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　　On January 31st, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed in the second collective study in the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee that a long-term mechanism for expanding residents’ consumption should be established and improved, so that residents can spend with stable income, dare to spend without worries, and have a good consumption environment and a strong sense of willingness to spend.

　　The consumer market has achieved a "good start". According to the monitoring of the Ministry of Commerce, the sales of key retail and catering enterprises in China increased by 6.8% compared with last year’s Spring Festival holiday, and the consumption promotion activities were rich and colorful. The sales of new year’s goods and other commodities were strong, the leisure consumption was splendid, and the daily necessities were abundant and stable.

　　At present, all localities and departments take strong measures to enhance consumption capacity, improve consumption conditions, innovate consumption scenarios, and fully stimulate the potential of the consumer market. With multiple benefits, the consumer market is expected to accelerate its recovery and become the main driving force of the economy.

　　Policy strength, enhance consumer willingness

　　To restore and expand consumption, incentive policies play a role. During the Spring Festival holiday, more coupons are issued, which has an obvious pulling effect on catering consumption. According to the data of Meituan, after many cities in Zhejiang, Guangdong and other provinces issued coupons through Meituan, the year-on-year growth rate of food consumption in restaurants during the Spring Festival holiday reached double digits. Taking Hangzhou as an example, during the issuance of coupons for the Spring Festival, the order volume of the city’s dining room increased by 71% year-on-year, and the transaction volume increased by 80% year-on-year.

　　Recently, many provinces have deployed their work in the form of holding meetings or releasing action plans, giving priority to restoring and expanding consumption: on January 29th, Shanghai held a press conference, proposing to restore and boost consumption as one of the key tasks, and launched a number of measures from the aspects of promoting consumption expansion and upgrading, promoting mass consumption such as automobiles and household appliances, fully activating the cultural tourism market, and supporting the recovery and revitalization of the exhibition industry. On January 28th, Guangdong held a high-quality development conference, which revealed that the growth target of total retail sales of social consumer goods in the province this year was set at 6%; On January 27th, Liaoning issued a notice, explicitly promoting the recovery and recovery of consumption, and put forward such measures as diversified provision of consumption subsidies, efforts to create new consumption scenarios, increased support for county-level businesses and key commercial circulation market entities, and encouragement of reasonable housing consumption … …

　　"The focus of policy efforts is to solve some constraints faced by expanding consumption in a targeted manner." Jing Linbo, dean of the China Academy of Social Sciences Evaluation, said: looking at the demand side, in recent years, due to the epidemic, the income growth of ordinary people has slowed down and is expected to decline, and they dare not consume and are inconvenient to consume, and the tendency to save money and avoid risks has increased; Looking at the supply side, the innovation ability of market players can not fully meet the requirements of high-quality development, and there is still a certain gap between effective supply and people’s personalized and diversified consumer demand.

　　"When the pockets are bulging, consumption will be motivated." Chen Lifen, a researcher at the Institute of Market Economy of the State Council Development Research Center, suggested that the income of urban and rural residents should be increased through multiple channels, especially the consumption power of low-and middle-income residents with high propensity to consume but greatly affected by the epidemic. Increase consumer credit appropriately. We will implement the policy of giving priority to employment, support the development of industries and enterprises with strong ability to absorb employment, and timely and effectively alleviate the impact of structural price increases on people in need.

　　Improve facilities and improve consumption conditions

　　"Intelligent services are more popular. Compared with finding a route with a map before, go on road trip is much more convenient." During the Spring Festival holiday, Liu Xin, a resident of Chaoyang District, Beijing, chose to travel by car for the New Year and drove all the way from Beijing to Xi ‘an, Shaanxi. Looking for travel strategies, choosing route navigation, booking tickets for hotels and scenic spots can all be easily done through the mobile APP.

　　As an important part of consumption, the tourism market has obviously warmed up during the Spring Festival holiday, and the consumer demand for mass cultural tourism has been accelerated. According to the data center of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, there were 308 million domestic tourist trips during the Spring Festival holiday this year, a year-on-year increase of 23.1%, returning to 88.6% in the same period of 2019; The domestic tourism revenue was 375.843 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 30%, and it recovered to 73.1% in the same period of 2019.

　　The improvement of consumption conditions further promoted consumption upgrading. The Spring Festival tourism market shows that with the upgrading of tourism consumption, people are more inclined to increase their stay time at their destinations and carry out in-depth tourism. According to the data of where to travel, the number of hotel rooms booked on the platform reached a record high, and the number of rooms booked for more than three days reached a record high. The average length of stay increased by 3.6 hours year-on-year, which was equivalent to one third of tourists choosing to stay one night more than last year, which drove the consumption of catering, transportation and entertainment in the destination city. "The booking situation of this year’s Spring Festival holiday is much better than last year, and the check-in period of guests is 3-mdash; 5 days. " Mr. Cheng, the landlord of Tujia B&B Shanghai Pusu Garden, said.

　　Thanks to the favorable policies to improve the consumption conditions of cultural tourism, long-distance tourism is also recovering obviously. According to data released by a travel platform, the number of domestic long-distance travel orders during the Spring Festival holiday increased by over 500% year-on-year. According to the map data of Gaode, the per capita navigation distance of users’ inter-provincial long-distance go on road trip increased by 17% compared with the same period of last year. Where to travel data shows that the average travel radius of passengers during the Spring Festival holiday has increased by over 50% year-on-year, and the average travel distance of each passenger has increased by 400 kilometers compared with last year.

　　Experts suggest that by increasing the supply of high-quality products and services, the quality level of domestic supply should be continuously improved, and the virtuous circle of supply and demand should be promoted at a higher level, so that the consumption potential can be fully released.

　　Innovate supply and increase consumption scenarios.

　　"For camping enthusiasts, prefabricated dishes are quite convenient." During the Spring Festival holiday, Li Xiao, a college teacher in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, went camping and bought a lot of prepared dishes in advance. Li Xiao said that as a new product in the catering market, it is more convenient to cook and carry prefabricated dishes, which meets the needs of family dinners and camping picnics. The data shows that during the Spring Festival holiday, prefabricated dishes have become a popular category of food and beverage consumption, and the sales volume has increased significantly year-on-year.

　　At present, China’s residents’ consumption is diversified, multi-level and multi-faceted.

　　The deep integration of cultural tourism and tourism has accelerated the recovery of the market. During this year’s Spring Festival holiday, all localities and departments closely followed the new trend of cultural tourism consumption upgrading, provided new supply of cultural tourism products, and launched more high-quality products and services that meet the tastes of tourists. According to the data released by Meituan, new consumption scenes have accelerated during the Spring Festival holiday, and new games such as lantern night tours, sleigh rides and non-legacy performances are popular. The order volume of catering services related to Meituan’s campsite increased by 272% year-on-year.

　　Online and offline interaction, the popularity of catering has recovered. Whether it is a large catering enterprise, an established hotel, a fashion hotel or a online celebrity restaurant, they all give full play to their respective service advantages and characteristics, and cooperate with group buying websites to carry out activities such as discount promotion, limited time snapping up, and rebate cash.

　　Model products are innovative and stimulate consumption potential. The trend of consumption upgrading in the Spring Festival is obvious, and health and fashion have become more concerned elements for consumers. According to the data of JD.COM, the dishes focusing on the concept of health are selling well.

　　Hong Yong, an associate researcher at the Institute of Electronic Commerce of the Ministry of Commerce, said that consumption conditions should be continuously improved to better support consumption such as housing improvement, new energy vehicles and old-age services. If the city supports rigid and improved housing demand; Continue to implement the policy of exempting vehicle purchase tax and promote the transformation of automobile consumption from purchase management to use management; Promote the coordinated development of old-age care undertakings and old-age care industries, and accelerate the improvement of the old-age care service system that coordinates home community institutions and combines medical care with health care.

　　The Central Economic Work Conference proposed that restoring and expanding consumption should be given priority. The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Commerce said that it will conscientiously implement the spirit of the Central Economic Work Conference and actively take measures with relevant departments to restore and expand consumption and continuously enhance the basic role of consumption in economic development.

Observer Network Text/Observer Network Xie Hongjuan Editor/Ma Yuanyuan

On April 10th, according to Interface News, Xiao Jin, general manager of Vanke Jinan Company, was taken away by Shandong police for investigation 48 hours ago.

In this regard, Jinan Vanke said that Xiao Jin cooperated with relevant departments for personal reasons. The company operated normally, and Jin Yabin took over as the general manager of Jinan Company. At present, the investigation is still in progress. Please refer to the information disclosed by relevant government departments.

According to public information, Xiao Jin was born in 1969, and entered the real estate industry in 1992. He has worked in head housing enterprises such as Ocean Land and Vanke, and is a well-known professional manager in the real estate industry.

In September 2009, Xiao Jin joined Beijing Vanke as the deputy general manager of Beijing Vanke Enterprise Co., Ltd., in charge of sales, operation and business (shopping center, community business, office building, pension, etc.). Xiao Jin is well versed in marketing. During his partnership with Mao Daqing, the sales of Beijing Vanke increased steadily. Since 2010, it has achieved sales of 10 billion yuan for four consecutive years, and in 2014, it topped the list with sales of 13.554 billion yuan.

In 2014, Xiao Jin, who has the title of "marketing wizard", parachuted into Shenyang as the general manager of Shenyang Vanke. His task is to lead Shenyang Company, whose performance has fallen into a trough and its market share has retreated to the second place, to "return to the peak". In his own words, "my personal character can’t accept the second ranking, so it is my mission to take up a new job in Shenyang and lead Shenyang Company back to the top."

At the beginning of 2016, Xiao Jin set itself a small goal-10 billion sales, and achieved this goal ahead of schedule by rapidly developing the sales model. On November 21, 2016, Xiao Jin issued an internal mail "Vanke’s sales exceeded 10 billion", which mentioned that "the filing amount today exceeds 10 billion."

In 2017, Vanke achieved sales of 10 billion yuan in a shorter period of time. On July 10th of that year, Shenyang Vanke held a communication meeting for all employees in the second quarter with the theme of 10 billion yuan in half a year. According to Kerry data, Vanke achieved an equity sales amount of 13.856 billion yuan in 2017, ranking first; In 2018, Vanke won the sales champion, with sales of 16.817 billion yuan.

At the end of 2019, Vanke City General changed its defense, and Xiao Jin served as the general manager of Jinan. In Jinan, Xiao Jin continued its rapid development and sales model in Shenyang. In Jinan’s land transaction market in 2020, Vanke, the main city, took the most land, with 17 plots of land, covering an area of 617,659 square meters and a total area of 926.49 mu, ranking first in this year’s land acquisition.

Thanks to this, in 2020, Vanke ranked first in Jinan with sales of 15.66 billion yuan, surpassing Sunac and China Shipping, and ranked first in 2021.

From 2022 to 2023, Vanke remained in the second place in the list of housing enterprises in Jinan, with sales amounts of 11.36 billion yuan and 9.54 billion yuan respectively. However, in 2024, Vanke’s sales in Jinan fell sharply. According to the data of the Central Finger Research Institute, from January to March 2024, Vanke fell to the seventh place with sales of 1.2 billion yuan.

Source | Observer Network

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　　"We should promote the transformation and development of scientific and technological work in colleges and universities, from quantity accumulation to quality improvement." On December 3, when introducing the development of higher education during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, Lei Chaozi, director of the Science and Technology Department of the Ministry of Education, said frankly that there are still obvious shortcomings and shortcomings in the scientific and technological innovation work of colleges and universities in order to meet the new needs of the new era and the requirements of the construction of first-class disciplines in world-class universities, and it is necessary to change the style of study and improve the quality.

　　Return to the initial heart of scientific research

　　To change the style of study, it is necessary to further strengthen the construction of style of study, strengthen academic moral education and academic standard training, guide the majority of scientific and technological personnel to return to the initial heart of scientific research, be down-to-earth, concentrate on learning, eliminate academic bubbles, and consciously resist quick success and instant benefit. "We hope that basic research can really be discovered, technological innovation can really solve problems, and the transformation of results can really be effective."

　　In terms of policy, we will further deepen the reform of scientific and technological evaluation in colleges and universities and establish a correct policy orientation. This year’s No.1 and No.2 papers on scientific and technological work in colleges and universities pay attention to patent quality and get rid of "SCI first" respectively. To improve the quality of patents, it is necessary to squeeze the water out of patents, promote the transformation of achievements and enhance the patent conversion rate. Breaking the "SCI supremacy" is to create a new innovative culture and a new value pursuit, and advocate a scientific research ecological culture that is devoted to learning and comes naturally.

　　"We will further strengthen the construction of scientific research integrity in colleges and universities." Lei Chaozi said that it is necessary to strengthen the awareness of the red line, implement a zero-tolerance and high-pressure situation for academic misconduct, deal with it seriously, and never tolerate it. It is necessary to strengthen theoretical research on scientific ethics, academic misconduct and scientific ethics, and improve the construction of scientific research integrity system.

　　In improving quality, we should strengthen original innovation and integrated public relations.

　　Colleges and universities are the main force of basic research and shoulder great responsibilities. In response to a reporter’s question from Science and Technology Daily, Lei Chaozi pointed out that in order to promote basic research, the Ministry of Education focused on the needs of building a strong country in science and technology and adopted a "two-handed" strategy: on the one hand, vigorously promote free exploration, give full play to the advantages of colleges and universities that are free and relaxed, talented and multidisciplinary, especially the advantages of a steady stream of undergraduates and postgraduates as innovative new forces, and further establish and improve corresponding institutional mechanisms; On the other hand, we will strengthen organized scientific research and make an organized layout in some strategic key disciplines related to national construction and national rejuvenation.

　　Create a highland for basic research and talent training

　　In 2018, the Ministry of Education launched the "Everest Plan for Basic Research in Colleges and Universities", laying out and building a number of cutting-edge scientific research centers in "double-first-class" disciplines, focusing on major cutting-edge scientific issues and shortcomings in basic research of key core technologies, bringing together first-class talents for the world, building a large team and platform in the field of basic research in colleges and universities, and becoming a strategic force in national basic research. At present, 14 cutting-edge scientific centers have been laid out, including frontier fields such as brain science, quantum science and synthetic biology.

　　In addition, universities themselves are actively promoting the construction of cutting-edge scientific laboratories and upgrading the research level and scale of laboratories in cutting-edge scientific and technological fields.

　　"Basic research has come to this day, and original innovation is very difficult without breakthroughs in means and conditions. Therefore, we must work hard on research means and conditions to build a major national science and technology infrastructure." Lei Chaozi said that more than 10 major national science and technology infrastructures led by universities have all started construction. In addition, the Ministry of Education has also strengthened the innovation ability of basic disciplines such as mathematics and physics, and built a number of mathematics centers, frontier physics centers and life science centers in high-level universities to create a highland for basic research and talent training; Actively promote scientific research cooperation with international high-level universities and research institutions in the field of basic research; Improve the ability of universities to carry out basic research and build a number of field scientific observation stations and scientific and technological resource platforms.

　　"We hope that in the future, institutions of higher learning will require researchers to do whatever is easy to do and what is easy to produce results. Doing that looks good, but the actual support is insufficient. " Lei Chaozi said that they hope to truly improve the quality and effect of innovation through the substantive construction of scientific research platforms and scientific research teams, and through the painstaking knowledge and solid work of scientific research personnel. (Reporter Zhang Galen)

Recently, two local conferences have been held one after another. The government work reports of several cities have deployed the housing or real estate market, and most of them mentioned supporting housing to improve consumption. The fundamentals of the property market are changing.

At the same time, the transaction volume of the property market rose sharply in February. This has also changed people’s expectations of the real estate market situation — — Will the property market heat up rapidly, and the volume and price will rise together?

Intensive promotion of housing consumption in various places

On February 28th, the report on the work of Chengdu Municipal Government was released, proposing to adhere to the principle of "housing without speculation", support the rigid and improved housing needs of new citizens, young people and families with many children, further optimize the financial service policy, support the reasonable financing needs of the industry, and promote the smooth transition of the real estate industry to a new development model.

On February 27th, at the Chengdu Economic Operation Dispatching Meeting in January-February, 2023, Wang Fengchao, Mayor of Chengdu, stressed the need to comprehensively grasp the steady growth of key areas, and the second aspect was to do a good job in boosting consumption, including "better releasing the rigid and improved housing demand".

Not only in Chengdu, but also in local government work reports, the expressions about housing or real estate market can be roughly divided into two categories: one is to support the rigid and improved housing needs of new citizens and young people, and the other is to support or expand housing consumption.

Among them, some cities put forward more detailed policies and measures for the real estate market in government work reports, and clearly put forward the optimization and adjustment of existing policies.

The work report of Zhengzhou Municipal Government clearly puts forward that 12 policies and measures to support the stable and healthy development of the real estate market in Zhengzhou City should be implemented, the restricted areas should be appropriately adjusted, commercial housing for sale should be supported by group purchase, the residents of new citizens’ metropolitan area should be treated equally in purchasing houses, rent and purchase should be promoted simultaneously, the credit burden of purchasing houses should be reduced, and measures such as recognizing houses and refusing loans should be implemented, and activities such as 20% discount for talents and new citizens should be carried out to solve the housing problems of young talents, new citizens and other groups, and promote housing consumption steadily.

The work report of Xi ‘an Municipal Government devoted a section to "promoting the stable and healthy development of the real estate market". It is required to adhere to the orientation of "housing without speculation", further optimize the housing policy, support rigid and improved housing demand, standardize the development of long-term rental market, and promote the smooth transition of the real estate industry to a new development model. Continue to solve the problem of "difficulty in obtaining a permit" for housing. Resolutely fight the tough battle of "guaranteeing the delivery of the building" and ensure that more than 80% of the postponed projects will be delivered during the year. We will carry out a three-year campaign to solve the problem of "relocation difficulties" and vigorously promote the construction of resettlement buildings and resettlement work. Newly build 20,000 sets (rooms) of affordable rental housing to solve the housing problems of new citizens and young people.

Changchun has deployed the real estate market from two directions: promoting the healthy development of pillar industries and focusing on stimulating consumer demand, some of which are more powerful than other cities.

The work report of Changchun Municipal Government proposes to promote the healthy development of key pillar industries. Among them, vigorously develop the real estate industry, relieve the difficulties of high-quality housing enterprises, and meet reasonable financing needs. Strive for national special loans to speed up the pilot project of commercial housing destocking, and buy commercial housing by the government for shantytown renovation and relocation, affordable housing and rental housing.

In addition, Changchun will focus on stimulating consumer demand. We introduced new policies to promote real estate, continued to implement policies such as farmers entering cities, subsidies for talents to buy houses, and "transferring business to public", built real estate trading centers, and continued to hold housing fairs. The sales area of commercial housing exceeded 5.5 million square meters.

Yan Yuejin, research director of Yiju Research Institute, told CBN that the references to housing consumption are frequent in various places, which also reflects the government’s emphasis on housing demand and housing consumption. The housing purchase policy may be further relaxed, but this looseness cannot be understood as intensive introduction of policies. There are already many existing policies, and we should focus on digesting existing policies.

Liu Lu, a professor at Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, told CBN that the "first suite" home purchase has always been the key object of policy support. For the purchase of more than three houses, previous property market regulation policies are basically more restrictive. The second suite between the two clearly shows the attitude of "reasonable support", which is actually the embodiment of the people’s consumption upgrade in the housing field and the objective demand for improving the quality of living.

In fact, since last year, the property market regulation policies in various cities have been continuously loosened.

According to the statistics of the Central Finger Research Institute, since 2023, nearly 90 provinces and cities (counties) have optimized and adjusted their real estate policies, and introduced control measures over 100 times. According to preliminary statistics, 49 policies have been issued in 46 provinces, cities and counties in February, and the market in many places has warmed up, and the wait-and-see mood of hot cities has improved. Many places have implemented the dynamic regulation mechanism of the first home loan interest rate policy, and more than 30 cities have reduced the lower limit of the first home loan interest rate to below 4%.

Will the property market heat up rapidly?

Under the influence of a series of policies, the real estate market situation is changing, and "Xiaoyangchun" seems to be coming.

According to the data of the Central Finger Research Institute, the transaction volume of the property market in February increased by 31.9% month-on-month, and the year-on-year decline narrowed. First-tier cities increased by 5.0% month-on-month, Guangzhou and Shenzhen increased significantly month-on-month, and Shanghai both decreased month-on-month. Second-and third-tier cities as a whole rose by more than 40% month-on-month, while only Wenzhou and Fuzhou declined month-on-month, among which Jinan increased significantly, up 108.16% month-on-month. The total inventory decreased slightly, with a larger decline in Shenzhen, with a decrease of 4.89% from the previous month.

However, Liu Lu said that after the Spring Festival this year, the property market in many places across the country showed obvious signs of recovery, but the division was still large.

Liu Lu said that in first-tier cities and second-tier cities represented by Chengdu, there was little or no downward adjustment in the local property market in the early stage. At present, it is mainly reflected in the rapid expansion of the transaction volume of new and second-hand houses in the property market. In terms of price, the new house is reflected in the reduction of concessions; Second-hand housing is reflected in the owner’s reluctance to sell from wait and see, and the price has risen to a certain extent. This kind of city has a good economic fundamentals and a large net inflow of population, so the upward development trend of the property market can last for a long time.

However, Liu Lu said that in many other third-and fourth-tier cities and some second-tier cities, the downward adjustment of the property market in the early stage was more obvious. This year’s Spring Festival was superimposed by factors such as returning home and favorable policies, and the local property market showed a certain recovery, but its sustainability was worse than that of the previous cities.

Yan Yuejin also said that the income situation of ordinary people is still under pressure. The data changes in January and February are relatively large. Even if the transaction volume rises sharply, it is not easy to judge that it will heat up rapidly, and the possibility of slow heating is still relatively large. The overall trend of follow-up is optimistic, but it is necessary to guard against speculation in the middle.

Just as the market situation changed slightly, news of some policy changes began to spread. For example, in January this year, the first home loan interest rate of many local banks in Zhengzhou was lowered from 4.1% to 3.8%, but recently it was reported that the first home loan interest rate in Zhengzhou will be raised to 4.3%. Although this news has not been confirmed, it has attracted the attention of the market.

On February 28th, the Office of the Leading Group for the Steady and Healthy Development of the Real Estate Market in Yiwu issued a notice to implement eight "new policies" for real estate from now on. From April 1st, 2023, Yiwu will cancel the policy of encouraging "group buying" to buy a house, that is, cancel last year’s "on the basis of the floating record price, ‘ Group purchase ’ 10 or more sets of commercial housing can fall below 2%; Right ‘ Group purchase ’ 20 sets or more can fall below 3%; Right ‘ Group purchase ’ With the preferential policy of 50 sets and above, the market preference will gradually return to a stable state.

Yan Yuejin believes that this statement shows that Yiwu has fine-tuned some preferential housing purchase policies. The policy of Yiwu this time fully shows that some subdivided purchase policies have changed, which is also the first policy statement in China that explicitly cancels preferential treatment this year, which is of signal significance.

Yan Yuejin believes that the withdrawal of some preferential policies should be viewed objectively. To some extent, the general direction and framework of local policies are still relaxed, but there may be fine-tuning in some areas. All localities should do a good job from the perspective of market conditions and the rights and interests of buyers, and prevent the troubles caused by loose and tight policies to buyers. At the same time, all localities are also required to publicize the existing easing policies and actively encourage the release of reasonable housing consumption demand.

　　Behind the continuous development of the cause of the disabled is the superiority of the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system. The story of Wang Yongcheng tells the true meaning of people’s democracy in the whole process, interprets the power of the people’s congress system, and writes a new chapter in the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. (Guo Xuan)

Influenza (referred to as "flu") isCaused by influenza virus infectionAcute respiratory infectious diseases.Influenza vaccination isAn effective means to prevent influenza.About influenza vaccination this winter and next springSome common questions,Fujian CDC answers are as follows↓↓↓

1. What are the antigenic components of trivalent and tetravalent influenza vaccines this year?

The trivalent influenza vaccine recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2023-2024 based on chicken embryos in the northern hemisphere consists of:

A/Victoria/4897/2022（H1N1)Pdm09 similar strain

A/Darwin/9/2021(H3N2)Similar strain

B/Austria/1359417/2021(Victoria department)Similar strain

The tetravalent influenza vaccine component contains two strains of B strain, namely the above three strains and B/Phuket/3073/2013.(Yamagata system)Similar strain.

Compared with the previous year, the vaccine component recommended by WHO in this year has been replaced with influenza virus subtype A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine strain.

2. What kinds of influenza vaccines are available in 2023-2024?

Influenza vaccines listed in the world are divided into inactivated influenza virus vaccine, live attenuated influenza virus vaccine and influenza virus recombination vaccines.

According to the components contained in the vaccine, it is divided into trivalent and tetravalent influenza vaccines.

According to the production process, it can be divided into chicken embryo culture, cell culture and recombinant influenza vaccine.

Influenza vaccines used in China in the epidemic season of 2023-2024 include trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3), tetravalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4) and trivalent live attenuated vaccine (LAIV3).

Both IIV3 and IIV4 have 0.25ml dosage form and 0.5ml dosage form, and LAIV3 has 0.2ml dosage form.

3. Which key groups and high-risk groups give priority to influenza vaccination?

It is suggested that all people who are over 6 months old and have no contraindications should be vaccinated with influenza vaccine. Combined with the epidemic situation of influenza and the prevention and control strategy of multi-disease prevention, the harm of influenza should be reduced as much as possible.

Priority recommended key and high-risk groups:

1 medical personnel, including clinical rescue personnel, public health personnel, health and quarantine personnel, etc.;

2. Older people aged 60 and over;

3. People suffering from one or more chronic diseases;

4. Vulnerable people and employees in gathering places such as old-age care institutions, long-term care institutions and welfare homes;

5. Pregnant women;

6. Children aged 6-59 months;

7. Family members and caregivers of infants under 6 months old;

8. People in key places such as kindergartens, primary and secondary schools and supervision places.

4. What is the immune persistence after influenza vaccination?

The immunity acquired by human body after being infected with influenza virus or inoculated with influenza vaccine will decline with time, and the degree of decline is related to factors such as people’s age, physical condition and vaccine antigen.

A study on antibody dynamics of influenza vaccine in Australia showed that the antibody level induced by various vaccine strains reached a peak one month after vaccination, and began to decline about three months later. After vaccination for six months, the antibody level was still higher than the baseline, suggesting that the antibody protection level can be maintained for at least six months after vaccination.

A study in Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province also found that the antibody level mediated by some vaccine strains was still high after 6 months of influenza vaccination.

Studies have shown that the serum antibody level in the body decreased significantly after one year of influenza vaccination. Studies have shown that the decrease of serum antibody is related to the decrease of the number of bone marrow plasma cells, that is, the specific bone marrow plasma cells increased after 4 weeks of influenza vaccination, but decreased to the pre-vaccination level after 1 year.

In order to match the ever-changing influenza virus, one or more strains of influenza vaccine recommended by WHO will be updated in most seasons, and it also exists that the vaccine strains are exactly the same as the previous season.

In order to ensure the maximum protection of the vaccinated population, even if the composition of the influenza vaccine is exactly the same as that of the previous season, since the antibody titer produced by most vaccinators in the last vaccination has dropped significantly, it is still recommended to vaccinate before the arrival of the influenza season in that year regardless of whether the influenza vaccine was vaccinated in the previous season.

5. What are the requirements for the vaccination times of influenza vaccine?

Children from 6 months to 8 years old should be vaccinated with IIV vaccine: children from 6 months to 8 years old who are vaccinated with influenza for the first time should be vaccinated with two doses (two doses of the same vaccine should be selected) with an interval of ≥4 weeks; Children who have received one or more doses of influenza vaccine in 2022-2023 or before are recommended to receive one dose.

Vaccination of children aged 6 months to 8 years: No matter whether they have been vaccinated with influenza vaccine, only one dose is given.

Children and adults aged 9 and over only need one dose.

6. What are the taboos for influenza vaccination?

Anyone who is allergic to any ingredients contained in the vaccine (including excipients, formaldehyde, cracking agents and antibiotics) or has a history of severe allergic reaction to any kind of influenza vaccination is prohibited from vaccination.

Patients with acute diseases, severe chronic diseases or acute attacks of chronic diseases and fever are advised to be vaccinated after recovery or stable control of their condition. Patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome within 6 weeks after previous influenza vaccination are advised to be evaluated by a doctor before considering whether to vaccinate.

The following people are prohibited from being vaccinated with LAIV:

① Persons with low immune function due to drug use, HIV infection and other reasons;

② Children and adolescents who have been treated with drugs containing aspirin or salicylic acid for a long time;

③ Children with asthma aged 2-4 years;

4 pregnant women;

⑤ Those with a history of Guillain-Barre syndrome;

⑥ Those who used antiviral drugs such as oseltamivir and zanamivir 48 hours before inoculation, or those who used palamivir 5 days before inoculation, or those who used balosevir 17 days before inoculation.

7. Can influenza vaccine and other vaccines be vaccinated at the same time?

Inoculation with other inactivated and attenuated live vaccines:

Inactivated influenza vaccine can be inoculated simultaneously or sequentially with other inactivated vaccines and attenuated live vaccines; If two live attenuated vaccines are inoculated at the same time, the interval should be at least 4 weeks.

Inoculation with Covid-19 vaccine at the same time:

People aged 18 and above can be vaccinated with inactivated influenza vaccine and Covid-19 vaccine at the same time, and at the same time, they should be vaccinated at the inoculation sites of both limbs. For the minors who have been vaccinated with LAIV and under the age of 18, it is suggested that the interval between vaccination with Covid-19 and Covid-19 should be more than 14 days due to the lack of evidence at present.

8. When is the timing of influenza vaccination?

Usually, after 2~4 weeks of influenza vaccination, antibodies with protective level can be produced.

The time and duration of the annual peak of influenza activity are different in different parts of China. In order to ensure that the recipients can get immune protection before the high-incidence season of influenza, it is suggested that all localities arrange vaccination as soon as the vaccine is available, and it is best to complete immunization before the local influenza epidemic season. Vaccination units can provide immunization services throughout the epidemic season.

In the same influenza epidemic season, people who have completed the whole vaccination according to the vaccination procedures do not need to be vaccinated again.

9. Besides influenza vaccine, what other vaccines can be vaccinated to prevent respiratory infectious diseases?

In addition to influenza vaccination this winter and next spring, pneumococcal vaccine and Covid-19 vaccine are also recommended for the elderly and people with chronic basic diseases.

For children, it is suggested that non-immunization programs such as pneumococcal vaccine and Haemophilus influenzae type B conjugate vaccine should be inoculated on the basis of continuing immunization program vaccination. No matter whether it is an immunization program vaccine or a non-immunization program vaccine, the requirements of vaccination specifications should be strictly followed during the vaccination process.

10. How should we protect against influenza vaccine before it is produced?

Wear a mask scientifically. If you go to a closed environment and crowded places, take public transport or go to the hospital, it is recommended to wear a mask and pay attention to changing it in time.

Develop good personal hygiene habits. When coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth and nose with paper towels or towels. Wash your hands or disinfect your hands in time after touching public facilities such as elevator buttons and door handles, and after coughing or sneezing. In addition, daily attention should be paid to keeping the environment in the home and workplace clean, and opening windows regularly for ventilation.

Develop a healthy lifestyle. In daily life, we should keep enough sleep, adequate nutrition and proper physical exercise to enhance our physical fitness and improve our immunity.

　　On September 30, local time, the British government website released a message saying that the British Foreign Office announced a new ban on the export of services and commodities on the same day for the vulnerable sectors of the Russian economy.

　　The news said that Britain is keeping pace with international partners and targeting key areas of the Russian economy. The new measures will put economic pressure on Russia by targeting vulnerable sectors and destroying key supply chains.

　　According to the news, on the basis of previous actions, Britain will prevent Russia from using IT consulting services, construction services, engineering services, advertising services and transactional legal consulting services. Britain also imposed sanctions on Elvira Nabiullina, governor of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, and banned the export of nearly 700 kinds of goods to Russia. (Headquarters reporter Kang Yudong Chen Lincong)