On April 18th, 20 webcasting platforms, including Sina, Sohu, Youku and Baidu, jointly issued the Convention on Self-discipline of Beijing Webcasting Industry (hereinafter referred to as the Convention). The Convention covers the following contents: anchors need real-name authentication, webcasting videos should be kept for no less than 15 days, and no registration channels should be provided for anchors under the age of 18.
Recently, the reporter interviewed Shen Rui, captain of the network law enforcement team of the Beijing Cultural Law Enforcement Corps. Shen Rui said that the Convention was jointly drafted by the Beijing Cultural Law Enforcement Corps and the Beijing Network Culture Association. During the drafting process, the opinions of all webcast platforms in Beijing were solicited twice, and finally the content of the Convention was formed.
Shen Rui said that at present, the Beijing Cultural Law Enforcement Corps has started to monitor relevant webcast platforms in accordance with the Convention, and will announce the first batch of blacklists of anchors in May. These blacklisted anchors will no longer be employed by the webcast platform.
□ Talk about hot spots
The national live broadcast mode will be constrained.
Shen Rui introduced that some webcasting platforms are now implementing the nationwide live broadcast mode in their business models. National live broadcast refers to any registered user of the live broadcast website, who can realize live broadcast without identity audit.
What are the problems in the business model of national live broadcast? Shen Rui said that this way of national live broadcast is very dangerous. Once the live broadcast content is involved in drugs, pornography and violence, the anchor will suddenly broadcast it after accumulating a certain popularity, which will have a great impact on society and there is no way to recover it. In addition, for enterprises, the operational risk is very high. Once there is a bad social impact, enterprises may be completely shut down by the government or shut down for rectification.
The reporter learned that the first item in the Convention is to require the authentication of the anchor. Shen Rui said that at present, the Beijing Cultural Law Enforcement Corps has asked the webcast platform to adjust its mode.
There will be more and more star live broadcasts.
When talking about actress Tamia Liu’s live broadcast in Yingke, she gained more than 700,000 viewers and more than 200,000 yuan in rewards in two hours. Shen Rui said that the law enforcement corps did not comment on the business model of such websites, but the stars went to the live broadcast platform, indicating that the live broadcast has begun to have an impact on the traditional video industry. Many stars gradually shifted their attention from newspapers, periodicals and television to the network, especially the live broadcast platform. This phenomenon will be more and more in the future, and even some websites are preparing to open a specific live broadcast room for specific stars. At the same time, it is also a business operation mode.
According to Shen Rui, there are currently more than 30 webcasting enterprises in Beijing, and there are about 40 if you add large websites that operate live programs. According to the statistics of relevant ministries and commissions, there are about 200 webcasting enterprises in China. Although the number is small, there are many internet companies preparing to invest in webcasting. Recently, almost every week, one or two enterprises have entered this industry.
□ Talk about problems
Mixed vulgar content in live broadcast
Shen Rui said that since last year, there have been many obscene and vulgar contents such as "live broadcast creating people" on the webcast platform. Shen Rui said that in terms of content, the main problem is that some videos contain obscene pornography and vulgar content. There are three reasons for this situation. On the one hand, it is the anchor’s own reasons; On the one hand, it is the lack of supervision responsibility of network enterprises; Another reason is that some enterprises are promoting the fermentation of such events for the sake of earning investment.
Shen Rui said that in the field of webcasting, the mainstream is still good, and there is still a lot of positive energy content. At the same time, webcasting provides a platform for the public to show themselves, and even a platform for making stars. The reason why the public left a bad impression on webcasting is related to the fact that a few enterprises tried to attract attention through vulgar and pornographic content in order to earn traffic and then gain investment or financing. Through this kind of hype, the problems existing in the live webcast are magnified.
"As an anchor, there is an impulse to pursue online celebrity and an impulse to make a profit." Shen Rui said that some anchors rely on "detachment" to win their attention, but it should be said that statistically speaking, this anchor group has little profit from live broadcast of obscene or vulgar performances. It can also be seen from here that the audience is not willing to pay for watching such live broadcasts. The live content that can really make a profit is a talent performance. "This kind of live broadcast can make the audience get positive energy, and this kind of content is what the audience is willing to pay."
The platform is responsible for vulgar content.
If there is obscene and pornographic content in the live broadcast, is it the responsibility of the anchor or the network platform? Shen Rui said that at present, there is no clear regulation on the division of responsibilities. In the process of law enforcement, the Beijing Cultural Law Enforcement Corps has three criteria. At first glance, the duration of obscene video, if the pornographic video live broadcast lasts for more than 3 minutes, belongs to poor platform supervision. Second, if the obscene content lasts for a short time, but it appears for several days in a row, it is the platform’s responsibility that it belongs to the platform and is not found. Third, if the content of the question to be broadcast live is pre-announced, or there is speculation afterwards, and the platform does not handle it in time and review the title, this is also the responsibility of the platform.
For example, the previous Betta TV "Live Making Man" event was announced on Weibo before the live broadcast.
In addition, Shen Rui said that in specific incidents, the Beijing Cultural Law Enforcement Corps will distinguish which party has the greatest responsibility according to the specific situation, but the focus of supervision is the webcast platform. As long as the problem content appears in the live broadcast, it is difficult for the network platform to get rid of the responsibility it should bear.
Shen Rui said that at present, there are penalties such as warnings and fines for illegal online platforms. If the circumstances are serious, enterprises are required to suspend business for rectification, and relevant licenses are revoked. For enterprises involved in spreading obscenity and pornography, if the circumstances are serious, they can close their websites and investigate the administrative and criminal responsibilities of website promoters.
□ Talking about supervision
The platform shall not employ "black" anchors.
According to Shen Rui, after the implementation of the Convention on April 18th, the Beijing Cultural Law Enforcement Corps has been monitoring the webcasting enterprises in Beijing to check whether these enterprises have fulfilled the Convention. A month later, the Beijing Cultural Law Enforcement Corps will jointly with the Beijing Network Culture Association announce the blacklist of the first batch of anchors. For those blacklisted anchors, all webcasting companies in Beijing are not allowed to continue to employ them, nor are they allowed to provide live broadcast space for blacklisted anchors.
Shen Rui said that at present, the work is in progress, and the first batch of blacklists will be published one month later. If the webcasting enterprises that have signed the Convention refuse to implement the Convention, the Beijing Cultural Law Enforcement Corps will bring these enterprises into the key supervision category, and once violations of laws and regulations occur, they will be severely dealt with according to law.
Small platform self-supervision is weak.
Shen Rui said that at present, the systems and mechanisms of many live broadcast enterprises in Beijing are not perfect. "Many live broadcast enterprises are not large in scale, and some live broadcast platforms only have dozens of staff.". Shen Rui concluded that because the platform is relatively small, there is no abundant funds and insufficient technical strength to invest in content supervision, which is an important reason for various problems in some live broadcast platforms.
Shen Rui said that the core supervision of webcasting enterprises is done by manpower, which cannot be done by machines. Failure to keep up with manpower will lead to the lack of supervision.
The reporter learned that there are two contents related to supervision in the Convention, one is to require all live videos to be stored, and the other is to require all live videos to be watermarked with corporate Logo.
Shen Rui said that these two measures are self-discipline for enterprises, and are also conducive to self-protection. "Once there is a problematic live broadcast platform, you can quickly determine which live broadcast platform the problematic video comes from.".
At present, there is no legal constraint.
Shen Rui said that now, it seems that every live broadcast platform has some problems. "It is not surprising that the anchor has problems with the live broadcast content, but it is strange why the anchor has quickly become a online celebrity." That is, a few enterprises are speculating for the purpose of attracting investment.
"Through hype, the number of video downloads and active users has surged in the short term." Shen Rui said that investors choose enterprises to invest, mainly depending on the number of users on the live broadcast platform, the number of active users per month and the number of active users per day. "In fact, investors look at these contents of enterprises, and the platform can most easily achieve these goals by spreading live videos of obscene and pornographic content."
Shen Rui pointed out that the current situation is that the country has not yet had a law to restrict such issues. The development of webcasting industry can no longer be managed and restricted by a single department. "The problem now is that some relevant management units can manage webcasting enterprises, but they can’t manage all of them."
Shen Rui concluded that webcasting enterprises are just in the middle of the supervision of various government departments, which is the core issue in management now.
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Betta TV "Live Making Man" Event
In the early morning of January 10th this year, Betta TV outdoor live channel, the anchor "Indulge 123" broadcast indecent behavior in the room named "Live Doll Making", and the attention of the live broadcast quickly broke through thousands. That night, Betta TV announced that all the Betta live broadcast rooms were certified by real names. The platform administrator had stopped the live broadcast of the indecent video incident involving the anchor at the first time, and reported the case to the police to provide the personal identity information of the anchor involved. Betta TV reserves the right to initiate proceedings against it.
The Ministry of Culture recently announced that online live broadcast platforms such as Betta, Tiger Tooth Live, YY, Panda TV, Battle Flag TV, Dragon Ball Live, Six Rooms, 9158, etc. have been included in the investigation list for allegedly providing Internet cultural products that promote obscenity, violence and abetting crimes.
Jinghua Times reporter Zhang Sijia Jinghua Times cartoon Xie Yao
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