect bonus items

　　(1) Retained bonus points

　　1.　Children of soldiers, children of national comprehensive fire rescue team personnel, children of public security heroes and disabled public security policemen who died in the line of duty.

　　2.　Returned overseas Chinese, overseas Chinese children, returned overseas Chinese children and candidates from Taiwan Province province (including Taiwan Province household registration).

　　(2) Standardized and perfect bonus items

　　1.　The bonus points for minority candidates are adjusted to minority candidates in ethnic townships (towns) and ethnic villages (candidates must receive compulsory education in the local area). This bonus item is reserved until 2026.

　　2.　The bonus points for returned overseas students with their children are adjusted to students who have lived abroad for more than 360 days (inclusive) with their parents studying abroad during junior high school.

　　3.　The bonus points for students from Hong Kong and Macao will be adjusted to the children of Hong Kong and Macao compatriots (at least one of the parents of the candidates is a permanent resident of Hong Kong and Macao).

　　(3) Cancelled bonus items

　　Children of foreign Chinese get extra points in the senior high school entrance examination.

　　After the specification is improved, the bonus points of each bonus item will remain unchanged.

　　This policy will be implemented from 2023.Xiaoshan District, Yuhang District, Linping District, Fuyang District, Lin ‘an District, Tonglu County, Chun ‘an County and jiande city can refer to the implementation.

Notice of Hangzhou Education Bureau on Further Improving the Allocation and Enrollment of Ordinary Senior High Schools in Hangzhou City

(Draft for Comment)

　　In order to further implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, implement the relevant requirements of the Ministry of Education and the Provincial Department of Education on the examination management of compulsory education schools and the competition management of primary and secondary school students, promote the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education, and promote educational equity, the allocation and enrollment methods of ordinary high schools in Hangzhou (referring to Shangcheng District, Gongshu District, Xihu District, Binjiang District, Qiantang District and Xihu Scenic Area, hereinafter referred to as urban areas) are adjusted as follows.

　　First, the conditions of enrollment targets

　　Students who meet the following three requirements can participate in quota allocation and enrollment:

　　1.Fresh graduates of junior high schools in urban areas who meet the qualifications of all kinds of senior high schools in urban areas.

　　2.The comprehensive quality evaluation results of junior high school students meet the pre-conditions of relevant senior high school enrollment.

　　3.In the junior high school stage, the fresh graduates who are studying in the same junior high school in the urban area, including the junior high school graduates in 2024 and the junior high school graduates in 2025 (that is, the second semester of the 2022 school year to the junior high school graduation), should be studying in the same junior high school in the urban area.

　　Second, the quota allocation method

　　The allocation of enrollment places is still based on the number of fresh graduates from junior high schools in urban areas. The municipal and district education administrative departments shall determine the quota allocation ratio according to the enrollment plan of ordinary high schools and the total number of fresh graduates of urban junior high schools, and allocate the quota to junior high schools in a balanced way.

　　Third, the enrollment methods

　　1.Volunteer to fill in the report. Before the junior high school level examination (hereinafter referred to as the senior high school entrance examination), eligible candidates shall fill in the quota allocation and enrollment school volunteers (up to 3 enrollment school volunteers can be filled in).

　　2.Draw the basic control score line. After the senior high school entrance examination, the Municipal Education Bureau demarcates the basic control score line of urban quota allocation students’ enrollment according to the number of various high school enrollment plans. Candidates whose scores in the senior high school entrance examination have reached the basic control score line will be valid if they fill in the distribution volunteers.

　　3.Admission. According to the admission rules of parallel volunteer, the distribution students are enrolled school by school.

　　This "Notice" will be implemented from 2024 (that is, students in the second grade of junior high school).

Fukuyama Masaharu’s new film plays paparazzi

　 　 1905 movie network news Fukuyama Masaharu, a Japanese actor who made his 25th debut, decided to star in director Hitoshi Ohne’s new film, and Fukuyama played a paparazzi reporter who secretly photographed the entertainment scandal. This is Fukuyama’s second starring role in the film.

　 　 The hero played by Fukuyama is named Ducheng Jing, who used to be the gossip magazine SCOOP! A reporter who specializes in taking exclusive photos, he is still a middle-aged paparazzi who specializes in secretly taking pictures of entertainment scandals in middle age. He is a character who has a sloppy hairstyle and beard, likes gambling at ordinary times and owes gambling debts. The story tells the story of the former tabloid reporter Du Chengjing, who caused a bigger incident after capturing the exclusive news. In addition to Fukuyama, Nikaidou Fumi plays the newcomer reporter Xing Chuan Wildfire; Yoshida sheep and Kenichi Takitoh are deputy editors; Lily Franky plays a strange informant who provides secret information.

　 　 Talking about the feeling of acting, Fukuyama said, "I used to play the role of positive energy, but this time it’s finally different, and I’m still working with Hitoshi Ohne, an excellent director of my age. This is an entertainment film full of joyful elements, which makes me feel a little lonely even after leaving the role. Please look forward to it! "

　 　 This film is the third film directed by director Hitoshi Ohne independently after "Dream Eaters Live Edition". Hitoshi Ohne said, "This work is something I really want to shoot and plan for many years. When I planned to invite Fukuyama Masaharu to play the leading role, this work came to my mind. The film contains thrilling, erotic, sensitive and other elements. I think there are no two people except Fukuyama Masaharu. " It shows Hitoshi Ohne’s trust and expectation for Fukuyama.

　 　 The film SCOOP! It was launched in early October and is expected to be released in Japan in the autumn of 2016.

　　[Pacific Auto Network] Since humans began to use electricity, anxiety about the use of electricity has always existed. Even the appearance of batteries for storing electric energy only slightly eased this anxiety. Just like the hot electric car in the world now, even if there is a fresh experience, it is still impossible to avoid the anxiety caused by battery life.

　　The direct impact of batteries on electric vehicles has also made major new energy sources and battery supplies rack their brains to promote ways to increase battery life. However, whether it is the physical battery stacking scheme, the method of changing the electrolyte composition or even the material form of the battery, the battery life can’t even show a normal state in the face of low temperature. How to keep the battery warm and warm at low temperature has become the key to fight against this "battery killer".

　　In the process of developing and using the battery, we already know that the battery has a normal working temperature range, and the actual use effect of the battery will be greatly reduced in a low temperature environment, so the battery needs a good thermal management to keep it warm in this environment.

　　On April 21st, Changan Deep Blue Brand, a subsidiary of Changan Automobile, held a deep blue technology sharing meeting, at which an item named "Micronucleus High Frequency Pulse Heating Technology" was announced.

　　Just listening to this name, we know that this technology is definitely aimed at the battery thermal management system, especially the word pulse heating exists. Looking back at the technology announced by Chang ‘an this time, in fact, its idea is not complicated. Under the condition of constant heating, let the battery pack heat up more quickly and evenly, so that the battery pack can reach a suitable working environment at low temperature as soon as possible.

Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited patent CN 108711662 B pulse heating device

　　In principle, it is actually based on a patented technology published by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited. This patent takes advantage of the characteristic that the internal resistance increases due to low temperature. By installing devices that can generate oscillating current at both ends of the battery, the current passes through the battery cells with large internal resistance, so that a lot of heat is generated inside the battery, and finally the battery temperature rises rapidly.

　　Although this heating method can make Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited’s battery pack reach the heating efficiency of 4℃/min, it is easy for the lithium ions in the lithium battery to form dendritic metallic lithium in the process of reduction on the negative electrode, that is, "lithium dendrites". The growth of "lithium dendrite" to a certain extent will affect it slightly, and it will cause internal short circuit of lithium battery, which will seriously threaten personal safety.

　　Therefore, in order to avoid lithium dendrites on the negative electrode of the battery due to frequent over-charging, Changan slightly improved this technology based on Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited’s technology, and chose to use alternating current to generate current for heating the battery pack.

　　Why do you have to mention alternating current? In the previous battery self-heating technology, the current generated was DC. According to the physical definition, the current whose magnitude and direction do not change in unit time is called direct current. Looking back at the conditions for the generation of "lithium dendrites", it is too late for the negative electrode to treat lithium ions during the discharge process, resulting in the appearance of metallic lithium.

　　The negative electrode of the battery that needs breathing time is easy to reach the limit in the face of constant output of direct current, and then it is easy to appear "lithium dendrite". Therefore, in order to weaken this "invariability", it is necessary to give the negative electrode some breathing space, and alternating current with periodic changes in the magnitude and direction of current per unit time is more suitable for this work.

　　Unlike direct current, alternating current does not always keep a constant value, but it always keeps a periodic change of positive value -0- negative value -0- positive value. It is precisely because of this unsteady characteristic of alternating current that the burden on the negative electrode of the battery can be reduced, thus reducing the probability of lithium dendrites.

　　At the same time, Chang ‘an also mentioned the semiconductor IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) at the meeting. IGBT is a switch that is either on or off. It has no function of amplifying voltage. When it is on, it can be regarded as a conductor, and when it is off, it can be regarded as an open circuit. Coupled with the cooperation of the motor and BMS system, random high-frequency current charging and discharging switching can be realized, which further reduces the occurrence of lithium dendrite.

　　The dark blue C385 power battery pack officially announced by Chang ‘an can keep the heating rate of 4℃/ at the ambient temperature of minus 30℃, and can improve the power performance by 50% and shorten the charging time by 15% at the ambient temperature of minus 30℃. From the data point of view, the improved "battery self-heating" technology is not only more efficient, but also has a longer battery life, which is quite good news for users in low temperature areas.

　　At present, the mainstream types of batteries on the market can be divided into two types according to the element types, namely ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries. The biggest difference between them is the different cathode materials used.

　　Lithium iron phosphate battery uses Ferrous lithium phosphate (PO4) as cathode material. Its advantage is that it is very safe at high temperature or overcharge, but its disadvantage is that at low temperature (below -10℃), the lithium phosphate battery decays very quickly. After less than 100 charge and discharge cycles, the battery capacity will drop to 20% of the initial capacity, which is basically insulated from the use in cold areas.

　　Ternary lithium batteries are lithium batteries made of lithium nickel cobalt manganate (Li(NiCoMn)O2, NCM) or lithium nickel cobalt aluminate (NCA). Nickel salt, cobalt salt and manganese salt are adjusted in different proportions, so they are called "ternary". For example, NCM811 in Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited means that the ratio of nickel, cobalt and manganese is 8:1:1.

　　The advantage of ternary lithium battery is its high energy density, both of which are made in Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited. The energy density of its lithium iron phosphate battery is 178Wh/kg, while that of NCM523 is 200Wh/kg and that of NCM811 is 240Wh/kg. In terms of low temperature, ternary lithium battery can also maintain normal battery capacity at -30℃, which is more suitable for the use conditions in the northern low temperature area. The disadvantage is that the ternary material of ternary lithium battery will decompose at 200℃ at high temperature, and it is easy to burn or explode at high temperature.

　　Although the materials, advantages and disadvantages of the above two batteries are different, from a microscopic point of view, their working principles are also the process of lithium ion migration back and forth between the positive and negative electrodes.

　　In the low temperature environment, the activity of the anode and cathode materials of the battery decreases, and the conductivity of the electrolyte as a bridge also decreases. Therefore, when the battery is charged and discharged, there will be resistance inside, which is called internal resistance. When the internal resistance of the battery increases, during the normal use of the battery, a lot of Joule heat will be generated to cause the battery temperature to rise. Experiments show that when the environment is below 0℃, the internal resistance will increase by about 15% for every 10℃ drop in temperature.

　　Being hindered by internal resistance, trying to exert force can only lead to excessive discharge of the battery, and the electric energy is continuously converted into heat energy, which not only reduces the power, can’t output power normally, but also easily affects the safety of the battery. All these results are caused by the low temperature environment.

　　In order to solve this problem, in addition to the latest "pulse self-heating" technology mentioned above, in fact, suppliers and manufacturers have done a lot of "warm" measures.

PTC element

Heating film

　　At present, there are several common schemes. The first one is PTC and heating film selected by most pure electric vehicles. The idea of this scheme is to heat the battery through external electric heating elements to improve the battery temperature. There are two kinds of PTC: water heating and air heating. Water heating heats the coolant through PTC and then exchanges heat with radiator. Air heating means that after the warm air is turned on, the cold air directly exchanges heat with PTC and finally blows out warm air. The heating film is like covering the battery with a conductive heating quilt, but both of them have obvious shortcomings. PTC is easy to cause uneven heating and occupy the space of the battery compartment. Because of the safety, the overall cost of the heating film is not low, and the actual heating efficiency is not high.

　　Another scheme is the liquid cooling circulation system, which is like adding a set of heating to the battery pack, and heating the coolant to obtain a long-term heat source. Another scheme is heat pump air conditioning. The whole principle is like the forced extraction of atmospheric heat into the car, but when the ambient temperature is too low, the heat pump is easy to fail, so a "magic change" is also made, which not only extracts the heat from the outside air, but also collects the waste heat generated by the power battery system, the drive system and the PCS power electronics. The whole system relies on the eight-way reversing valve for complex heat extraction, so as to improve the overall efficiency of the heat pump air conditioning.

Cancel the restrictions on the movement of used cars nationwide, and the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Commerce interprets-
Accelerated release of consumption potential in used car market

Recently, the Ministry of Commerce, together with the Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other 16 departments, issued the "Several Measures on Invigorating Automobile Circulation and Expanding Automobile Consumption", proposing "supporting the large-scale development of used car circulation, and strictly implementing the policy of completely canceling the restrictions on the movement of used cars in all regions". In this regard, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Commerce said in an interview with this reporter that after the removal restriction policy is completely abolished, used cars will further realize free circulation throughout the country, and the supply of automobile products in various places will be more abundant, which will enhance the adaptability between supply and demand and better meet the demand for automobile consumption.

Recently, the Ministry of Commerce, together with the Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other 16 departments, issued the "Several Measures on Invigorating Automobile Circulation and Expanding Automobile Consumption" (hereinafter referred to as "Several Measures"), proposing "supporting the large-scale development of used car circulation, and strictly implementing the policy of completely canceling the restrictions on the movement of used cars in various regions". What is the background for the "Several Measures" to cancel the policy of restricting the movement of used cars? What new measures are there to accelerate the active second-hand car market? The reporter interviewed the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Commerce.

Second-hand cars will further realize free circulation throughout the country.

Restricting the removal of used cars has always been a prominent problem that restricts the construction of a unified national automobile market. In the past few years, the State Council has deployed many times, and relevant departments and localities have conscientiously implemented it, and continued to promote the cancellation of the policy of restricting the movement of used cars, and achieved positive results.

According to the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Commerce, some enterprises and the masses have reported that since the implementation of the national sixth emission standard for new cars nationwide, a few places have "added policy" to used cars, requiring foreign countries to transfer used cars to meet the national sixth emission standard, and vehicles with national fifth emission standards are not allowed to move in. At the same time, there are still some places that violate the existing regulations of the state and restrict the movement of used cars that meet the emission standards of in-use cars, which hinders the free circulation of used cars across regions, restricts the operation of enterprises and inhibits the automobile consumption demand of the masses, which has been strongly reflected by all parties.

In order to solve these problems, in May, the State Council issued a "package of policies and measures to stabilize the economy", which clearly required that the policy of restricting the movement of used cars be completely abolished. The "Several Measures" have further refined and implemented this to ensure that this measure will be effective as soon as possible. The first is to clarify the scope requirements. That is to say, it is required to implement this policy nationwide, including key areas for air pollution prevention and control, and promote the free circulation of used cars that meet the national five emission standards. The second is to clarify the time requirements. In a few areas, the policy of lifting the restriction on relocation has made slow progress. In order to ensure that this measure will be effective as soon as possible, it is further clarified that this measure will be fully implemented from August 1 this year.

According to the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Commerce, according to the analysis of relevant institutions, at present, the flow of used cars in China generally presents a regional feature from first-and second-tier cities to third-and fourth-tier cities. After the removal restriction policy is completely abolished, used cars will further realize the free circulation throughout the country, promote the rich supply of automobile products in various places, enhance the adaptability between supply and demand, better meet the demand for automobile consumption, satisfy people’s yearning for a better life, and achieve good economic and social benefits.

The person in charge said that the Ministry of Commerce will closely follow the progress of the implementation of local policies with relevant departments, do a good job of supervision and inspection, and ensure that the policies are fully implemented and effective as soon as possible.

Thoroughly get through the difficulties in the circulation of used cars.

Used cars are an important link in the whole life cycle of automobiles. Invigorating the circulation of used cars can revitalize the stock of cars and increase the consumption of new cars, which plays a very important role in promoting the consumption of cars.

China’s car ownership has exceeded 300 million, ranking first in the world. After the car ownership reaches a certain level, the second-hand car market begins to increase in volume, which is the universal law of automobile consumption in the world. In 2021, China’s second-hand car trading volume reached 17.59 million, less than 6% of the car ownership, far below the proportion of the international mature car market. The problems of cross-regional restrictions on the movement of second-hand cars, unclear commodity attributes, and limited distribution business have seriously hindered the development of the second-hand car market.

According to the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Commerce, on the basis of systematic combing and extensive investigation, the Ministry of Commerce has put forward a series of measures to comprehensively develop the circulation of used cars, hoping to completely break through the difficulties in the circulation of used cars, so that used cars can gradually standardize transactions, circulate freely and consume with confidence like new cars. These measures cover almost all aspects and fields of second-hand car circulation, from the registration of market entities to filing, to the accounting treatment and invoice issuance of second-hand cars, and then to the cross-regional circulation and transfer registration of vehicles. In addition to the total cancellation of the policy of restricting relocation, the "Several Measures" also include the following aspects-

Support the development of distribution business and promote scale development. Enterprise distribution mode is the main circulation channel of the mature international used car market, accounting for about 70%. China’s used car market is dominated by the "broker+individual" model, and the problem of "small and weak" in the industry is prominent. To this end, the "Several Measures" require the abolition of unreasonable restrictions on the development of second-hand car distribution, and it is clear that enterprises with registered residences and business premises outside the second-hand car trading market can carry out second-hand car sales business. At the same time, because natural persons can’t issue sales invoices to the purchasing enterprises as sellers when selling used cars, in order to facilitate the people to sell cars and business operations, used car enterprises are allowed to issue invoices as buyers, that is, "reverse invoicing", and handle the transfer registration procedures accordingly.

Optimize transaction registration management and promote efficient circulation. The "Several Measures" clarify that the second-hand cars distributed by enterprises should be accounted for as "inventory goods" like new cars, and a separate endorsement should be made when the vehicles are transferred and registered, and a temporary number plate should be issued, which greatly optimizes the transaction registration process; For cities where automobile purchases are restricted, it is clear that the second-hand cars purchased by automobile sales enterprises and used for sales do not occupy the number plate index, further reducing the operating costs of enterprises and facilitating the circulation of second-hand car transactions.

Promote the professional, large-scale and standardized development of used car circulation

The "Several Measures" proposes to restrict natural persons from selling three or more used cars that have been held for less than one year in a natural year. In this regard, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Commerce said that this measure is more specific, but it plays an important role in promoting the professional, large-scale and standardized development of used car circulation.

This policy meets the needs of the development of used car circulation and the demands of the industry. According to the current regulations, individuals do not have to pay value-added tax when selling used cars, and they are tax-free. However, distribution enterprises should levy value-added tax according to a certain proportion of sales when selling used cars. For this reason, some second-hand car distribution enterprises carry out second-hand car distribution business in the name of brokers, and trade the vehicles under the name of individuals, resulting in the phenomenon of individual "backtracking". At present, the circulation of second-hand cars in China is dominated by "brokers+individuals", which leads to the "small and weak" industry, and has a negative impact on society, resulting in unfair competition and many transaction disputes, which has dampened consumer confidence and become a drawback of the industry. The industry calls for effective policies to effectively regulate this phenomenon.

This measure also draws lessons from the experience of the mature international automobile market. The Ministry of Commerce has fully investigated the management of second-hand car circulation in developed countries. The circulation of second-hand car transactions in developed countries is very common and there are many mature experiences and practices. For example, if an individual sells a certain number of used cars within a certain period of time, he is recognized as a used car dealer. At this time, he can no longer trade in his own name, and must pay taxes according to law. He must express his car condition information to the next distribution enterprise and consumers, and he must also bear the responsibility of quality assurance. The Ministry of Commerce also draws lessons from these international advanced practices.

This measure will not affect the normal car sales behavior of the majority of car owners. The starting point of this measure is to eliminate the phenomenon of individual "back-selling" and will not affect individual car sales. The number of cars in China has exceeded 300 million, and the number of individual owners is 215 million. Among the 215 million car owners, there are about 2 million car owners who own more than three or more cars. The Ministry of Commerce has conducted in-depth research. Among these 2 million car owners, it is rare to sell more than three cars that have been held for less than one year in one year. Therefore, this measure will not affect the normal car sales behavior of individuals. At the same time, this measure also reserved a half-year transition period, which also reserved sufficient time for reasonably guiding market expectations and ensuring a smooth transition of policies. (Reporter Kelly)

Original abstract of big data of bacteria

Produced by Big Data Digest

Author: Caleb

There is a new member in the world space race.

At 4pm local time on June 21st, South Korea’s self-developed launch vehicle "World" was launched from the Luo Lao Space Center in Gaoxing County, Jeollanam-do, and successfully separated from the satellite in the 700km synchronous orbit, successfully sending the satellite into the scheduled orbit.

This is the first time that a Korean-made rocket has completed a satellite launch mission, which also makes South Korea the seventh country in the world to put a satellite weighing more than 1 ton into orbit with a Chinese-made rocket, which is just as famous as Russia, the United States, France, China, Japan and India, and demonstrates its ability to launch spy satellites and build long-range missiles by itself.

The launch of the "World" also encountered various challenges. It was originally scheduled to be launched on June 15th, but it was forced to be postponed for one day due to windy weather. Then, due to abnormal data, the launch plan originally scheduled for June 16th was postponed again.

"World" is the first launch vehicle independently developed by South Korea. A total of 250 researchers participated in the research and development process, aiming at sending a 1.5-ton practical satellite into low earth orbit (600-800 km).

The whole project took about 12 years, with a total investment of nearly 2 trillion won (about 1.68 billion US dollars).

Nearly 30 years after South Korea launched its first rocket for scientific observation in June 1993, South Korean President Yin Xiyue celebrated: "Now the road to the universe has been opened from the land of South Korea, which is the product of difficult challenges in the past 30 years."

Former President Moon Jae in also wrote a post on Facebook praising KARI for "accomplishing great things" and said that the next goal is the moon.

South Korea officially joined the ranks of countries that have developed their own spontaneous rockets.

For decades, South Korea has always been obsessed with self-developed rockets.

They not only hope to be able to launch communications and other satellites in orbit by launching self-developed rockets, thus ranking among the elite national clubs in space, but also hope to better detect potential threats from other countries through satellite identification.

In 2013, after many delays and failures, South Korea put a satellite into orbit for the first time, mainly for research and development.

However, the two-stage rocket "Ronald" used for this mission was jointly built with Russia. This time, it cost nearly 1.9 trillion won (US$ 1.5 billion) to develop "World", which is called -II(Korea Space Launch Vehicle-II, and it is completely self-developed.

In October last year, in the first test shot of "World", the rocket sent a 1.5-ton simulated satellite into space 434 miles from the Earth. However, due to problems with the oxidizer tank, the satellite was burned earlier than planned and failed to stay in the scheduled orbit.

In this test launch, "World" not only carried a 1.3-ton simulation satellite, but also carried a 357-pound performance verification satellite. This is undoubtedly a major technological breakthrough for South Korea.

Ahn Sang-il, a senior researcher at Korea Aerospace Research Institute, said that this performance verification satellite will help scientists prepare to launch more satellites in the future, test antennas, generators and other satellite components, and transmit their trajectory data to Earth.

Attached to the performance verification satellite are four mini research satellites CubeSats, which were built by Korean University. These satellites weighing between 7 and 21 pounds will be released into orbit one by one from June 29th.

South Korea’s Ministry of Science and Technology said that only nine countries in the world have the ability to launch rockets by themselves, and only six of them can launch more than 1 metric ton of practical satellites; South Korea has mastered the relevant development and launch pad construction technology, becoming the seventh country with the ability to develop medium and large liquid rocket engines.

New research and development plans and launch plans are on the agenda.

The success of this launch plan has also made South Korea’s rocket launch plan more convincing.

It is understood that South Korea plans to conduct four test launches of the "World" system before 2027, and the latest one is tentatively scheduled for early next year. At the same time, South Korea is still developing a new rocket, which will be more than twice as powerful as the "World".

Not only that, South Korea also hopes to develop and use self-developed rockets to send unmanned spacecraft to the moon in the 1930s.

South Korea hopes to make full use of its rocket technology to build satellite-based navigation and next-generation communication networks. For example, it occupies a place in the world satellite launch market. At present, most rocket launches in the world are carried out by the United States, Russian, French, China, Japanese and Indian.

So far, South Korea has been relying on other countries to transport its satellites.

In July last year, South Korea used Musk SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket to put its first military communication satellite into orbit. According to the plan, they will launch a lunar orbiter this fall, also using Falcon 9 rocket.

The launch of the self-developed rocket is also a good thing for South Korea’s military. Without its own military satellite, South Korea has been using American satellites to guard against neighboring countries. Nowadays, self-developed rockets also mean that South Korea can put its own "clairvoyance" and "clairvoyance" in space.

South Korea and the dream of self-developed rockets

South Korea’s economic and technological strength, looking at the world, is still relatively powerful.

In 2020, South Korea’s GDP reached 1.6 trillion US dollars, higher than that of Russia. In terms of science and technology, the most powerful thing in South Korea is the semiconductor manufacturing industry. At present, in addition to TSMC, the other company in the world that can realize the mass production of CPU 5nm process is Samsung.

However, CPU and self-developed rocket are still two different things.

In the research and development of rockets, launch vehicles need to send satellites, manned spacecraft, interplanetary detectors and other spacecraft into space, generally with 2 ~ 4 levels. One of the most important components is the rocket engine. In the launching mission of the two-stage carrier rocket "Ronald", the first stage was made in Russia and the second stage was made in South Korea.

After the failure of the "World" mission last year, South Korea’s Minister of Science, Technology, Information and Communication, Lin Huishu, said that the main problem was the third-stage engine, which failed to reach the target of burning for 521 seconds, and stopped working early at 475 seconds, resulting in insufficient speed and failure to send the satellite into the established orbit. At present, it is speculated that it is not the cause of fuel shortage or rocket engine failure. It may be that there is a problem with the pressure system or parts fail to meet the expected performance, and it may also be that the valve is mistakenly started.

However, the success of the first and second stage separation, fairing throwing and three-stage engine ignition is the expected result, which shows that South Korea’s space technology has reached a certain level. The first-stage rocket is composed of four 75-ton thrust liquid engines, which can generate 300-ton thrust. It is reported that this technology is adopted for the first time by Korean domestic launch vehicles, and it is also one of the biggest difficulties in this research and development project.

Huang Zhicheng, an aerospace expert from China, said in an interview that the carrying capacity of "World" has surpassed that of the Long March-1 carrier rocket that launched China’s first artificial satellite Dongfanghong-1, but its overall performance is still inferior to that of the Long March-2 carrier rocket developed by China in the 1970s.

Failure is the past, and now the successful launch of the self-developed rocket is undoubtedly a tonic. It is estimated that from 2023 to 31, the South Korean government will invest 1 trillion 933 billion won (about 1.62 billion US dollars) in projects including launching large satellites in low orbit and independently launching lunar landing ships.

With South Korea officially joining the ranks of countries that have developed their own spontaneous rockets, the future space competition will become more and more fierce, and such a future is still worth looking forward to.

Related reports:

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/21/world/asia/south-korea-rocket-launch-nuri.html?

https://www.engadget.com/south-korea-nuri-rocket-launch-satellite-161225369.html

https://cacnews.ca/128809.html

https://military.china.com/news/13004177/20211022/40192805_all.html#page_2

Original title: "twice postponed, South Korea launched its own research rocket and became the seventh satellite launcher in the world! Moon Jae in: The next goal is the moon.

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