标签归档 武汉桑拿会所

General Office of Tianjin Municipal People’s Government on Printing and Distributing

Notice of the Tenth Five-Year Plan of Tianjin Science and Technology Innovation

No.32 [2021] of Tianjin Zhengban Fa

District People’s governments, municipal government commissions, offices and bureaus:

With the consent of the Municipal People’s Government, we hereby print and distribute the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" of Tianjin’s scientific and technological innovation to you, please implement it accordingly.

General Office of Tianjin Municipal People’s Government

August 8, 2021

The Tenth Five-Year Plan of Scientific and Technological Innovation in Tianjin

The "14th Five-Year Plan" period is the first five years for Tianjin to start a new journey of building a socialist modern metropolis in an all-round way on the basis of building a high-quality well-off society in an all-round way, and it is a crucial period for accelerating self-reliance in science and technology, promoting high-quality development and building a new development pattern. In order to thoroughly implement the innovation-driven development strategy, accelerate the construction of a higher-level innovative city, create an important source of independent innovation and a major source of original innovation, and accelerate the functional orientation of "one base and three districts", this plan is formulated in accordance with the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of Tianjin and the Outline of Long-term Objectives for the Year 2035.

The first chapter comprehensively opens a new journey of building an innovative city with a higher level.

First, grasp the new trend of scientific and technological innovation and development

(A) the foundation and status quo

Since the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", the city has vigorously implemented the innovation-driven development strategy, and the support of scientific and technological innovation has led to remarkable results in economic and social development. The R&D investment intensity and comprehensive scientific and technological innovation level index of the whole society have remained at the forefront of the country. In 2020, the city ranked 56th in the "Top 100 Regional Innovation Clusters in the World" and 24th in the "Natural Index-Scientific Research City 2020". The ability of independent innovation has been continuously improved, and breakthroughs have been made in the construction of major innovation platforms such as large-scale earthquake engineering simulation research facilities and the National Synthetic Biotechnology Innovation Center. A number of original landmark achievements have been made in key areas such as artificial intelligence, biomedicine and new materials, such as Galaxy Kirin operating system V10, precise customized synthesis of yeast long chromosomes, efficient chiral spiro catalysts, and live-working robots for distribution networks. The "seven-chain" industrial innovation ecology of artificial intelligence represented by information technology application innovation and industrial robots has been gradually improved. The development of science and technology enterprises has formed the "Tianjin experience", and the atmosphere of innovation and entrepreneurship has become increasingly strong. Continue to deepen the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei collaborative innovation, and make positive progress in ministerial and municipal consultations, cooperation between hospitals and cities, and regional coordination. We will continue to promote the reform of the science and technology system and constantly optimize the innovation ecology. The construction of innovative cities has entered the national advanced ranks, and scientific and technological innovation has become a key force for the transformation of old and new kinetic energy to lead high-quality development. However, to meet the requirements of the new development stage and new development pattern, there are still some weak links in this city’s scientific and technological innovation, such as a small number of major innovation platforms and top scientific and technological talents, insufficient development of scientific and educational potential, imperfect evaluation and incentive mechanism, and small "chassis" for developing new kinetic energy. Compared with domestic advanced cities,Scientific and technological innovation is facing a severe competitive situation of "if you don’t advance, you will retreat, and if you advance slowly, you will retreat".

(II) Situation and Mission

First, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation with intelligent technology as the core is changing the shape of economy and society. Emerging technologies and subversive innovations are constantly emerging at all levels and in all fields from micro to cosmology, and the paradigm of scientific and technological innovation is accelerating. A new generation of information technologies, such as artificial intelligence, 5G, blockchain, etc., have penetrated in an all-round way, pushing all fields of science, technology, economy and society to accelerate their leap to intelligence. Breakthroughs in basic frontier technologies such as quantum information and brain science have been accelerated, and fusion technologies such as additive manufacturing and brain-computer interface have emerged continuously, and technologies in life and health fields such as synthetic biology and vaccine research and development have developed rapidly. New energy, new materials, advanced manufacturing and other technologies are triggering changes in the industrial base. Data-driven and scene-driven have become new trends, and new technologies, new products, new tracks and new formats are constantly emerging.

The second is to build a new development pattern with the domestic big cycle as the main body and the domestic and international double cycles promoting each other, which requires scientific and technological innovation to play a greater role. International economic globalization and technological globalization encounter countercurrent. In order to achieve security and stability, the industrial chain supply chain needs to be self-reliant and self-reliant by science and technology to support its autonomy and controllability. With the support of supply-side structural reform as the main line, the high-quality supply of science and technology will promote the industrial chain to climb to high value, laying a solid foundation for the new development pattern. Insisting on the establishment of the manufacturing industry and building a strong manufacturing city, it is even more necessary for scientific and technological innovation to empower the industry, promote the upgrading of the industrial base and the modernization of the industrial chain, and provide a steady stream of power for promoting high-quality economic development.

Third, scientific and technological innovation has become the core driving force for regional development. Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area are building international science and technology innovation centers, and the innovation of urban agglomerations has become an important support for regional coordinated development, and innovative micro-centers such as innovation corridors, science cities, parks and blocks in the region have formed new impetus for development. A new round of regional innovation pattern in China is accelerating adjustment, with a number of regional innovation centers rising rapidly, a number of comprehensive national science centers accelerating construction, and large-scale scientific infrastructure and national laboratories accelerating layout.

Facing the new opportunities and challenges brought by the new situation, we must adhere to the core position of scientific and technological innovation in the overall modernization of this city, adhere to self-reliance and self-reliance in science and technology, make a good move in scientific and technological innovation, provide more high-quality scientific and technological supply, shape new development advantages and support the construction of a new development pattern.

Second, establish a new direction for the development of scientific and technological innovation

(A) the guiding ideology

Adhere to the guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth Plenary Sessions of the 19th National Congress, thoroughly implement the important requirements of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary on the "three efforts" and a series of important instructions, base on the new development stage, implement the new development concept, build a new development pattern, thoroughly implement the innovation-driven development strategy, and deeply integrate into the major national strategy of coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. Adhere to the guiding principle of "independent innovation, leading development, talent-oriented, open integration", adhere to the core position of innovation, adhere to the strategic support of self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology for high-quality development, focus on improving innovation ability and improving innovation system, and strive to cultivate strategic scientific and technological strength, promote key core technology research, strengthen the dominant position of enterprise innovation, promote the transfer and transformation of achievements, deepen openness and collaborative innovation, attract high-level talent teams, and create an excellent innovation ecology. Build a higher level innovative city, shape new development advantages, and provide strong scientific and technological support for realizing the functional orientation of "one base and three districts" and building a socialist modern metropolis in an all-round way.

(2) Development goals

By 2025, innovation-driven high-quality development has achieved remarkable results, and the construction of innovative cities has made remarkable progress, making important contributions to building a national advanced manufacturing R&D base, creating an important source of independent innovation and a major source of original innovation, and supporting the construction of an innovative country.

-the ability of independent innovation has been significantly enhanced. A strategic scientific and technological strength system led by major national scientific and technological facilities and innovation platforms has basically taken shape, and the layout of Haihe laboratory has achieved initial results. Breaking through a number of "stuck necks" and key core technologies in key areas, the effect of technological innovation driving the optimization and upgrading of industrial chain supply chain and technological empowerment industrial innovation is more obvious.

-the overall efficiency of the innovation system has improved. The main position of enterprise innovation has been continuously strengthened, and high-tech enterprises and innovative enterprise groups have achieved both quantitative and qualitative improvement. Universities, research institutes and new R&D institutions play a more significant role in the innovation system. The innovation and entrepreneurship system, technological innovation platform system and scientific and technological achievements transfer and transformation system are improving day by day.

-Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei has made significant progress in collaborative innovation and regional opening up. The construction of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei collaborative innovation community has been further promoted. A number of innovative gathering areas and marking areas, such as China Xinchuang Valley, Cell Valley and Bio-manufacturing Valley, have taken shape. The level of scientific and technological opening-up cooperation has been continuously improved, and it has been deeply integrated into the global innovation network.

-The ecological environment of scientific and technological innovation is more optimized. The gathering effect of high-level scientific and technological talents is obvious, and the innovation vitality of talents is further stimulated, forming a group of high-level talent teams in key fields to overcome difficulties. The reform of the science and technology system continued to deepen, the allocation of resources such as science and technology projects, bases, talents and funds was more scientific and efficient, the style of study in scientific research was better, and the scientific and cultural literacy of the whole people was significantly improved.

Table 1 Main Indicators of the Tenth Five-Year Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation

(III) Overall deployment

Facing the forefront of world science and technology, facing the main battlefield of economy, facing the major needs of the country, facing people’s lives and health, highlighting problem orientation and goal orientation, strengthening the precise layout of scientific and technological innovation and R&D, adhering to the two-wheel drive of scientific and technological innovation and institutional mechanism innovation, and focusing on the cultivation of strategic scientific and technological forces driven by major facilities and platforms; Focus on the core technology research with key industries such as Xinchuang as the main direction; Focus on improving the transformation ability of scientific and technological achievements with incubation transformation as an important dimension; Focus on the construction of technological innovation system with enterprises as the main body and deep integration of Industry-University-Research; Focus on the construction of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development pattern with open collaborative innovation as the core; Focus on the creation of innovative ecology based on the transformation of government functions, and arrange and deploy key tasks of scientific and technological innovation in the next five years.

First, adhere to self-reliance in science and technology and build strategic scientific and technological strength. Actively integrate into the national innovation strategic layout, fully promote the construction of major scientific and technological infrastructure and scientific and technological innovation platforms, and plan to build Haihe Laboratory. Actively undertake the task of national basic research, promote the mutual promotion of basic research and applied research, and build the ability of innovation strategy with source scientific innovation and cutting-edge technology creation. Focus on key areas, organize and implement a number of major scientific and technological projects, speed up key core technology research, strengthen the construction of technological innovation platforms, and enhance industrial innovation capabilities.

The second is to adhere to market dominance and enhance the technological innovation capability of enterprises. Strengthen the main position of enterprise innovation, and promote enterprises to become the main body of technological innovation decision-making, R&D investment, scientific research organization and achievement transformation. Support leading enterprises in science and technology to take the lead in setting up innovative consortia and undertake major scientific research projects. Strengthen the cultivation of innovative enterprises and high-tech enterprise groups, and build an echelon of "young eagle-gazelle-leader" high-growth enterprises to continue to develop. Further promote scientific and technological innovation and entrepreneurship, and expand the new kinetic energy chassis.

Third, adhere to the principle of building a career with use and promote the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements. We will comprehensively promote the construction of university science parks, strengthen the construction of transformation industrialization carriers such as industrial technology research institutes and demonstration zones for the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and strengthen application demonstration and scene innovation. Improve the service system for the transfer and transformation of achievements, smooth the chain of achievements transformation, and promote the market-oriented flow of technical factors. Promote the deep integration of technology and finance, and build a technology and finance supporting service system covering the whole life cycle of technology-based enterprises.

The fourth is to optimize the layout and improve the efficiency of the innovation system. Further promote the construction of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei collaborative innovation community, actively integrate into the construction of Beijing International Science and Technology Innovation Center and the innovation and development of xiong’an new area, and promote the deep integration of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei industrial chain and innovation chain. Focusing on the development of "Jincheng" and "Bincheng", we will optimize the spatial layout of scientific and technological innovation and create a number of innovation gathering areas and sign areas. High-level construction of the national new generation artificial intelligence innovation and development experimental zone. Promote the construction of national independent innovation demonstration zone with high quality. Explore new modes and paths of international scientific and technological cooperation and deepen the "Belt and Road" international scientific and technological cooperation.

The fifth is to adhere to the talent-oriented principle and introduce talents in all directions. Vigorously introduce high-level talents at home and abroad, and gather a group of first-class scientific and technological leaders and innovative teams. Strengthen the education and training of innovative talents and build a team of outstanding young scientific and technological talents. Optimize the incentive and guarantee mechanism of talent innovation, and fully stimulate the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of talents.

Sixth, persist in deepening reform and create an excellent innovation ecology. Accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological management functions from R&D management to innovative services, optimize the scientific and technological planning system and management mechanism, and establish a diversified scientific and technological investment mechanism. Further improve the scientific and technological regulations and policy system, vigorously carry forward the spirit of scientists, strengthen the construction of study style and work style, strictly protect intellectual property rights, improve the scientific research integrity system, promote the in-depth development of global popular science, and create a social atmosphere advocating innovation.

The second chapter focuses on the direction of key research and development fields.

Adhere to the "four orientations", combine the advantageous disciplines in this city, and provide innovative source supply through the deployment of future-leading application foundation and cutting-edge technology research; Focus on key industries and technical fields, and form new advantages at the forefront of science and technology by accelerating the breakthrough of a number of key core technologies, providing strong technical support for promoting the upgrading of industrial base and the modernization of industrial chain. Focusing on the needs of improving people’s livelihood and well-being, we will provide scientific and technological support for people’s high-quality life by strengthening technology research and development, integrated innovation and transformation and application.

First, actively deploy application foundations and cutting-edge technologies

(A) key basic research and cutting-edge technology

Strengthen the layout of basic research in the frontier of science and technology, optimize the development mechanism and environment of basic research, support the development of basic and forward-looking scientific problems and frontier technology research, and strive to achieve a breakthrough from 0 to 1. Encourage universities and research institutes to focus on advantageous disciplines, advantageous fields and advantageous teams of basic research, and independently lay out basic research. Focusing on the basic needs of technological innovation in key industries in this city, we will accelerate the application of basic research and cutting-edge technology research and development in information technology and life sciences, so as to provide the source power for industrial technological progress. Encourage enterprises as the main body to carry out applied basic research oriented to industrial needs.

1. Information technology. Focus on exploring the theoretical system and new technology of cyberspace security, the theory, design and optimization of complex networked intelligent information physical fusion system, the next generation industrial control system, new display and human-computer interaction system, topological quantum computing, cloud computing, industrial Internet of Things, and key technologies of smart cities.

2. A new generation of artificial intelligence technology. Focus on exploring the key technologies and core theories of precision artificial intelligence, cross-media intelligence, swarm intelligence, human-computer enhanced intelligence and other theories and algorithms, cognitive computing, edge computing chips, intelligent core algorithms and other key common technologies.

3. Life science and medicine. Focus on exploring engineering biology, chemical biology and advanced analytical biotechnology, cell therapy, stem cell and tissue engineering, molecular medicine and other directions. Support research on key technologies for prevention, control, early warning, diagnosis and treatment of major diseases, chronic diseases and epidemics, as well as modern traditional chinese medicine theory and preparations.

4. New energy and new material technology. Vigorously develop basic theories and key technologies in the fields of clean energy, micro-nano energy, power batteries, hydrogen fuel cells and research on new catalysts in the energy field. Explore new structural materials, composite materials, energy materials, biomaterials, chemical and environmental materials, information materials, organic polymer materials under extreme conditions, chiral materials and so on.

5. Intelligent manufacturing technology. Vigorously develop the theory and technology research and development of intelligent equipment performance stability mechanism, man-machine interaction and collaborative control principle, intelligent machining process self-discipline control, uncertain information analysis and accurate prediction, CAD-CAE-CAM coupling manufacturing method based on local geometric field and global physical field.

6. Earth science. Vigorously develop the basic theory and technology of accurate earthquake prediction, marine science and technology and sustainable development, the process and causes of air pollution, the multidimensional influence of global change and human activities, and the environmental resources and sustainable development in the "Belt and Road" region.

(B) Promote interdisciplinary integration and innovation

Deeply grasp the development trend of scientific integration, actively promote the development of marginal and interdisciplinary disciplines, promote the integration and innovation of basic science and applied technology, and expand new fields of scientific and technological innovation.

1. Applied mathematics and interdisciplinary research. Focus on exploring mathematical theories of random analysis, big data analysis and artificial intelligence, scientific and engineering computing theory, computer mathematics and cryptography, DNA storage technology, mathematical theories and methods in network and information science and security.

2. Synthetic chemistry and cross research. Vigorously develop frontier theories and methods of function-oriented new substances, molecular machines, green synthesis, bionic synthesis, structural diversity synthesis, ultra-efficient chiral catalysts and cross-scale chiral synthesis, precise synthesis and functional regulation, and biomass conversion.

3. State control and atomic and molecular physics. Vigorously develop research on the regulation of state of matter, atomic and molecular cluster physics, new physics, new phenomena, new light sources, new optical materials and devices, quantum optics and cold atomic and molecular physics under extreme conditions of time and space.

Second, focus on promoting key core technologies.

(A) a new generation of information technology

Taking Xinchuang industry as a breakthrough, we will strengthen the forward-looking and leading technology layout, seize the strategic commanding heights of the intelligent era, comprehensively promote technological breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, integrated circuits, basic software, advanced computing, advanced communications, network security, blockchain and quantum information, firmly hold more key core technologies in our own hands, build a high-end independent innovation platform, promote the transformation and upgrading of a new generation of information technology enabling industries, build an information technology innovation ecosystem, and promote the high-quality development of the city.

1. artificial intelligence. Research technologies such as big data intelligence, swarm intelligence, cross-media intelligence, hybrid augmented intelligence, autonomous system, decision-making intelligence, brain-like intelligence, virtual reality and augmented reality.

2. Integrated circuits. Research the design and development technology of CPU, GPU and sensor. Breakthrough high-performance general computing chip technology, special-purpose accelerated computing chip technology, hardware security and trusted computing technology; Study characteristic technology and sealing and testing technology, and break through independent IP core and other technical products.

3. Basic software. Study the operating system and database software technology, and strengthen the adaptation to the whole machine based on domestic processors. We will break through the supporting software technology for "changing things from cloud to intelligence", develop industrial software and embedded system core technologies for key areas, and develop various heterogeneous system middleware technologies.

4. Advanced computing. Research supercomputers, Qualcomm quantum computers, heterogeneous and reconfigurable computing, mimicry computing, cloud computing, edge computing and other technologies, promote the integration with big data, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and other technologies, and build a new generation of information infrastructure integrating human, machine, things and intelligent applications.

5. Advanced communication. Research on network communication, optical communication, mobile communication and other technologies, focusing on supporting new generation communication technologies such as 5G, WiFi6, 6G and 10000 GE switches, and strengthening research on related technologies of the Internet of Things.

6. Network security. Research endogenous security, information security and Internet services, online banking data security, IDC and data security, access control, network security visual analysis and other technologies. Research the security architecture for network infrastructure equipment, industrial system control terminals, etc.

7. Blockchain. Research blockchain technologies such as smart contract, consensus algorithm, encryption algorithm and distributed system, build an independent blockchain bottom system, and carry out application demonstrations for logistics, finance, digital currency, smart government, sharing economy and other scenarios.

8. Quantum information. Study quantum computing theory, quantum error correction, quantum computing system, quantum intelligence, quantum communication and other technologies.

(B) Biotechnology and modern medicine

Facing the needs of people’s health and green sustainable development, we will promote continuous innovation in the fields of drugs, medical devices, bio-manufacturing and health, and consolidate and enhance the development level of bio-industry in this city.

1. Innovative drugs. Strengthen the research on the discovery and verification of new targets and precise design of drugs for prevention and treatment of acute infectious diseases such as malignant tumors, major chronic diseases and COVID-19, as well as the frontier key technologies of innovative drugs such as tumor immunotherapy, nucleic acid drugs and antibody drugs, and carry out the research and development of specific diagnostic reagents and therapeutic vaccines. Vigorously develop the research and application of new drugs, early rapid screening of new antibodies, and virtual evaluation technology, and the development of imported substitutes, first imitation drugs urgently needed in clinic, rare disease drugs and children’s drugs. Promote the development of key technologies of new DDS, and innovate clinical research and re-evaluation research of drugs.

2. Chinese medicine. Accelerate the construction of key technology system for the creation of new Chinese medicine, promote the interdisciplinary integration, strengthen the platform construction and technological innovation of component Chinese medicine creation, accelerate the prescription screening optimization and new drug transformation, strengthen the development of intelligent control technology platform and key equipment for the whole process of Chinese medicine pharmacy, and promote the technological innovation of intelligent manufacturing in the whole process. We will promote the discovery of new traditional Chinese medicines through the screening of classic prescriptions, hospital preparations and components, and continue to promote the secondary development of famous Chinese patent medicines, the authentic research of authentic medicinal materials and the substitution research of endangered precious medicinal materials. Strengthen the research on the quality improvement and guarantee technology of Chinese herbal pieces, and improve the whole process traceability system.

3. Medical devices and intelligent medical care. Focusing on clinical needs, we will focus on developing key technologies and products of high-end medical equipment, such as mobile medical imaging equipment, intelligent sensing interactive surgical robots, and artificial intelligence medical auxiliary diagnosis. Development of microfluidic chip, single molecule detection, new medical mass spectrometry, automatic nucleic acid detection and other intelligent in vitro rapid detection technologies and products. We will develop key technologies and products of biomedical materials such as biological 3D printing, cardiovascular implants (suitable for different groups of people), central nervous system repair materials and durable artificial organs, and focus on promoting key technologies and products of monitoring and rehabilitation such as wearable physiological indicators monitoring products and rehabilitation robots. Innovating "internet plus for Chronic Disease Management" mode. Encourage the combination of doctors and workers.

4. Synthetic biotechnology. Focus on the development of a new generation of DNA synthesis, gene editing, protein component artificial design, gene circuit design, digital cell modeling and simulation, chassis cell design optimization, artificial genome synthesis and assembly. Design and construct biosynthetic pathways for high-value compounds, natural products, etc., and focus on supporting the development of technologies such as biosensing and environmental restoration based on synthetic biotechnology, biological utilization of carbon dioxide, diagnosis and treatment of major diseases, and storage of DNA information.

5. Cell and gene therapy. Promote the research and development of biotherapy-related products based on cell and gene editing and their clinical application research, and study and formulate cell-full-chain technology and quality control system that meet international standards. Accelerate the breakthrough of key core technologies such as the new generation of gene editing and CAR-T, and actively explore the clinical research of stem cells, immune cells and gene therapy.

6. Bio-manufacturing. We will develop a new generation of industrial chassis strains based on common technologies such as strain calculation and design, strain automatic creation, super-Qualcomm screening, Qualcomm evaluation and diagnosis, intelligent fermentation and artificial multi-enzyme catalysis. Promote industrial application around key industrial technologies such as industrial fermentation strains, pharmaceutical chemicals, future foods, bio-based materials, biochemistry, and straw biotransformation.

7. Biosafety. Support biological threat risk assessment, monitoring and early warning, detection and traceability, prevention and control, emergency response and other bio-safety related technology research.

(3) Equipment manufacturing

Based on the positioning of building a national advanced manufacturing R&D base, with the innovation and development of equipment manufacturing industry as the main direction, through scientific and technological innovation, we will increase the cultivation of key intelligent manufacturing enterprises, break through a number of key technical equipment and core components, overcome a number of common technologies and software of intelligent manufacturing, promote the deep integration of emerging technologies and equipment manufacturing industry, create several typical application scenarios, and focus on breaking through the technical bottlenecks that restrict high-end equipment manufacturing industry.

1. Industrial robots. We will further promote core components such as high-performance reducers and advanced controllers of industrial robots, research and development, production and integrated application of industrial robots, function and process software oriented to performance improvement, and technical research and product application of a new generation of intelligent industrial robots based on technologies such as 5G, artificial intelligence, intelligent perception and industrial Internet.

2. Intelligent terminal. Accelerate the development of intelligent old-age service terminals, intelligent medical rehabilitation equipment, special robots in non-traditional application scenarios, laser precision processing equipment, advanced manufacturing automation production lines and other technologies and product applications, and break through the high-end CPU manufacturing equipment technology.

3. Advanced rail transit. Vigorously promote the research and product application of new construction technology and core equipment in water-rich areas of urban rail transit, advanced automatic driverless technology of rail transit, intelligent integrated monitoring platform technology, intelligent maintenance equipment and technology, advanced rail transit power supply safety and control technology, and smart subway core equipment and technology based on new generation information technology.

4. Marine engineering equipment. Further promote the research and application of marine functional module construction technology, offshore self-compensation stable platform equipment and technology, offshore wind power efficient manufacturing and installation technology, high-end ships and special ships research and design, repair and modification technology. Accelerate the breakthrough of key core technologies such as special equipment and integration technology for deep-water underwater oil production, deep-sea exploration and polar oil and gas development.

5. High-end CNC machine tools. Accelerate the research and application of CNC gear machining machine tools, CNC compound grinding machines, skin stretch forming equipment, hydraulic servo-driven CNC press system and automatic production line, high-precision servo motorized spindle and other equipment technologies. Breakthrough the research and development, technology and industrialization technology of CNC system for high-end CNC machine tools.

6. High-end instruments and meters. Accelerate the development and application of a new generation of intelligent sensors, new industrial sensors, on-site intelligent instruments for intelligent manufacturing needs, and high-precision comprehensive performance testing technologies and instruments. Breakthrough the key core technologies such as the development of general key components for high-end instruments, the development of intelligent and information instruments, and the data sharing platform.

7. Industrial software. Strengthen the research and development and application of industrial software products such as computer-aided design and simulation, intelligent factory technology and system, industrial collaboration technology and platform, strengthen the degree of safety and reliability and comprehensive integration application ability, promote the software of industrial technology, and further promote the deep integration of a new generation of information technology with artificial intelligence as the core and manufacturing industry.

(4) New energy sources

Focusing on achieving the goal of carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, we will accelerate the construction of a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient new energy technology system, strengthen the research and development and large-scale application of technologies such as photovoltaic and wind power, vigorously develop hydrogen energy, break through key technologies such as energy storage and smart grid, enhance the clean utilization, consumption and storage capacity of traditional energy, explore the research and development and application of nuclear energy technology, and strengthen the supporting capacity of key core technology innovation and innovation platform.

1. Hydrogen energy. Research and development of high-efficiency and low-cost electrolytic hydrogen production, comprehensive energy-supplying fuel cells, high purification and application of by-product hydrogen, large-scale hydrogen energy storage and rapid transmission and distribution technology and equipment, and research on large-scale integration technology of hydrogen energy "production-storage-transportation-addition".

2. Photovoltaic. Research and development of high-efficiency crystalline silicon batteries, perovskite and its laminated batteries and copper indium gallium selenide thin film batteries with new structures and materials, preparation technologies and core equipment, new photovoltaic materials and devices, and advanced photovoltaic converters; The technology of high-efficiency shingle and double-sided assembly is studied.

3. Wind power. Research and development of high-power wind turbines and core components such as main control system, blades and gear boxes, and offshore floating wind turbines and core components; Study the system design, engineering and intelligent operation and maintenance technology of high-power wind turbines.

4. store energy. Research and development of new key materials for energy storage batteries, such as positive and negative electrodes, advanced energy storage technology with high safety, long life, low cost and large scale, large-scale energy storage system integration technology, key influencing factors of energy storage battery capacity decline and life prediction technology, and digital intelligent energy storage system monitoring and control technology.

5. Comprehensive energy utilization. Research technologies and equipment such as distributed and centralized renewable energy power generation and grid-connected active support, efficient operation of smart distribution network, efficient integration of smart microgrid, interaction between supply and demand of multiple users, and digital support of energy Internet.

(5) New energy vehicles and intelligent networked vehicles

Focusing on the construction of a powerful automobile country, we will strengthen the research and development of technologies and equipment such as new energy vehicles and intelligent networked vehicles, accelerate the breakthrough of key core technologies such as new power batteries and management systems, drive motors and power electronics, networking and intelligence, vigorously develop hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, explore unmanned social governance and safety norms, and promote the development of the automobile industry in the direction of electrification, intelligence and networking.

1. New energy vehicle technology. Research high-performance and high-safety power battery and control system, key materials of new system power battery, green and efficient recycling and step utilization technology, fuel battery and its key core components technology, high-efficiency drive motor, automatic gearbox, fuel cell engine and other drive system technologies, and develop technologies and equipment such as vehicle lightweight, control, integration, test evaluation and test verification.

2. Intelligent networked vehicle technology. Research automotive radar, camera, infrared night vision, human-computer interaction and other fusion sensing technologies, high-precision positioning navigation, high-precision map and other positioning navigation technologies, high-order intelligent driving, assisted driving and other decision-making control technologies, research and development of vehicle-to-vehicle network integration technology, vehicle-mounted chip, operating system, information security and other vehicle-mounted computing platform technologies.

(6) New materials

Focusing on the development needs of new materials and petrochemical industry in this city, we will strengthen the layout in the direction of new materials such as electronics, structure, fine chemicals and functions, break through technologies such as high-purity preparation, defect control and microalloying, accelerate the research on advanced electronic materials, rare earth functional materials, high-end alloys, advanced polymers and composite materials, promote the demonstration and application of key technologies of material genetic engineering, build a new material technology innovation system with strong independent innovation capability and significant technical advantages, and provide materials for building a national advanced manufacturing R&D base.

1. Strategic electronic materials. Research on high-purity preparation, micro-defect control and other technologies, and carry out research on large-size silicon single crystal, wide band gap and ultra-wide band gap semiconductor materials, chip packaging materials, new display materials, electronic special gas, photoresist and metal targets that meet advanced processes.

2. Structure and composite materials. Research on lightweight, toughening technology and synergistic improvement technology of strength, toughness and corrosion resistance. Research high-end carbon materials, high-performance fibers and composites, high-performance aluminum/magnesium/titanium materials, tungsten and molybdenum materials, high-strength steel, high-temperature alloys, high-end welding materials and other technologies.

3. Functional and intelligent materials. Study the cross-scale regulation and performance composite technology of functional materials, and promote the technologies of optical functional crystals, superconducting materials, special optical fibers, rare earth permanent magnets/optical functional/catalytic materials, nano materials and so on. Research smart materials such as self-cleaning materials and flame retardant materials.

4. Petroleum and chemical materials. Promote the green and refined development of petrochemical industry, and study technologies such as special engineering plastics, high-end catalysts, special epoxy resins, high-end lubricating oils, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, polyimide, antioxidants, photoinitiators, silicone and organic fluorine.

5. Material genetic engineering. The new equipment for spectral characterization of Qualcomm mass materials, the control method of composition and structure of Qualcomm mass preparation of materials, the calculation method and software platform of Qualcomm mass, and the correlation analysis between calculation and experimental data are studied, and the demonstration application of key technologies of material genetic engineering is carried out.

(7) Aerospace

Striking around the aviation industry chain in innovation chain, integrating innovative resources based on the existing UAV industry, aiming at the superior aerospace technology, focusing on sorting out the breakthrough "stuck neck" and strategically important technologies. Strive to form a higher-level collaborative innovation system of technology research and development, intelligent manufacturing, testing and verification in the aerospace field of this city, and build a leading international aerospace high-end manufacturing bearing area and a well-known aerospace industrial city at home and abroad.

1. UAVs and helicopters. Research on key technologies such as UAV structure, power, cluster control, and experimental testing, and carry out research on the integration of new technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and cloud computing with UAV design, manufacturing, and application technologies.

2. Civil aviation and its supporting facilities. We will study technologies such as the design and manufacture of light aero-engines and special aviation materials, promote the development and production of key technologies for the overall and spare parts of more large aircraft in Tianjin, and deploy supporting technologies for civil aviation in advance.

3. Space technology and applications. Focusing on major national aerospace projects, we will promote the research and development of spacecraft mechanism design, simulation test technology, photoelectric materials, special chips and domestic adaptation software. Develop new methods and technologies in space science and enhance the ability to explore and utilize space.

(VIII) Modern service industry

Carry out research and development and application of collaborative, intelligent and green design technology, and build a number of common technical service platforms. Develop intelligent, nondestructive and rapid detection technologies and products, enhance the supply capacity of inspection and testing services, and improve the quality of development. Develop a new generation of information technologies such as virtual reality and artificial intelligence, and apply demonstrations in industries such as film and television, publishing, entertainment and new media to promote the integration of technology and culture.

Third, promote technological innovation and integrated application of people’s livelihood

(A) modern agriculture

Focusing on the great scientific and technological needs of the green development of modern urban agriculture and the implementation of rural revitalization strategy in this city, we will build a socialized service system of agricultural science and technology to provide scientific and technological support for ensuring food security and structural reform of agricultural supply side.

1. Modern seed industry. Focus on the development of basic and public welfare technologies such as biological breeding technology, agricultural germplasm resources protection and excellent germplasm gene mining in the fields of small station rice, vegetables, livestock and poultry, aquatic products, etc., strengthen the breeding and improvement of new varieties, and promote the construction of commercial breeding system.

2. Deep processing and preservation of agricultural products. Focus on the development of new technologies and technologies for deep processing of agricultural products and foods, monitoring technologies for nutritional components during processing, functional food processing technologies, new food processing with balanced nutrition and personalized nutrition, food processing machinery and equipment, storage and preservation, and cold chain logistics.

3. Food safety. Focus on the development of food processing safety monitoring and control technology, food safety risk monitoring technology, food safety rapid detection technology characterized by simplicity, intelligence and digitalization, Qualcomm high-precision quantitative detection technology, non-directional detection technology, traceability and safety control technology supported by big data.

4. Agricultural bio-manufacturing. Innovate new technologies and methods for agricultural biology research, and focus on the development of agricultural biological products such as biological veterinary drugs, biological pesticides, biological fertilizers, biological feeds, genetically engineered vaccines, plant growth regulators, and bio-based materials.

5. Smart agriculture. Establish an agricultural big data platform, focusing on the development of agricultural intelligent production, intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment, agricultural work robots, intelligent LED plant lighting factories, and traceability technology for agricultural product quality and safety information, so as to promote the development of digital villages and smart agriculture.

6. Green water-saving and energy-saving ecological agriculture. Focus on the development of agricultural water saving, agricultural non-point source pollution control, green and livable villages and towns, rural human settlements and other key technology research and demonstration applications.

7. Socialized service system of agricultural science and technology. Strengthen the construction of agricultural science and technology commissioners, promote agricultural science and technology to enter villages and households, promote the construction of "Xingchuang Tiandi" dual-innovation platform, agricultural science and technology park and agricultural high-tech industry demonstration zone, and focus on promoting integrated demonstration application.

(2) Resources and environment

Facing the basic needs of green development and beautiful Tianjin construction, focusing on the core tasks of continuous improvement of ecological environment quality, environmental risk control and ecological safety, as well as the traditional environmental protection management and supervision, we will promote the two-way deep integration of innovation chain and industrial chain with the support of the whole process pollution prevention and control technology system.

1. Prevention and control of air pollution. Focus on the development of regional smog and photochemical smog prevention and control, operational multi-mode ensemble forecasting and early warning comprehensive analysis platform technology, key pollution sources and high-pollution industries multi-pollutant collaborative control and whole-process control coupling technology, and accurately implement air pollution control and treatment technology and engineering demonstration.

2. Field of water pollution prevention and control. Focus on the development of key technologies such as dynamic identification and pollution simulation analysis of water pollution sources, river sediment dredging and sludge treatment and disposal, urban black and odorous water treatment and water ecological function restoration, and intelligent water affairs, and integrate and develop large-scale, mobile, multifunctional and complete sets of treatment equipment and intelligent platforms.

3. Prevention and remediation of soil pollution. Focus on the development of key technologies such as deep stabilization of heavy metal pollution, in-situ thermal desorption extraction and chemical oxidation, enhanced pretreatment of synthetic agents, and resource utilization of contaminated soil, establish key and common remediation technologies for soils with different pollution levels and combined pollution, and scientifically plan the causes and treatment technologies of soil pollution and engineering demonstrations.

4. Solid waste treatment and recycling. Focus on the development of key technologies such as comprehensive utilization of domestic waste, safe disposal of hazardous waste, recycling of electronic waste, and biogas production from organic waste, build an intelligent green trading platform for waste materials, and promote engineering demonstration and industrialization of waste recycling technology.

5. Marine environmental protection. Focus on the development of key technologies such as the traceability of pollutants in Bohai Bay, the control of marine pollutants, the reduction of pollution load in coastal waters, and the comprehensive regulation of pollutants entering the sea, establish a technological innovation center for the utilization of seawater resources, and carry out research and engineering demonstration on three-dimensional monitoring and pollution control technologies in coastal waters.

6. Protection and restoration of important ecosystems. Focus on the development of key technologies such as the protection of coastal wetlands and ecological restoration of degraded wetlands, the maintenance of water quality of urban landscape rivers and residential areas, and the overall improvement of ecological functions of basic ecological spaces, and implement scientific and technological demonstration projects for ecological restoration and governance of national space.

7. peak carbon dioxide emissions is carbon neutral. Support the popularization and application of key renewable energy technologies such as solar energy, wind energy and biomass energy, promote the combination of renewable energy power generation and energy storage technologies, promote the "merger" of resource advantages among various energy systems, focus on key industries and key fields, focus on developing key technologies of pollution reduction and carbon reduction synergy and zero-carbon industrial process reengineering technology, develop carbon capture and carbon storage technology, and realize the green and low-carbon cycle development of high-carbon industries and fields.

(3) Urban construction and public safety

Focus on green energy conservation, smart cities, social governance, emergency early warning, production safety and other fields, innovate ideas, respect public opinion, and ensure the city’s safety and order in all directions.

1. Green energy saving. Focus on the development of innovative technologies in the industrialized assembly building industry, green building materials manufacturing technologies, green building energy-saving technologies, etc., and promote the formation of specialized, large-scale and information-based production bases based on building standard parts.

2. Smart cities. Combined with the development needs of urban management in this city, we will carry out research on smart city construction and application technologies such as smart heating technology, urban water-saving and energy-saving technology and urban operation perception technology based on meteorological forecast and early warning.

3. Social governance. Focus on the development of key information infrastructure, big data security protection, network security defense, network security law enforcement and other network security governance technologies, and promote efficient and safe law enforcement equipment and technology research and development.

4. Emergency warning. Focus on the development of hazardous chemicals accident handling equipment, general rescue equipment, emergency rescue training equipment, and intelligent war trauma simulation training system, involving emergency rescue equipment technologies such as accident rescue, natural disaster rescue, and public medical assistance.

5. Production safety. Combined with the safe operation of the port in this city and the safety production requirements of various industries, the research on fire monitoring, early warning and prevention technology in high-risk places, information integration and command and decision-making technology in fire fighting and rescue site, new generation fire fighting and rescue technology and equipment, fire emergency simulation drill technology, and fire safety management technology based on Internet of Things and cloud computing will be carried out.

(4) Prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine and clinical medicine.

With the goal of improving people’s health in an all-round way, we will strengthen the innovation and application of monitoring and prevention technologies for common major diseases, chronic diseases and infectious diseases, promote the integrated development of health care and smart medical technology, and strive to build a healthy society.

1. Prevention and treatment of major diseases and infectious diseases. Focus on the development of clinical diagnosis and treatment technologies for major chronic diseases and common frequently-occurring diseases, and real-time rapid detection, diagnosis, medical treatment, monitoring and early warning technologies and equipment for sudden infectious diseases.

2. Health and smart medical care. Focus on the development of intelligent TCM diagnosis and treatment equipment, laboratory medicine and imaging medicine technology, mobile medicine, telemedicine and personalized health management related products and services, non-invasive detection, wearable monitoring, biosensor, health risk factor intervention, behavioral/psychological intervention, prevention and control of common diseases in the elderly and rehabilitation care, medical and nursing support and other technologies and equipment development. Promote the development of rehabilitation medical technologies and products such as rehabilitation treatment, evaluation and prevention.

The third chapter focuses on improving the ability of innovation strategy source

Actively integrate into the strategic layout of national innovation, fully promote the construction of major scientific research facilities and innovation platforms, build Haihe laboratory with high standards, and cultivate strategic scientific and technological strength. Focus on key areas to implement a number of major science and technology projects, and increase efforts to tackle key products and key core technologies.

First, build a strategic scientific and technological force

(1) Layout and construction of major scientific and technological innovation platforms and infrastructure.

Aiming at the national strategic needs, we will accelerate the construction of large-scale earthquake engineering simulation research facilities, a new generation of supercomputers and other platforms to form the ability to undertake major national tasks. Accelerate the construction of an original innovation platform facing the forefront of science and technology, build a high-level platform such as the State Key Laboratory of Component Chinese Medicine and the National Center for Applied Mathematics jointly established by the provincial and ministerial departments, and actively strive to create state key laboratories and chiral science centers such as synthetic biology, new energy conversion and storage, functional crystal materials and devices. Accelerate the construction of national synthetic biotechnology innovation center and national advanced computing industry innovation center, promote the establishment of national advanced operating system manufacturing innovation center, actively build the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei national technology innovation center, promote the construction of national seawater desalination and comprehensive utilization demonstration base, and play its important role in tackling key technologies in industry commonality and enhancing industrial competitiveness. Strive to establish a national clinical medical research center in the fields of traditional Chinese medicine epidemics and nervous system diseases. Give play to the role of a major innovation platform to "build a nest and attract phoenix" and gather and train a group of leading talents and teams in science and technology.

(2) Preparation of Haihe Laboratory

Build Haihe laboratory against the national laboratory, and promote it according to the layout and actual work of the national laboratory. By promoting interdisciplinary integration, we will improve the supply system of common basic technologies and build the core fulcrum of independent innovation and original innovation. By promoting the deep integration of Industry-University-Research, we will improve the efficiency of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and create an important source to lead the development of emerging industries. By promoting the gathering of various innovative elements, optimizing the allocation of scientific research forces, and building an open platform for sharing scientific and technological resources. By improving the evaluation mechanism of science and technology, we will expand the autonomy of scientific research and explore a new paradigm for the reform of science and technology system and mechanism.

Column 1 Direction of Key Areas of Haihe Laboratory

Second, enhance the original innovation ability

(A) relying on major innovation platforms to strengthen basic research

Focusing on the advantages of disciplines, relying on the construction of major innovation platforms such as Haihe Laboratory, Key Laboratory, Cross-innovation Center and Frontier Science Center, we will concentrate superior resources, strengthen the construction of basic disciplines, applied disciplines, emerging disciplines and marginal disciplines, promote the cross-integration of disciplines, and give birth to new fields and new paradigms. Integrate superior resources, strive for projects such as the National Natural Science Foundation, and strive to be at the forefront of the country in the fields of brain-computer interaction, chiral science, applied mathematics, synthetic biology, etc., and seize the commanding heights of the basic frontier. Give play to the role of the national applied mathematics center, concise and solve the mathematical problems in the major national scientific and technological tasks and the major needs of regional and industrial development, and promote the docking and integration of mathematics with engineering application and industrialization. Strengthen and improve the existing state key laboratories, promote the laboratories to focus on major frontier issues, carry out basic research and applied basic research, strive to achieve a number of breakthrough achievements in strategic areas, and enhance the source supply capacity leading innovation-driven development.

(B) to promote the integration of basic research and applied research

In order to solve the major scientific problems in the technological development of key industries, we should build a mechanism to condense basic scientific problems from the practice of industrial development, realize the mutual promotion of basic research and applied research, and break through the source and underlying theory of "stuck neck" technology. We will increase investment in basic research, accelerate the formation of a multi-channel investment mechanism with government input as the mainstay and society, and guide and encourage enterprises and social forces to increase investment in basic research. Encourage enterprises and social forces to set up applied basic research funds in various ways, such as joint investment and donation, and implement relevant tax incentives for basic research.

(3) Promote the construction and sharing of basic platforms for science and technology.

Accelerate the construction of the national field scientific observation and research station in the coastal key zone around Bohai Sea, and explore important decision-making suggestions and scientific solutions for the green and coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Docking the national scientific and technological literature infrastructure, facing all kinds of scientific and technological innovation subjects in the city, and building a safe and reliable scientific and technological information resource discovery service platform. Strengthen research on technologies such as data mining and intelligence analysis for scientific and technological information, and improve the ability of deep processing of data and deep integration of information. We will improve the multi-party linkage, open and collaborative service system for open sharing of scientific and technological resources, and strengthen the effective integration of high-quality scientific and technological resources in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.

Third, comprehensively enhance the ability of independent innovation

(A) to strengthen the core technology research capabilities

Adhere to the demand and problem orientation, focus on key areas, and strengthen the layout in the technical direction of "maintaining the existing advantages", "solving the problem of" sticking the neck "and" seizing the strategic areas in the future ". Focus on basic software and hardware, advanced communication, new functional materials, new energy and intelligent networked vehicles, modern traditional chinese medicine, synthetic biotechnology, high-end medical devices and other key areas, and organize the implementation of major science and technology projects. Actively serve the country’s major strategic needs and actively strive for the implementation of major tasks such as major national science and technology projects and key national R&D plans in Tianjin. Take the way of revealing the list, selecting the best and entrusting the best, relying on leading enterprises, give full play to the role of market mechanism, promote the integrated allocation of major special projects, platforms, talents and funds, overcome a number of key core technologies that are highly dependent on foreign countries, form a number of superior technologies that occupy the forefront of world science and technology, and provide strong support for ensuring the safety and stability of industrial chain supply chain.

(B) to enhance the empowerment of scientific and technological innovation

Strengthen the empowerment of science and technology around the manufacturing industry, make great efforts to promote the improvement of industrial innovation ability focusing on the innovation industry, bio-industry and high-end equipment manufacturing, deploy innovation chain around the industrial chain, produce a number of landmark achievements, create innovative application scenarios, promote the accelerated iteration of technological innovation and the rapid industrialization and large-scale application of achievements, and support and lead the industry to move towards the middle and high end. Strengthen the support of artificial intelligence, blockchain, Internet of Things, big data, green manufacturing and other technologies for the transformation and upgrading of traditional advantageous industries such as aerospace, petrochemical industry and automobile industry.

The fourth chapter focuses on improving the innovation system

Strengthen the main position of enterprise innovation, and promote enterprises to become the main body of technological innovation decision-making, R&D investment, scientific research organization and achievement transformation. Strengthen the cultivation of innovative enterprises and high-tech enterprise groups, give play to the important role of entrepreneurs in technological innovation, and encourage enterprises to increase investment in research and development. Improve the service efficiency of innovation and entrepreneurship incubation platform and expand the scale of scientific and technological entrepreneurship groups. Enhance the innovation strength of colleges and universities and support the construction of research universities. Focus on attracting national-level courtyards.

First, strengthen the dominant position of enterprise innovation

(A) the implementation of the national high-tech enterprise multiplication action plan

According to the idea of "preserving quantity, promoting increment, cultivating seedlings, introducing excellent seedlings and building ecology", we will promote the "multi-database linkage" between the high-tech enterprise cultivation database and the enterprise registration information database and intellectual property database, and guide talents, services, policies and capital to gather in high-tech enterprises according to the working mechanism of selection+warehousing+cultivation+identification. Adhere to the direction of solving the problems of high-tech enterprises, implement the action of accurately finding seedlings and raising seedlings, build an industrial innovation chain where high-tech enterprises gather, and promote high-tech enterprises to become the main force of innovation ecology.

(B) Vigorously promote the gradient cultivation of high-growth enterprises

Establish a gradient cultivation mechanism of "young eagle-gazelle-leader", strengthen the cultivation of unicorn enterprises, and strengthen accurate support in application scenarios and data support. Establish a regular publishing mechanism for enterprise lists, and guide financial capital and social resources to support enterprise development through regular publishing by third parties. Cultivate a number of innovative leading enterprises in key areas, encourage them to increase investment in basic research and applied basic research, and play an important role in building strategic scientific and technological strength and undertaking major scientific and technological tasks.

(3) Further promoting scientific and technological innovation and entrepreneurship

Strengthen the linkage between cities and districts, build a national-level dual-innovation demonstration base at a high level, and create incubation carriers such as creative space, incubators, small and micro-enterprise entrepreneurial innovation demonstration bases, college students’ entrepreneurial incubation bases, and innovative carriers of overseas talents. We will continue to hold events such as "Innovation Week", Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition and "Maker China" to further enhance the "heat" and "concentration" of innovation and entrepreneurship. Give full play to the role of platform-based resource linking and integration of large enterprises, and strive to promote open innovation and fission entrepreneurship of enterprises. Vigorously promote frontier technology entrepreneurship in colleges and universities, promote subversive technology and product iteration, strengthen application demonstration and scene innovation, and incubate new products, new enterprises and new formats.

(D) Promote the concentration of innovation elements to enterprises

Increase the layout of technological innovation and service platforms in enterprises, support qualified enterprises to integrate resources to form common technology platforms or scientific and technological innovation bases, and strengthen the research and development of common key technologies (services) and the cultivation of industrial chains. Give play to the important role of entrepreneurs in technological innovation, encourage and guide entrepreneurs to participate in scientific and technological decision-making, carry out innovative research and undertake major scientific and technological tasks. Increase the support for R&D investment of enterprises, and implement the policy of increasing the deduction ratio of R&D expenses. Implement the tax policies for venture capital enterprises and angel investment individuals to invest in seed and start-up technology-based enterprises. Promote the construction of an enterprise-led innovation ecosystem, support leading enterprises to co-ordinate upstream and downstream innovation resources in the industry, and take the lead in forming a systematic and task-based innovation consortium.

Second, improve the innovation ability of colleges and universities

(A) efforts to enhance the innovative ability of colleges and universities

Adhere to the trinity of talent training, discipline construction and scientific and technological innovation, further optimize the layout of scientific research system in colleges and universities, and support the construction of high-level research universities. Support universities to build scientific research infrastructure, key laboratories, school-enterprise joint laboratories and other innovative platforms, undertake major scientific and technological tasks of national and regional development, and strive to form new competitive advantages in the forefront of science and technology and industrial development. Encourage colleges and universities to carry out interdisciplinary collaborative research for the development trend of disciplines, and deploy and build a number of cross-innovation centers around key areas. Guide colleges and universities to serve regional economic development, establish a linkage mechanism between talent training, scientific and technological innovation and industrial development, and transform scientific research and talent advantages into new kinetic energy for regional development.

(B) efforts to enhance the innovation strength of scientific research institutions

Encourage the central scientific research institutes in Tianjin to strengthen cooperation and resource integration, build a major innovation platform, attract top talent teams, undertake major national strategic tasks, and build a number of first-class scientific research institutions. Efforts will be made to attract state-level compound universities, promote the establishment of branches in Tianjin by the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the China Academy of Medical Sciences, and introduce a number of scientific research institutions such as the Hydrogeological Environment Investigation Center of the China Geological Survey. Deepen the reform and development of municipal scientific research institutions, establish and improve the classification evaluation system of scientific research institutions, expand the autonomy of scientific research institutions, promote the reform of mixed ownership of applied and transformed scientific research institutions, and promote the large-scale brand development of scientific research institutions. Encourage scientific research institutions to implement multiple distribution mechanisms such as annual salary system, agreed salary and project salary for high-level talents. Encourage all kinds of enterprises, colleges and universities to build various forms of new research and development institutions, and build a market-oriented operation mechanism with demand orientation, independent operation, independent accounting, indefinite preparation and indefinite level.

Third, optimize the layout of the scientific and technological innovation platform system

(A) to promote the construction of scientific and technological innovation platform

Adhere to the combination of demand orientation and discipline orientation, carry out the optimization and integration of municipal laboratories, establish a dynamic adjustment mechanism, and increase support for outstanding municipal key laboratories. Focusing on major original innovations and key core technologies, we will strive to build a multi-level, wide-ranging and distinctive laboratory system. Around the construction and improvement of modern industrial technology system, support the construction of a number of technological innovation centers, industrial innovation centers, manufacturing innovation centers, engineering research centers, etc., and form a technological innovation platform system with step development, multiple synergies and deep integration of Industry-University-Research. Encourage enterprises, universities and colleges to participate in global scientific and technological innovation cooperation, build joint laboratories with countries and regions along the Belt and Road, and support enterprises to establish overseas R&D centers. Optimize the public science and technology service platform system such as technical research, inspection and testing, quality standards and large-scale instruments, and improve the basic support and shared service capabilities.

(2) Improve the system and mechanism for the construction of scientific and technological innovation platforms.

By strengthening the co-construction of ministries and cities, cooperation between central and local governments, regional cooperation, cooperation between districts and schools, and cooperation between schools and enterprises, we will integrate innovative superior resources and promote the construction of various scientific and technological innovation platforms. Give play to the decisive role of the market in the allocation of innovative resources, adhere to market dominance and government guidance, establish a diversified investment mechanism combining financial funds with social capital, and improve the performance-oriented and dynamic adjustment classification evaluation mechanism.

Chapter V Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements and the Construction of Supporting System

Adhere to the principle of "building a career by using", strengthen the construction of industrialization carriers for the transformation of achievements, such as university science parks, industrial technology research institutes and demonstration zones for the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productive forces. Improve the service system for the transfer and transformation of achievements, break through the obstacles and difficulties in the transformation of achievements, and promote the market-oriented flow of technical factors.

First, strengthen the construction of industrialization carrier of achievement transformation

(A) comprehensively promote the construction of university science parks

Fully implement the guidance of Tianjin Municipal People’s Government on accelerating the construction of Tianjin University Science Park and the three-year action plan (2021-2023) for the construction of Tianjin University Science Park. Give full play to the "double subject" role of universities and their districts, promote the linkage of "university campus, science and technology park and urban community", and explore the innovation of management mode and operation mechanism. Relying on the advantages of colleges and universities, combined with the development orientation and industrial layout of the area, we will build university science parks in the modes of "one school, one park", "one school, many parks" and "many schools, one park", and build university science parks with regional characteristics in the resource-intensive areas of colleges and universities. Encourage qualified scientific research institutes to build their own science parks or participate in university science parks. Support Beijing-Hebei universities to build university science park branches in this city. Support Binhai New Area to strengthen cooperation with universities and promote the construction of "Twin Cities". Make the University Science Park the "first stop" for the transformation of university achievements, the "core incubator" for regional innovation and entrepreneurship and the "cradle" for emerging industries.

(B) efforts to promote the construction of industrial technology research institutes

Strengthen the linkage between cities and districts, give further play to the main role of construction in each district, promote the close connection between the innovative resources of the Industrial Technology Research Institute and the industries in each district around the leading industries and technical needs, and give full play to the functions of the Industrial Technology Research Institute in gathering resources, technology supply, transformation and incubation, talent transportation, etc., so as to achieve win-win cooperation and sharing. Support the provision of key common technologies, product prototypes, production processes, equipment and other technological achievements to the society, accelerate the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and enhance self-hematopoietic capacity. Promote the internal entrepreneurship of the Industrial Technology Research Institute, and spawn a number of scientific and technological enterprises.

(C) to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements to support regional economic development

Promote the construction of national and municipal demonstration zones for the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements, create a highland for the transformation of achievements, and promote regional innovation and development from point to area. Give full play to the advantages of regional scientific and technological resources and industrial resources, and form a number of new models of achievement transfer and transformation with local characteristics and demonstration and popularization through pioneering and testing. Accelerate the construction of "Science and Technology Innovation China" pilot city, form a long-term mechanism for deep integration of service technology and economy, build a professional service system, open up channels for sinking technology, talents and resources at home and abroad, and introduce innovative resources from China Association for Science and Technology to serve key industries and regional economic development.

Second, improve the service ability of industrialization of achievements transformation

(A) get through the difficulties in implementing the achievement transformation policy.

We will further promote the innovation of the system and mechanism for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities, and establish a performance evaluation system that is conducive to promoting the transformation of achievements. Encourage colleges and universities to fully implement the reform of the right to use, dispose of and benefit from scientific and technological achievements, and give the achievements-completers the ownership or long-term use right of scientific and technological achievements. Promote the transformation of post scientific and technological achievements into cash reward tax policies. Implement the due diligence exemption system, and those who have fulfilled their due diligence obligations in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements will not make negative comments.

(B) to build a high-level technology transfer system

Taking the municipal scientific and technological achievements trading platform as the core, we will develop four types of technology transfer institutions, including regions, universities, colleges, industries and services, and build a technology transfer network that is interconnected with domestic and foreign technology markets. Establish a library of scientific and technological achievements and a library of enterprise technical requirements, create a market-oriented flow platform for scientific and technological achievements such as scientific and technological achievements display and trading, supply and demand docking, and achievement financing, and promote the market-oriented flow of technological factors. Carry out the brand activity of "Qiao Jinmen with Scientific and Technological Achievements". Establish a multi-level training system for transferred talents and promote the construction of professional talents. Promote the construction of concept verification centers in colleges and universities and give play to the role of enterprise science and technology commissioners. Encourage enterprises to build a pilot ripening base for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and cultivate a number of demonstration enterprises for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.

The sixth chapter strengthens the open collaborative innovation led by Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei.

Give play to the role of advanced manufacturing R&D base, focus on the agglomeration and interaction of various scientific and technological innovation elements, promote the double-chain integration of innovation chain industrial chain, further promote the construction of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei collaborative innovation community, create an important source of independent innovation and the main source of original innovation, and build a regional innovation center with national influence. Optimize the spatial pattern of scientific and technological innovation, and build a number of scientific and technological innovation gathering areas and innovative symbol areas with prominent leading industries around the advantages of science, education, industry and location in each district. Coordinate the promotion of regional scientific and technological cooperation, actively integrate into the global innovation network and the "Belt and Road" scientific and technological innovation community, and promote the formation of an open and collaborative innovation pattern.

I. Deepening the Construction of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Collaborative Innovation Community

(A) into the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei science and technology innovation system

Actively integrate into the construction of Beijing International Science and Technology Innovation Center and the innovation and development of xiong’an new area, and jointly build a national innovation infrastructure and a national science and technology innovation base. We will build a number of industrial technology alliances, industrial technology innovation platforms and public service platforms to undertake the application and transformation of Beijing’s basic research and original achievements in this city. Promote universities, colleges and innovative leading enterprises in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei to optimize and integrate innovative resources, strengthen the integration of industrial chains in innovation chain around key industrial fields, and build innovative industrial clusters. Promote the synergy and interaction of science and technology innovation policies, and strengthen the mechanisms of high-tech enterprise qualification, mutual recognition of science and technology innovation vouchers and sharing of large scientific research instruments. Promote the sharing of scientific and technological information resources and establish a sharing mechanism for scientific and technological data, scientific and technological talents and scientific and technological achievements in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.

(B) to promote the construction of regional innovation networks

Realize interconnection with Beijing and Hebei technology transfer institutions, give play to the role of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei scientific and technological achievements transformation alliance, set up Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei scientific and technological achievements transformation fund, make good use of SDIC Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei scientific and technological achievements transformation venture capital fund, attract high-level achievements of state-level colleges and universities to Tianjin for transformation, and promote cross-regional financing and cooperation of technical factors. Actively integrate into the construction of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei National Technology Innovation Center, continue to deepen cooperation with China Academy of Sciences, China Academy of Engineering, Tsinghua University, Peking University, etc., and drive Industry-University-Research to tackle key problems with cross-regional and cross-disciplinary cooperation of various innovative entities.

(3) Promote the deep integration of regional innovation chain and industrial chain.

Focusing on the development of "Jincheng" and "Binhai", we will promote the formation of scientific and technological innovation and development zones with reasonable layout, dense elements, excellent environment and strong vitality from Zhongguancun in Beijing to Binhai in Tianjin, accelerate the innovation and development of important nodes such as universities and science parks, build Beijing-Tianjin collaborative innovation centers such as Binhai-Zhongguancun Science Park and Baodi Beijing-Tianjin Zhongguancun Science and Technology City, and support Dongli, Jinnan, Beichen and Jinghai to build Beijing-Tianjin micro-innovation centers. Deepen the scientific and technological cooperation of "Tongwu Gallery". Promote the joint development of Beijing and Tianjin National New Generation Artificial Intelligence Innovation and Development Experimental Zones.

Column 2 Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center

Second, create a new pattern of innovation space

(A) the construction of scientific and technological innovation mark area

Around the national strategy and the development needs of key industries, relying on various districts and functional areas, we will establish an integrated and coordinated development model of "innovation platform+enterprise incubation+industrial park", create an excellent industrial innovation ecology, and create a number of innovative symbol areas with themes and souls.

Column 3 Create a number of innovative sign areas

(B) to create a gathering area for scientific and technological innovation

Relying on the innovation resources and endowment foundation of each district, we will strive to build a number of innovation gathering areas with rich scientific and technological elements, rich innovation concentration, leading innovation and strong driving force. Relying on Nankai District, Tianjin University and Nankai University, we will work together to build a sailing innovative industrial zone. Relying on the construction of the national dual-innovation demonstration base in Dongli District, we will build a research and development industry cluster and a demonstration zone for the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Deepen the innovation of the system and mechanism of Haihe Education Park, speed up the deep integration of Industry-University-Research, and build a "Tianjin Wisdom Valley". Focusing on the advantages of science and education resources and technological innovation, we will promote Hongqiao, Xiqing, Beichen and Baodi to create innovative gathering areas with regional characteristics.

(3) Promote the construction of national independent innovation demonstration zones with high quality.

Focus on the positioning goal of "innovation main body gathering area, industrial development leading area, transformation and upgrading leading area and open innovation demonstration area" given by the State Council, promote the gathering of high-growth, high-tech and high-value enterprises, build an innovative industrial cluster with Xinchuang industry as the primary industry, build a high-energy scientific and technological innovation platform, gather high-end industrial innovative talents, improve the scientific and technological service system, and explore the development of "double self-linkage" (the linkage development of national independent innovation demonstration zone and free trade pilot zone) Consolidate the achievements of the reform of statutory institutions in Binhai High-tech Zone, further promote reform and innovation, and constantly improve the innovative policy system such as "creating a pass" to create a first-class business environment that is livable, suitable for business and suitable for creation.

(D) High standards to promote the construction of artificial intelligence experimental areas

Accelerate the research and development of related technologies of the new generation of artificial intelligence, focus on the application of autonomous computing engine, smart port and vehicle networking, promote the major application scenarios of urban management, intelligent transportation, autonomous computing and vehicle networking, build a national benchmark area for smart city construction, a national pilot area for autonomous computing engine, a national demonstration area for smart port and a national pilot area for vehicle networking application, and build a number of new landmarks of artificial intelligence to promote the deep integration of artificial intelligence and economic and social development.

Third, strengthen open innovation at home and abroad

(1) Promoting regional scientific and technological cooperation as a whole.

Focusing on the needs of industrial innovation in this city, we will promote the twinning and co-construction of interregional parks, joint research of projects, collaborative joint construction of platforms, and open sharing of resources. Deepen cooperation among ministries, municipalities, colleges and universities. Support well-known domestic enterprises and universities to set up R&D platforms in Tianjin. Encourage enterprises and universities in this city to take the lead in forming and participating in cross-regional industrial technology innovation alliances. Support major innovation platforms to innovate operational mechanisms and carry out scientific research cooperation with foreign enterprises and scientific research institutions. Strengthen scientific and technological counterpart support and assistance to Xinjiang, Tibet, Gansu and other places.

(2) Strengthening international cooperation in scientific and technological innovation.

Promote the implementation of more open, inclusive and mutually beneficial international scientific and technological cooperation, explore new modes and paths of international cooperation, and deepen the "Belt and Road" international scientific and technological cooperation. Deepen cooperation with Northern Europe in the fields of intelligent manufacturing, creative design and clean energy technology, and strengthen scientific and technological cooperation with Russia, Israel, Italy, Japan and other countries and regions. Relying on international high-end forums such as World Intelligence Congress and Summer Davos Forum, we will attract global innovation resources and promote scientific and technological humanities exchanges. Encourage leading scientific and technological enterprises to strengthen the global R&D layout, and set up overseas R&D promotion centers and Sino-foreign joint research centers. Encourage universities and scientific research institutions with advantages to undertake key projects of intergovernmental international scientific and technological cooperation and international aid projects. Relying on various strategic scientific and technological forces to build an international technical cooperation network and encourage powerful institutions to participate in the implementation of international scientific plans and projects.

Chapter VII Building a Highland for Talent Gathering

Carry out the policy of respecting labor, knowledge, talents and creativity, build an upgraded version of Haihe Talents Action Plan, vigorously introduce high-level talents at home and abroad, increase the training of outstanding talents, industry leaders and highly skilled talents, cultivate outstanding young scientific and technological talents, strengthen the combination of talents and education, and pay attention to cultivating students’ innovative consciousness and ability. Deepen the reform of talent development system and mechanism, and improve the innovation incentive and guarantee mechanism.

First, accelerate the gathering of high-end talents

(A) vigorously attract high-end talents at home and abroad

Adhere to the combination of long-term employment and flexible introduction, and vigorously introduce high-level talents at home and abroad. Gather high-end innovative talents and teams around the catalogue of high-end talents in short supply and the map of scientific and technological innovative talents. We will build an upgraded version of the action plan of "Haihe Talents", unblock the channels for the introduction of young people and talents in short supply, and promote the mode of "enterprises put forward lists and the government takes orders" for talents urgently needed by national high-tech enterprises. Support Binhai New Area to build a special talent zone, promote the establishment of a through train system for foreign affairs examination and approval, further promote the construction of offshore innovation and entrepreneurship bases for overseas talents, support and encourage foreign high-end talents to apply for permanent residence in China, and build an international talent gathering area.

(B) to strengthen multi-level personnel training

In-depth implementation of the outstanding talent training plan, focusing on selecting and training a group of academicians’ reserve talents, selecting and training thousands of outstanding young scientific and technological talents, and creating more world-class scientific and technological leaders and innovative teams. Increase the support of young talents to promote the development of more college graduates staying in Tianjin. Promote universities, research institutes and enterprises to jointly build postdoctoral workstations and attract more doctors to gather in Tianjin. Innovate the talent training mechanism and talent evaluation and employment system in colleges and universities, actively carry out "order-based" training, and promote talent training in colleges and universities to serve more scientific and technological innovation and industrial development. Strengthen the training of industry leaders and accelerate the work of innovation and entrepreneurship alliances for top ten industrial talents such as drones and new materials. Strengthen the training of high-skilled talents such as "Haihe craftsmen", build a team of high-quality skilled talents, and train more craftsmen from big countries. Carry forward the entrepreneurial spirit, strengthen the construction of the entrepreneurial team, and build an entrepreneurial team with distinctive characteristics of the times, national characteristics and world standards.

Second, fully stimulate the vitality of talents

(A) innovative talent evaluation methods

Improve the evaluation system of scientific and technological talents oriented to innovation ability, quality, effectiveness and contribution. Deepen the reform of the professional title system and give employers and industry organizations the main position in talent evaluation. Broaden the channels for evaluating professional titles of private enterprises. Implement evaluation methods such as representative evaluation, and appropriately extend the evaluation cycle of basic research talents and young talents.

(2) Improve the innovation incentive and guarantee mechanism.

We will build a revenue distribution mechanism that fully reflects the value of innovative elements such as knowledge and technology, and improve the rights sharing mechanism of scientific research personnel’s job inventions. Guided by market value, strengthen talent incentives, take scientific research projects as a link and industrial cooperation as a bridge, promote the two-way flow of scientific and technological talents, support scientific researchers to leave their posts and start businesses, and enterprises to develop talents to serve in colleges and universities, so as to realize the sharing, orderly flow and virtuous circle of talent resources.

Third, continue to optimize the talent environment

Support the talent team to carry the project "transplanting with soil", implement the "project+team" service model, and provide personalized services for the talent team. Give play to the decisive role of the market in the allocation of human resources, strengthen the radiation-driven role of national human resources service industrial parks, accelerate the cultivation of a number of leading human resources service enterprises in the fields of headhunting, management consulting and service outsourcing, and provide customized services such as high-end talent search, selection and recommendation, and introduction training for employers and talents. Establish a team of professional talent service specialists, provide active service, accurate service and extended service, improve supporting service guarantee measures, help solve practical problems of housing, children’s education, medical care and other talents, and make Tianjin a hot spot for all kinds of talents to innovate and start businesses and realize their dreams.

Chapter VIII Creating an Excellent Innovation Ecology

Deepen the reform of scientific and technological innovation system and accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological management functions from R&D management to innovative services. Improve project management and investment, and build a key core technology attack and emergency mechanism. Strengthen the legal protection of scientific and technological innovation and strengthen the application of intellectual property rights and technical standards. Vigorously carry forward the scientific spirit, strengthen the construction of study style and work style, improve the scientific research integrity system, promote the in-depth development of popular science in the whole region, and create a social atmosphere that advocates innovation.

First, improve the macro-management system of science and technology

(A) improve the scientific and technological innovation decision-making and coordination mechanism

We will implement the requirements of "grasping strategy, grasping reform, grasping planning and grasping service", accelerate the transformation of science and technology management functions from R&D management to innovative services, and enhance the ability of science and technology governance in setting strategies, principles, policies, creating environment and improving services. Strengthen the construction of macro-decision-making mechanism, give full play to the role of scientific and technological innovation think tank, and improve the service mechanism of scientific and technological information and statistics. Improve the overall coordination mechanism of scientific and technological innovation, and strengthen the coordination of various departments in planning, policy promotion and project implementation. Strengthen the linkage between cities and districts through the joint construction of the working mechanism between the Municipal Science and Technology Bureau and the people’s governments of all districts, and form a joint effort to promote the implementation of major tasks. Give full play to the positive role of enterprises, universities, associations and other innovative subjects, and form a new pattern of multi-participation, collaborative and efficient science and technology management.

(B) further promote the reform of scientific and technological evaluation

Deepen the reform of project evaluation, talent evaluation and institutional evaluation, and implement the main responsibility of evaluation reform of scientific research units. We will promote the classified evaluation of scientific research activities and deepen the reform of the tracking and classified evaluation system for basic research, applied research and technology development projects. Improve the evaluation mechanism of scientific and technological achievements and encourage the output of high-quality scientific and technological achievements. Reform and improve the science and technology award system and establish mechanisms such as open nomination. Promote scientific research institutes to implement articles of association management according to laws and regulations, and give scientific research institutes and leading talents greater scientific research autonomy. Encourage new R&D institutions to explore institutional breakthroughs in operating mechanism, achievement transformation and personnel training.

(3) Strengthening the supervision system of science and technology

Constantly enhance the standardization and scientificity of scientific and technological supervision, establish a supervision and management mechanism of prior commitment, in-process supervision and after-the-fact performance evaluation, strengthen the main responsibility of legal persons, establish a random inspection and special evaluation system, strengthen supervision and inspection of scientific and technological projects, and further optimize the supervision and management of scientific research.

Second, improve the management mechanism of science and technology projects

(A) to establish a scientific and reasonable project organization.

Follow the laws of scientific research and technological innovation, deepen the reform of science and technology plan management, adapt to the needs of different research tasks and organizational paradigms, and form a project classification management mechanism. Comprehensive use of open competition, directional entrustment and other ways to explore new forms of project organization. Establish a scientific and technological project selection mechanism mainly determined by the market, explore and optimize the project team selection method, improve the scientific and technological investment model combining stable support with competitive funds, and improve the performance management mechanism in line with scientific research laws. Give full play to the role of third-party professional organizations in project process management, and improve professional management level and service efficiency.

(B) to build a technical attack and emergency mechanism

In the process of promoting the layout of scientific and technological research and development and tackling key technical problems, we will improve and explore the mechanism of tackling key technical problems and emergency response. For strategic tasks such as major science and technology projects, the management methods such as "unveiling the list system+milestones" will be implemented. For the scientific research tasks facing the needs of enterprises, we should improve the competition and crowdsourcing of scientific research, and explore the task management methods such as "reward system incentives" and "racing first". Focus on public health, major disasters and other major emergency scientific and technological needs, establish a rapid response and emergency support mechanism for major emergencies, and improve the mechanism and organizational system for disease prevention and control and public health scientific research combined with peacetime and wartime.

(C) improve the diversified investment mechanism

Increase financial investment in science and technology, optimize expenditure structure, fully implement budget performance management, and improve the efficiency of capital use. Give play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, guide and encourage enterprises and social forces to increase investment in science and technology, and accelerate the establishment and improvement of a diversified, multi-level and multi-channel investment system in science and technology. Guide the whole society’s investment in science and technology to basic research and applied research, and increase the proportion of basic research and applied research funds in the whole society’s research and experimental development (R&D) expenditure. Expand the channels for social investment in scientific and technological innovation.

Third, optimize the environment for scientific and technological innovation

(A) improve the system of laws and regulations.

Improve the system of laws and policies on scientific and technological innovation, and revise and formulate relevant laws and regulations on scientific and technological innovation in a timely manner according to the new situation. Implement the national and municipal laws and regulations on scientific and technological progress, promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and popularize science, and increase publicity and popularization. Promote administration according to law in the field of scientific and technological innovation, and safeguard and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of all parties in scientific and technological innovation. Strengthen the coordination and convergence of policies of various departments such as science and technology, industry and information technology, education, people’s society and state-owned assets.

(B) improve the financial support innovation system

Form an equity investment system with active capital accumulation. Set up angel parent fund, encourage powerful universities, institutes and parks to set up venture capital funds, and form a "special investment+angel investment+venture capital+industrial investment" equity investment system covering the whole life cycle of science and technology enterprises. We will implement the listing and cultivation project of science and technology enterprises, and jointly set up Tianjin base with Shenzhen Stock Exchange, Shanghai Stock Exchange and New Third Board to promote more science and technology enterprises to land in the capital market. Establish a science and technology credit system with convenient and efficient financing. Support and encourage financial institutions to establish franchises for technology enterprises, innovate financial products, shorten the examination and approval process, improve the tolerance of non-performing loans of small and medium-sized technology enterprises, increase the support of technology guarantees, explore the development of technology insurance, technology leasing, intellectual property rights and debt receivable pledge financing, and broaden the functional application and application scope of free trade accounts (FT accounts). Create a regional service brand in technology and finance and improve the service system in technology and finance. We will build a number of professional docking service platforms in technology and finance, and carry out special technology and finance training and docking roadshows.

(3) Strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights and the application of technical standards

Promote the high-quality creation of intellectual property rights and cultivate a group of enterprises with independent intellectual property rights and core competitiveness. Strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights and promote the "three-in-one" trial mechanism reform of intellectual property rights civil, criminal and administrative cases. Strengthen the use of intellectual property rights, support Binhai New Area and Dongli District to build high-level pilot cities of the national intellectual property operation service system, promote the financing of intellectual property pledge, and promote the transformation and application of more innovative achievements. Give full play to the role of China (Tianjin) Intellectual Property Protection Center and China (Binhai New Area) Intellectual Property Protection Center. Support institutions of higher learning, scientific research institutions, enterprises and other social organizations to take the lead or participate in the drafting and revision of various standards to form a standard system with independent intellectual property rights.

(D) to strengthen the style of study.

Strengthen the construction of study style and work style, vigorously carry forward the spirit of scientists, and tell the stories of scientists well. Create a good innovation culture atmosphere that respects innovation, talents, knowledge and tolerance of failure. Comprehensively strengthen the propaganda of scientific and technological innovation in the new era, and enhance the whole society’s understanding of Tianjin’s scientific and technological innovation and development. Strengthen the construction of scientific research integrity, improve the construction of scientific research integrity information system, strengthen the joint disciplinary mechanism of scientific and technological circles, improve the credit information sharing mechanism with municipal credit information platforms and other social fields, and create a good scientific research environment.

(E) Promote the in-depth development of global science popularization.

Adhere to the popularization of science as important as scientific and technological innovation, and promote the in-depth development of popular science in the whole region. We will implement coordinated action in all areas of global science popularization, further improve the global science popularization laws and policies system, improve the global science popularization working mechanism, continue to carry out key science popularization activities, and build professional science popularization brands. Improve the supply capacity of popular science resources, and establish an online and offline collection, review, release and evaluation mechanism for popular science products. Implement the territorial responsibility of global science popularization, vigorously implement the project of benefiting the people by science popularization, and improve the overall level of grassroots science popularization position construction and grassroots science popularization service ability. Strengthen the construction of popular science venues, infrastructure and informatization, start the construction of the new Tianjin Science and Technology Museum, and complete the construction of the modern science and technology museum system in Tianjin. Further promote the all-media wisdom communication of popular science and continuously enrich the channels of popular science communication. Vigorously cultivate the team of popular science talents, implement the scientific quality action of key groups, and comprehensively improve the scientific quality of citizens.

Chapter IX Strengthening the Guarantee of Planning Implementation

First, adhere to the leadership of the party

Insist on arming the mind with the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, guide practice and promote work, thoroughly study and implement the important exposition of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary on scientific and technological innovation, strengthen the Party’s leadership over scientific and technological work and the top-level design of scientific and technological innovation, and comprehensively promote the deployment of major decisions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on scientific and technological innovation and the deployment requirements of the municipal party committee and municipal government. Guided by the party’s political construction, we will strictly manage the party’s main responsibility and supervision responsibility in an all-round way, and comprehensively improve the quality of party building in the science and technology system.

Second, strengthen organization and coordination

Under the overall organization of the municipal leading group for science and technology, we will give full play to the functions of the leading group for the development of small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises in the city and the special group for the reform of the scientific and technological system of the comprehensive deepening reform Committee of the municipal party Committee. To improve the policy coordination and work coordination mechanism, all districts, departments and units should closely coordinate and cooperate, improve the working mechanism, carefully organize and implement, strengthen coordinated promotion, and promote the formation of a strong joint force for planning and implementation.

Third, optimize the operation mechanism

Strengthen the leading role of planning in the layout of scientific and technological tasks and resource allocation, and build an effective linkage mechanism between planning and task integration. Strengthen the organic connection between the annual plan and the planning and deployment, and incorporate the main indicators and tasks into the annual work focus. Carry out dynamic monitoring of planning implementation, adjust planning indicators and key tasks in time according to the monitoring and evaluation results, and take the monitoring and evaluation results as an important basis for optimizing resource allocation and improving science and technology management.

China National Intellectual Property Administration order

No.55

　　According to the provisions of Article 122 of the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Patent Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the examination guide published on May 24, 2006 and implemented on July 1, 2006 is revised. The revised patent examination guidelines are hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of February 1, 2010.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Director Tian Lipu

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　January 21st, 2010

　　Attachment:Guide to Patent Examination (2010).pdf

Cctv news(Reporter Li Wenxue): On September 5, the Organization Department of Daqing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China reported that many leading cadres, including the Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, were dismissed due to dereliction of duty in epidemic prevention and control.

According to the report, since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, Wang Fengjing, director of the Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, has failed to implement the epidemic prevention and control policy and has taken the main leadership responsibility; Li Jinbo, deputy head of Saertu District, failed to investigate the risk personnel and took important leadership responsibilities; Song Yongcai, director of the Market Supervision Administration Bureau of the High-tech Zone Management Committee, failed to supervise the prevention and control of the epidemic situation in the farmer’s market and took the main leadership responsibility; Wang Xibao, director of the Natural Resources and Construction Administration Bureau of the High-tech Zone Management Committee, is responsible for the poor management of community closure and control; Chen Yongfang, secretary of the Party Working Committee of Liming Street in High-tech Zone, did not implement the epidemic prevention and control measures in place, resulting in the risk of epidemic spread in the community under his jurisdiction and taking direct responsibility; Wang Hongbo, director of the market supervision administration of Saertu District and secretary of the party group, organized the farmers’ market to implement the epidemic prevention and control measures, and took the main leadership responsibility; Ma Zhen, vice president of Rand School, failed to investigate the risk personnel and took the main leadership responsibility; Xiao Guangyi, director and party secretary of Longfeng District Market Supervision Administration, organized the farmer’s market to implement the epidemic prevention and control measures, and took the main leadership responsibility; Ning Feng, the full-time deputy secretary of the Party Working Committee of the High-tech Zone, as the chief commander of the district epidemic prevention and control headquarters, failed to perform his duties and took the leadership responsibility; Wang Shixin, deputy director of the High-tech Zone Management Committee and member of the Party Working Committee, failed to supervise the epidemic prevention and control work in the farmer’s market and assumed important leadership responsibilities; Wang Weihua, deputy director of the High-tech Zone Management Committee and member of the Party Working Committee, is ineffective in the management of community closure and control and bears important leadership responsibilities; Zhao Wen, deputy director of the High-tech Zone Management Committee and member of the Party Working Committee, bears the leadership responsibility for failing to transport the isolated personnel in time;Zhang Jiawei, member of the Standing Committee of Sarthou District Committee and secretary of the Political and Legal Committee, bears an important leadership responsibility for the ineffective management of personnel in the temporary control area, the lax control of the control area, the false control of business premises and the lack of management of mobile vendors; Miao Lulu, deputy head of Longfeng District, is responsible for failing to transport the isolated personnel in time.

After research by the Standing Committee of the Municipal Party Committee, Wang Fengjing was removed from the post of director of CDC, Li Jinbo was removed from the post of deputy head of Sartu District, Song Yongcai was removed from the post of director of Market Supervision Administration of High-tech Zone Management Committee, and Wang Xibao was removed from the post of director of Natural Resources and Construction Administration of High-tech Zone Management Committee.

It is suggested that the Party Working Committee of High-tech Zone should be relieved of the post of Secretary of the Party Working Committee of Liming Street in Chen Yongfang High-tech Zone.

It is suggested that Sarthou District Committee should remove the post of Director and Party Secretary of the Market Supervision Administration Bureau of Saertu District, Wang Hongbo, and remove the post of Vice President of Ma Lande School.

It is suggested that the Longfeng District Committee be relieved of the post of director and party secretary of Xiao Guangyi Longfeng District Market Supervision Administration.

Ning Feng, full-time deputy secretary of the Party Working Committee of High-tech Zone, Wang Shixin, Wang Weihua and Zhao Wen, deputy directors and members of the Party Working Committee of High-tech Zone, Zhang Jiawei, member of the Standing Committee of Sarthou District Committee and secretary of the Political and Legal Committee, and Miao Lulu, deputy head of Longfeng District, were given informed criticism.

Article 20 The term of protection of an author’s right of authorship, right of revision and right of protecting the integrity of a work is unlimited.
[Interpretation] This article provides for the duration of protection of the author’s right of signature, right of revision and right to protect the integrity of the work.
The term of protection of copyright refers to the effective period during which the copyright owner enjoys the exclusive right to the work, that is, the period stipulated by law to protect the copyright of the copyright owner. During the period of copyright protection, the author or other citizens, legal persons or other organizations who enjoy copyright according to law enjoy copyright in the work, and others need to obtain permission from the copyright owner according to law and pay corresponding remuneration for using the work. When the term of copyright protection expires, the copyright owner will lose his copyright, and the work will enter the public domain. People can use the work without the permission of the copyright owner and can use the work for free. Thus, the term of protection of copyright means that within a certain period stipulated by law, copyright is protected according to law; Beyond this statutory time limit, copyright will no longer be protected by law. It is one of the ways to restrict the copyright enjoyed by copyright owners.
The right of authorship is the author’s right to show his identity and sign his name on the work, which is the author’s most basic personal right; The right to modify is the right of the author to modify or authorize others to modify his work before or after its publication; The right to protect the integrity of works is the author’s right to protect his works from distortion and tampering, which is an important right in the author’s personal rights. The copyright law stipulates that the protection period of these rights of the author is unlimited, which shows that the author’s right of signature, modification and protection of the integrity of the work will always be protected by law. During the life of the author (citizen) or during the existence of the legal person or other organization, if the author forcibly signs the work, deletes the author’s name as non-author, plagiarizes the work, modifies or abridges the work without the author’s consent, and distorts and falsifies the work contrary to the author’s original intention, destroys the true meaning of the work and damages the author’s reputation, the author may ask the infringer to stop the infringement, eliminate the influence and publicly apologize according to law. After the death of the author’s citizen, the author’s right of signature, modification and protection of the integrity of the work shall be protected by his successor or legatee; After the termination or change of the legal person or other organization as the author, these rights shall be protected by the legal person or other organization that bears its rights and obligations. If the author has no heir, legatee or legal person or other organization that bears his rights and obligations,The state will protect its right of authorship, modification and integrity of works from infringement.
The author’s right to sign, modify and protect the integrity of the work belongs to the personal rights in copyright. Because these personal rights of the author in copyright can only be enjoyed by the author himself in principle (even after the death of a citizen as an author, his personal rights can still be reflected through the existence of his works), and can exist independently of property rights; Because these rights are directly related to the author’s morality, intelligence, reputation and honor, and involve the ownership of the work, and whether the work truly reflects the author’s original intention, the protection of these rights of the author is not only a problem before the author’s death, but also a permanent problem. It can’t be imagined that although Cao Xueqin, the author of the classic Dream of Red Mansions, has already passed away, this work has already entered the public domain in the sense of property, so we can change the original author’s signature or change the specific historical environment involved in the work. If so, we can’t guarantee that works, especially excellent works, will be better disseminated and utilized from generation to generation. In addition, if the author’s right of signature, modification and protection of the integrity of the work are not given permanent legal protection, then, after the expiration of the protection period, if someone changes the author’s signature or the content of the work, although it can be condemned by public opinion, but because this behavior is no longer in the category of copyright infringement,Therefore, it is impossible to effectively stop and sanction such acts as copyright infringement through legal channels.
This provision of the Copyright Law tells us that when the protection period of the author’s property rights and other rights ends, people can freely use their works by copying, distributing, renting, exhibiting, performing, screening, broadcasting, filming, adaptation, translation and assembly, but they have no right to change the author’s signature and the content of the works, otherwise they will be investigated for legal responsibility for copyright infringement, which can effectively guarantee the original dissemination of the works without being infringed.
        
Article 21 The term of protection of a citizen’s right of publication and the rights stipulated in Items (5) to (17) of Paragraph 1 of Article 10 of this Law shall be the author’s life and fifty years after his death, ending on December 31 of the fiftieth year after his death; If it is a cooperative work, it ends on December 31st of the fiftieth year after the death of the last deceased author.
The term of protection for the works of legal persons or other organizations, as well as the works in which the copyright (except the right of authorship) is enjoyed by legal persons or other organizations, and the rights specified in Items (5) to (17) of Paragraph 1 of Article 10 of this Law shall be fifty years, ending on December 31st of the fiftieth year after the first publication of the works. However, if the works have not been published within fifty years after the completion of the creation, this Law will no longer protect them.
For cinematographic works, works created by methods similar to cinematography and photographic works, the term of protection of the right of publication and the rights specified in Items (5) to (17) of Paragraph 1 of Article 10 of this Law is fifty years, ending on December 31st of the fiftieth year after the first publication of the works. However, if the works are not published within fifty years after the completion of the creation, this Law will no longer protect them.
[Interpretation] This article provides for the protection period of the author’s right of publication and property rights.
The protection and restriction of copyright are determined by two factors: fully and properly protecting the legitimate rights and interests of copyright owners, encouraging creation, and facilitating the dissemination of works and promoting the development and prosperity of culture and science. On the one hand, copyright should be protected, so that copyright owners, especially authors, can enjoy personal rights and get economic benefits from the dissemination and use of their works. When the author’s personal rights and property rights are protected by law, their creative enthusiasm will be fully encouraged and brought into full play, and more and better works will be created for social use. After the death of a citizen who is an author, the property right in his copyright can be inherited by his successor according to law or transferred by bequest, and the author’s successor or legatee can enjoy the property right of the work just like the author. On the other hand, with the development and progress of society and the cultural needs of the public, works, as a spiritual product, need to be more widely spread and used by the society in a timely manner, and the property rights of authors and other copyright owners cannot last forever. Therefore, it is necessary to restrict the copyright of the copyright owner. If there is no restriction on the protection of copyright and there is no time constraint on the exercise of copyright, then the protection of copyright will conflict with the interests of the public.It will become an obstacle to the development of culture, science and technology, education and other undertakings.
In order to ensure the normal use of works, especially excellent works, and make them widely and timely spread and exchange, it is necessary and appropriate to restrict the exercise of copyright owners’ rights while protecting their rights. On this issue, China’s copyright law stipulates a "fair use" system in which a work can be used under certain conditions without permission and without payment to the copyright owner; And the "legal permission" system that you can use a work under legal conditions without the permission of the copyright owner and only pay the remuneration to the copyright owner after use. In addition, the protection period of copyright is stipulated in order to give necessary restrictions on the exercise of copyright owners’ rights in time. Once the term of protection expires, the copyright enjoyed by the copyright owner will be extinguished, and the work will enter the public domain and become the common wealth of society. Anyone can use the work without the permission of the copyright owner and without paying remuneration to him.
Article 21 of the Copyright Law stipulates the time limit for the protection of copyright owners’ rights of publication, property rights (reproduction, distribution, lease, exhibition, performance, projection, broadcasting, information network dissemination, filming, adaptation, translation and assembly, etc.), and it depends on different copyright subjects (citizens and legal persons, other organizations) and different types of works (general works and films and photographic works) Within the prescribed period of rights protection, the copyright owner can fully exercise his rights in accordance with the law, decide whether the work should be published and in what form, decide how to use the work himself and whether to allow others to use the work, and get corresponding remuneration when others use his work. However, once the term of protection of rights has expired, the copyright law will no longer protect the copyright owner’s right to publish and property, and the work will enter the public domain, and people can use the work without the permission of the copyright owner and without paying remuneration. The significance of this provision lies in promoting the works to be more widely spread in society, enriching the public’s cultural life and promoting the development of science and technology on the premise of giving proper protection to the property rights in copyright and making the copyright owner obtain reasonable economic income.
It is worth mentioning that the right of publication, the right of signature, the right of revision and the right to protect the integrity of works belong to the author’s personal rights. Why should the copyright law limit the protection of the right of publication? This is because, compared with several other personal rights, the right of publication has its special features. First of all, the publication of works will bring economic benefits to the author, which makes the right of publication a personal right directly related to property rights; Secondly, after the author’s death, termination or change, this right can be managed and exercised by his heirs, legatees or units that bear his rights and obligations, and economic benefits can be obtained based on the publication of the work. Therefore, on the issue of the duration of protection of the right of publication, measures similar to property rights should be taken. In addition, in order to meet the spiritual needs of the public and promote the early publication of works, it is also necessary to limit the protection of the right of publication in time.
I. Protection Period of Citizens’ Works
For the protection period of general works created by natural persons, all countries in the world follow the principle of "the author’s lifetime plus several years after his death". Only in different countries, there are different regulations on the protection period of the author’s rights after death. Some countries stipulate 25 years and 30 years; Some countries stipulate 60, 70 or 80 years; More countries, such as Britain, France, Italy, Sweden, Switzerland, Denmark, Japan, the Philippines, Singapore, Egypt, the United States, Canada, Australia and other countries stipulate 50 years.
The first paragraph of Article 21 of China’s Copyright Law stipulates that the protection period of the publication right and property right of works created by citizens, such as words, dictation, music, drama, folk art, dance and art, is "the author’s life and fifty years after his death", which is the same as the protection period stipulated by most countries in the world.
According to the provisions of the copyright law, the author’s right to publish and property rights are protected by law during the protection period of 50 years before his death and after his death. No one may publish a work against the will of the copyright owner; Unless otherwise specified by law, anyone who uses a work by copying, distributing, renting, exhibiting, performing, playing, filming or adapting, translating or assembling must obtain the permission of the copyright owner and pay remuneration to him. Otherwise, the author or the author’s heirs and legatees have the right to require them to bear corresponding legal responsibilities in accordance with the law.
Why does China’s copyright law stipulate that the protection period of the author’s rights after death is 50 years, not shorter or longer? To determine how long the protection period is appropriate, we should not only consider the development level of copyright protection in China and the social demand for works, but also consider the needs of opening up and international cultural and scientific exchanges, as well as international practices. According to relevant statistics, at present, most countries in the world stipulate that the post-death protection period of the author’s property rights is 50 years. If China’s copyright law makes such a provision, it can be consistent with most countries and achieve equivalence. In addition, the Berne Convention also stipulates: "The protection period given by this Convention shall be within the author’s lifetime and fifty years after his death." According to the principle of minimum protection of international copyright protection, the protection of works of other States parties by States parties cannot be lower than the standard of the convention. On the issue of protection period, it needs to be longer than or equal to the period stipulated in the convention.
The term of protection of the rights of ordinary works created by citizens is generally stipulated in various countries as the author’s lifetime plus several years after his death. However, when the post-death protection period of the author’s rights begins to be calculated, the provisions of various countries are not consistent. To sum up, there are mainly the following methods: counting from the beginning of the year of the author’s death; From the end of the year of the author’s death (December 31st); From the beginning of the second year of the author’s death (L 1); However, in some countries, in order to avoid shortening or extending the protection period due to the error in time calculation, the calculation method is adopted from the time when the specific event occurs (the date of the author’s death).
Regarding the calculation of the protection period after the death of the author, China’s copyright law only stipulates the deadline, that is, "as of December 31 of the fiftieth year after the death of the author", and does not stipulate the starting date. The calculation method of the deadline is "December 31st of the fiftieth year after the death of the author", and the year after the death is the year after the death of the author, counting from this year to December 31st of the fiftieth year. For example, when a composer died in May 1990, the post-death protection period for his rights should be 1991 as the first year after his death and expire on December 31, 2040.
II. Determination of the term of protection of cooperative works
A cooperative work is a work created jointly by two or more people. Under normal circumstances, its copyright is shared by the co-authors. In view of the differences in the age and life span of co-authors, the copyright law stipulates that the term of protection of the publishing right and property right of the creators of such works shall end on December 31, the fiftieth year after the death of the last deceased author. That is to say, for cooperative works, the protection period should be determined based on the last dead author. This practice is also a common practice in the world. Many countries in the world determine the term of protection of cooperative works based on the lifetime of the last deceased co-author, plus several years after his death. However, some countries stipulate that the protection period of the author of a cooperative work after death starts from the death of one of the co-authors (that is, the first deceased author). According to the Berne Convention, the protection period after the death of a co-author shall be counted from the death of the last co-author.
Paragraph 2 of Article 13 of China’s Copyright Law stipulates: "If a cooperative work can be used separately, the authors can enjoy the copyright separately for the parts they created." According to this regulation, when a co-author exercises the copyright of a part of a cooperative work that can be used separately, the general provisions on the term of protection of the cooperative work do not apply, but should be calculated by the method of the author’s lifetime and 50 years after his death.
Three, about the legal person or other organization’s work, copyright (except the right of signature) by the unit to enjoy the protection period of the work.
For the works created by legal persons or other organizations and the copyright (except the right of signature), the copyright law stipulates that the protection period of the publishing right and property right enjoyed by legal persons or other organizations is 50 years, ending on December 31 of the fiftieth year after the first publication of the works. At the same time, it also stipulates that if such works are not published within 50 years after their creation, the copyright law will no longer protect them.
As can be seen from the provisions of the Copyright Law, the term of protection for the works of legal persons or other organizations, as well as the works of posts whose copyright (except the right of signature) is enjoyed by legal persons or other organizations, is different from that of works created by citizens. The reason is that legal persons and other organizations are not natural persons, and their duration can be short or long, and there are no rules to follow. Naturally, the general protection period based on the life of natural persons cannot be applied, and the practice of duration plus termination and how many years after change cannot be adopted. It is only reasonable and feasible to determine the protection period of such works by adopting the method of several years after their first publication.
Four, about the protection period of movies and works created by methods similar to making movies.
Because movies and works created by methods similar to filming have the characteristics of being re-created on the basis of other people’s works or original works, the protection period given to such works in many countries is shorter than that of works created by natural persons.
According to the provisions of China’s copyright law, the protection period of publication right and property right of such works is 50 years, ending on December 31 of the fiftieth year after the first publication of the works. However, if the works are not published within 50 years after the completion of creation, the copyright law will no longer protect them.
In terms of the calculation method of the protection period of films and works created by methods similar to filming, China is basically the same as other countries that attribute the copyright of such works to producers, that is, it is calculated by several years after the first publication (or public screening). It is just that China’s protection period for such works is among the longer in these countries, which means that China’s protection for copyright owners of films and works created by methods similar to filming is more adequate.
Article 15, paragraph 2, of the Copyright Law stipulates: "Authors of works that can be used independently, such as scripts and music, in film works and works created by methods similar to filming, have the right to exercise their copyright alone." Therefore, for works that can be used independently, such as scripts and music, in film works and works created by methods similar to filming, if the author is a citizen, the term of protection should be calculated by the method of "the author’s lifetime and fifty years after his death". For example, the TV series A Dream of Red Mansions is protected for 50 years after its release, while the theme song "Woningmei" is protected for 50 years after the author’s lifetime and death.
V. Protection Period of Photographic Works
In the process of creation, photographic works depend more on equipment than other types of works. Therefore, according to the particularity of photographic works, the Copyright Law stipulates that the protection period of publishing rights and property rights of photographic works is 50 years, ending on December 31, the fiftieth year after the first publication of the works. At the same time, it is stipulated that if the works are not published within 50 years after the completion of creation, this law will no longer protect them. This provision shows that the time limit for citizens to enjoy the right of publication and property rights for photographic works is shorter than that for ordinary works, which is only 50 years after the publication of the works, rather than "the author’s life and 50 years after his death". This provision is consistent with the international practice. For example, the Berne Convention stipulates that the protection period of photographic works should not be shorter than 25 years after the completion of the works. This is obviously lower than the standard that the protection period of the general works of citizens stipulated in the convention should not be shorter than the author’s lifetime and 50 years after his death. It shows that the convention allows its member countries to protect photographic works for a shorter period than their own for other works.
VI. Determination of the Protection Period of commissioned works
Commissioned works is a work created according to the entrustment contract signed by the client and the trustee. With regard to the ownership of the copyright of a commissioned work, Article 17 of the Copyright Law stipulates that the client and the trustee shall agree through a contract. If the contract is not clearly stipulated or concluded, the copyright belongs to the trustee. As for the subject of copyright, for the client, it may be a legal person or other organization or a citizen; For the trustee, it may also be a citizen, a legal person or other organization. In view of the fact that commissioned works allows both parties to determine the ownership of copyright by contract, and the uncertainty between the client and the trustee on the issues of citizens, legal persons and other organizations, the application of the protection period for such works should be determined according to whether the works belong to the client or the trustee, and whether the client or the trustee is a legal person, other organizations or citizens. If the copyright belongs to the client, and the client is a legal person or other organization, the term of protection for the work of the legal person or other organization shall apply, that is, 50 years after the first publication of the work; If the client is a citizen, the term of protection of the citizen’s work should be used as the calculation method, that is, "the author’s life and fifty years after his death." If the copyright is enjoyed by the trustee, the relevant rights protection period should also be applied according to the different situations of whether the copyright subject is a legal person or other organization or a citizen.Section 4 Limitation of Rights There are two articles in this section. It is a restrictive provision for copyright owners to exercise copyright.
Because the material that the author needs for creation comes from people’s social life, the author can’t create without the culture created by predecessors and the knowledge and experience of others. Therefore, while enjoying the copyright, the author should do his duty to the society and the public. Not only that, because the copyright enjoyed by the copyright owner is used in many ways and involves a wide range, if others use the work with the consent of the copyright owner and pay remuneration, then it is not conducive to the development of science and culture. Therefore, the protection of copyright enjoyed by copyright owners should not be absolute and unlimited. The restrictions on copyright generally include: (1) Fair use. That is, under certain circumstances, you can use a work without the consent of the copyright owner and pay him no remuneration. (2) legal permission. That is, the use of a work under the conditions prescribed by law can be done without the consent of the copyright owner, but the copyright owner must be paid.
The copyright laws of most foreign countries clearly stipulate the restrictions on copyright. International conventions also stipulate and allow States parties to restrict the exercise of copyright by copyright owners in their domestic laws in some cases. As stipulated in Article 9 of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, the authors of literary and artistic works protected by this Convention have the exclusive right to authorize the reproduction of these works in any way and in any form. The laws of the member countries of the Union may allow the reproduction of the above-mentioned works under certain special circumstances, as long as such reproduction does not damage the normal use of the works and does not infringe on the legitimate interests of the authors without reason. Article 13 of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights stipulates that all members should limit the restrictions or exceptions of exclusive rights to a certain special case, which should not conflict with the normal exploitation of works and should not unreasonably harm the legitimate interests of right holders.
According to the provisions of international conventions, especially to meet the needs of China’s entry into WTO, the amendments to the Copyright Law have made necessary amendments to the content provisions of the Copyright Law enacted in 1990, and made provisions conducive to the dissemination of works and the development and prosperity of economy, science and culture on the premise of fully protecting the rights and interests of copyright owners.
        
Article 22 A work may be used without permission or remuneration from the copyright owner under the following circumstances, but the name of the author and the name of the work shall be indicated, and other rights enjoyed by the copyright owner according to this Law shall not be infringed:
(1) Using published works of others for personal study, research or appreciation;
(2) appropriately quoting published works of others in a work for the purpose of introducing and commenting on a work or explaining a problem;
(3) Inevitably reproducing or quoting published works in newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, television stations and other media in order to report current news;
(4) Newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, television stations and other media publish or broadcast current articles on political, economic and religious issues that have been published by other newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, television stations and other media, unless the author declares that publication and broadcasting are not allowed;
(5) Newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, television stations and other media publish or broadcast speeches delivered at public meetings, unless the author declares that publication and broadcasting are not allowed;
(6) Translating or reproducing a few published works for classroom teaching or scientific research in schools for the use of teaching or scientific researchers, but not publishing them;
(7) State organs use published works within a reasonable scope for performing official duties;
(eight) libraries, archives, memorial halls, museums, art galleries, etc., in order to display or save the version, copy the works collected by the library;
(9) Performing a published work for free, without charging fees to the public or paying remuneration to the performer;
(10) Copying, painting, photographing and video recording works of art set up or displayed in outdoor public places;
(eleven) the China citizens, legal persons or other organizations have published works written in Chinese into minority languages and published in China;
(twelve) the published works are published in Braille.
The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall apply to restrictions on the rights of publishers, performers, producers of audio and video recordings, radio stations and television stations.
[Interpretation] This article is about the fair use of copyright.
The original copyright law also made restrictions on the exercise of copyright by copyright owners in Article 22, and this revision has made some changes on the basis of the original provisions. The restriction of rights stipulated in this article refers to the use of a work under certain circumstances, which can be used reasonably without the consent of the copyright owner and without payment to him.
The copyright laws of all countries have provisions on fair use. For example, in Article 107 of the Copyright Law of the United States, it is stipulated that the factors to be considered in determining whether the use of a work is reasonable under any specific circumstances should include: (1) it depends on the purpose of the use, that is, whether it is used for commercial purposes; (2) Depending on the nature of copyrighted works, different types of works have different forms of copyright utilization, and the boundaries of rationality are also different. For example, just copying a copyrighted article may be regarded as fair use, and rebuilding a building according to other people’s original buildings cannot be regarded as fair use; (3) It depends on whether the proportion of the used part to the whole work is appropriate, and improper proportion cannot be regarded as reasonable; (4) It depends on whether the relevant use behavior has a significant adverse impact on the potential market value of the work. If there is such an impact, it cannot be considered reasonable. Another example is Article 65 of the Copyright Law in Taiwan Province, China. The criteria are: first, the purpose and nature of the use, including whether it is for commercial purposes or non-profit educational purposes; The second is the nature of crops; Third, the proportion of the utilized part in all the crops; The fourth is the influence of the results on the potential market and present value of the works.
According to the provisions of this article, the use of other people’s works is fair use under the following circumstances:
1. Using published works of others for personal study, research or appreciation.
In daily life, there are many situations in which individuals use other people’s published works, for example, translating other people’s works to improve their foreign language level. Copying other people’s calligraphy and painting in order to cultivate their own skills. Singing and playing other people’s music works for self-entertainment. Transcribe audio and video tapes to enrich their cultural life. Because it is very common for individuals to use other people’s works, and the scope of using other people’s works is quite extensive, it is impossible and unreasonable to require everyone to obtain the consent of the copyright owner and pay remuneration every time they use other people’s works. Because, first, personal use has to be paid, which is difficult to implement; Second, personal use requires the permission of the copyright owner, so it will be difficult for the work to be used and disseminated, and the creative activity itself will lose its meaning. Therefore, the copyright laws of many countries include individual use of published works of others in the scope of fair use under certain circumstances. For example, Article 68 of the Italian Copyright Law stipulates that readers can copy a single work or part of it for personal use by hand-copying or other means that are not suitable for circulation or public dissemination. Article 493 of the Russian Civil Code stipulates that the published works of others can be copied or used in other ways to meet personal needs without the author’s consent and without paying the author. Article 30 of Japan’s Copyright Law stipulates that for the works that are the subject of copyright,In order to be used by individuals or families and in a limited range of the same kind, users can copy it. Article 29 (3) of "Copyright Law" in Taiwan Province, China stipulates that copying other people’s works for academic research, exclusively for their own users, shall not be regarded as infringement of copyright if the source of the original works is indicated. For personal use, you can freely use other people’s works without the consent of the copyright owner. Do not pay remuneration, and do not indicate the name of the author, the name of the work or the source.
China’s copyright law is no exception. It is stipulated in this article that individuals can study, study or enjoy the use of published works of others without the consent of the copyright owner and without paying remuneration to him. To meet this requirement, two conditions must be met: first, the purpose of using a work is for personal study, research or appreciation, and it cannot be used for publication or commercial performance, making and distributing audio and video tapes, playing them on radio and television stations, exhibiting, filming movies, television and so on. Second, the work used is published by the copyright owner. If the work has not been made public, even if it is used for personal study or appreciation without the consent of the copyright owner, it cannot be considered as fair use.
Two, in order to introduce and comment on a work or explain a problem, in the work of appropriate reference to other people’s published works.
Quoting others’ works in one’s own works refers to taking others’ works as the basis of one’s own works in order to create new works and explain new ideas. Quoting the original works is very common in written works. For example, in order to comment on other people’s works, a passage from the original book is quoted, and in other creative forms, other people’s works are also quoted. For example, in order to introduce someone’s calligraphy and painting, several of his calligraphy and painting works are shown on TV. Because it is necessary for the creation of some works to quote others’ works, it is difficult to explain some problems in new works or even to produce new works without quoting them. Therefore, many countries and international conventions have provisions on this fair use. For example, the first paragraph of Article 10 of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works stipulates that it is legal to extract quotations from a work that is legally made public, including articles that are quoted from newspapers and periodicals in the form of newspaper abstracts, as long as they are in line with reasonable use and within the scope of legitimate needs to achieve their goals. The third provision stipulates that the citation and use mentioned in the preceding paragraphs should indicate the source, and if the original source has the author’s name, it should also indicate it. Article 51 (citation) of the German Copyright Law stipulates that copying, dissemination and public reproduction are allowed within the scope specified by the purpose: (1) using published independent works in independent scientific works for the purpose of explaining the content; (2) quoting published fragments of crops in independent language works;(3) Quoting fragments of published musical works in independent musical works. Article 70 of the Italian Copyright Law stipulates that for the purpose of comment, discussion or education, you may extract, quote or copy some fragments or chapters of a work within the limits of the above-mentioned purposes, but it shall not compete with the economic right to use the work. The first paragraph of Article 32 of Japan’s Copyright Law stipulates that published works can be cited, but the citation must conform to fair practice, and the purpose of citing in reports, comments and research must also be limited to the proper scope. This quotation must clearly indicate the source of the work. Article 17 (1) of the Hungarian Law on Authors’ Rights stipulates that individuals are allowed to quote some parts of a published work under the condition of indicating the source of the work and the author’s name, as long as the degree of citation is commensurate with the characteristics and purpose of the work in which the citation is used and the citation is faithful to the original. Article 29 (2) of the Copyright Law in Taiwan Province, China, stipulates that those who quote other people’s works in the form of excerpts for reference and annotation of their own works shall not be regarded as infringing on other people’s copyright, provided that the place where the original work was made is indicated. These regulations can be used as a reference for people to study the appropriate amount of quotations from other people’s works.
According to China’s copyright law, if you quote other people’s works under the following conditions, you can not get permission from the copyright owner and pay him no remuneration. First, the purpose of quoting is to introduce, comment on a work or explain a problem. Second, the proportion of references must be appropriate. Generally speaking, quotations should not be longer than comments, introductions or explanations. Third, the cited works must be published. Fourth, when quoting other people’s works, the author’s name and the name of the work should be indicated, and other rights enjoyed by the copyright owner according to the copyright law should not be infringed.
Three, in order to report current news, in newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, television stations and other media inevitably reproduce or quote published works.
Current affairs news is an important way for people to understand national and world affairs. In order to comprehensively report current affairs news at home and abroad, our newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, television stations and other media inevitably use other people’s published works. For example, news programs in china national radio broadcast political, economic, cultural, scientific and technological news published in newspapers such as People’s Daily, Guangming Daily, Workers’ Daily and People’s Liberation Army Daily almost every day. In order to report the success of China’s bid to host the Olympic Games, the CCTV news broadcast program quoted several scenic spots in the propaganda film of Zhang Yimou’s bid to host the Olympic Games. But how to quote other people’s works can be called fair use? The copyright law stipulates four conditions in this article: first, the purpose of quoting works is to report current affairs news; Second, the cited works must be published; Third, citing other people’s works should indicate the author’s name, the name of the work and the source of the work, and must not infringe upon other rights enjoyed by the copyright owner in accordance with the copyright law; Fourth, quoting other people’s published works is inevitable for reporting current news. The fourth condition is newly added in this revision of the Copyright Law. This revision is mainly to be consistent with the provisions of international conventions. The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works stipulates that "it shall be reproduced and made public to the extent necessary for reporting purposes".
The rational use of this situation is also an internationally accepted legislative example. For example, the second paragraph of Article 10 bis of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works stipulates that when reporting current affairs and news by means of photography or film, or by broadcasting or cable communication to the public, the conditions for the literary and artistic works seen or heard in the course of the event to be copied and made public within the scope properly needed for the purpose of reporting shall be stipulated by the laws of the member States of the Union. Article 41 of Japan’s Copyright Law stipulates that when reporting current events through photography, film, broadcasting or other methods, the works that constitute the event or those seen and heard in the course of the event can be copied for the purpose of reporting and can be used in reporting the event, but the source should be indicated. Article 19 (1) of the Hungarian Law on Authors’ Rights stipulates that it is allowed to copy communication reports containing facts and news as long as the source is indicated. It is allowed to use the contents of public meetings and public speeches, but the publication of the compilation of speeches should be approved by the author. Article (2) stipulates that newspapers, periodicals, radio and television are allowed to copy economic and political articles with news value under the condition of indicating the author’s source and name, as long as these articles are published first to exclude such copying. Article 20 (1) stipulates that works related to current affairs may be disseminated in news documentaries and in radio and television news programs.The degree of communication should be commensurate with the occasion of communication. In this case, it is unnecessary to point out the author’s name.
Four, newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, television stations and other media published or broadcast other newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, television stations and other media have published articles on political, economic and religious issues, but the author declared that it is not allowed to publish or broadcast.
Generally speaking, current articles are created to publicize and implement the principles and policies of the party and the state at a certain period or a major event. This kind of article is timely, policy-oriented and purposeful. These articles usually need a variety of different publicity channels to make them spread more widely and deeply. Therefore, the Copyright Law includes newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, television stations and other media to publish or broadcast current articles published by other newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, television stations and other media into the scope of fair use, and it can be done without permission and without payment to the copyright owner.
In order to prevent the abuse of this provision, the Copyright Law of 1990 restricted this fair use to newspapers, periodicals, radio stations and television stations, or to broadcast editorials and commentator articles published by other newspapers, periodicals, radio stations and television stations. The amendment of copyright law will change "editorial and commentator’s articles" into "current articles on political, economic and religious issues". This amendment has improved and clarified the scope of fair use, and is also consistent with the provisions of international treaties. The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works only limits the scope of this fair use to "current articles involving political, economic and religious issues". This revision of the Copyright Law also added the contents of current articles that the author declared not to be published or broadcast according to the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works. The first item of Article 10 bis of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works specifically stipulates that this item should be used reasonably: "The laws of the member countries of the Union may permit the reproduction of current articles on economic, political or religious issues published in newspapers and periodicals, or broadcast works of the same nature, provided that such reproduction, broadcast or cable communication is not explicitly reserved. However, the source should be clearly stated;The legal liability for violating this obligation is determined by the law of the country where protection is requested. "Most foreign countries’ copyright laws also stipulate in this way. For example, Article 65 of the Italian copyright law stipulates that articles about economic, political or religious current affairs published in newspapers and periodicals can be reproduced freely by other newspapers and radio stations, unless the right to reprint is explicitly reserved, but the publication date and serial number of the original newspaper should be indicated; If the article is signed, the author’s name should also be indicated. Article 49 (1) of the German Copyright Law stipulates that a single broadcast commentary and newspaper article, and a single article published in other newsprint that only reports current affairs, are allowed to copy and disseminate or publicly reproduce such comments and articles in other similar newspapers and newsprint if they involve political, economic and religious current affairs without a statement of reserved rights.
5. Newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, television stations and other media publish or broadcast speeches delivered at public meetings, unless the author declares that publication and broadcasting are not allowed.
Public assembly refers to an assembly held in public places (such as squares and stadiums) for a certain purpose. The speech delivered at a public meeting has the nature of public propaganda, and publishing or broadcasting these speeches is to expand its influence and propaganda scope. Therefore, the Copyright Law stipulates in this article that newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, television stations and other media can publish or broadcast the speech delivered at a public meeting without the permission of the copyright owner and without paying remuneration to him. But sometimes, for historical, political or other reasons, the author is unwilling to publish or broadcast his speech in newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, television stations and other media, so newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, television stations and other media should respect the author’s wishes and must not publish or broadcast. This provision is in line with the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works. Article 2 bis of the Convention stipulates: "Under what conditions a publicly published lecture, speech or other works of the same nature can be published in newspapers, broadcast or disseminated to the public if necessary for the purpose of new reporting, and publicly disseminated in the form of Article 11 bis, paragraph 1, is within the scope of domestic legislation of the members of the Union." This provision is also consistent with the provisions of other foreign countries. For example, Article 66 of the Italian Copyright Law stipulates that political or administrative speeches delivered at public meetings or other public occasions may be freely reproduced in newspapers or broadcast.But it should indicate the source, the author’s name, the date and place of the speech. Article 48 (1) of the German Copyright Law stipulates that: 1. Reproduction and dissemination of speeches on current affairs published in public meetings or broadcasts and public reproduction of such speeches are allowed in newspapers or other news papers that mainly report current affairs. 2. Reproduce, disseminate and publicly reproduce speeches delivered in public consultations of countries, regions or religious organizations.
6. To translate or copy a few published works for classroom teaching or scientific research in schools for the use of teaching or scientific research personnel, but not for publication and distribution.
Classroom teaching in schools is an activity of imparting knowledge; Scientific research is an activity to explore the nature and laws of things by scientific methods on the basis of summing up and absorbing the experience or knowledge of predecessors. These two activities are inseparable from the accumulation and exploration of knowledge. Knowledge itself is the sum of knowledge and experience accumulated by people in the practice of transforming the world. Learning knowledge and creating knowledge are inseparable from the use of existing works. Restricting this use will hinder the improvement of the cultural level of the whole nation and the development of science and technology. Therefore, the copyright laws and international treaties of many countries include a small number of copies of copyrighted works for the purpose of teaching or scientific research in the scope of fair use. For example, Article 10, paragraph 2, of Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works stipulates that the laws of the member countries of the Union and the special agreements existing or to be signed between the member countries stipulate that literary and artistic works can be legally used as teaching explanations through publications, radio broadcasts or audio and video recordings, as long as they are used within the scope of legitimate needs to achieve the purpose and are in line with reasonable use. The third provision stipulates that the citation and use mentioned in the preceding paragraphs should indicate the source, and if the original source has the author’s name, it should also indicate it. Japan attaches great importance to education and the cultivation of talents, and uses four articles in the Copyright Law to explain the rational use of works for teaching purposes. Article 33 of the law stipulates that for the purpose of school education,Within the necessary limits, published works can be published in teaching books. Article 34 stipulates the broadcasting of school educational programs. Article 35 stipulates the reproduction of schools and other educational institutions. Thirty-sixth provisions as a copy of the test questions. Article 29 (1) of the Copyright Law in Taiwan Province, China, stipulates that those who extract other people’s works to edit textbooks approved by the Ministry of Education shall not be regarded as infringing on other people’s copyrights, if the original works are noted. China’s copyright law also stipulates in this article that for classroom teaching or scientific research in schools, the published works of others can be translated or copied in small quantities for use by teaching or scientific researchers without permission and without payment to the copyright owner, but the author’s name and the name of the work should be indicated, and it should not be published.
There are several problems that need to be paid attention to. First, the term "classroom teaching" mentioned in this item is strictly restricted. For-profit teaching such as postgraduate entrance examination classes, TOEFL and GRE training classes does not belong to "classroom teaching". Second, "a small amount of reproduction", generally speaking, should not exceed the needs of classroom teaching or scientific research. Third, translation can be a part of an existing work or all of it. More translation and less translation depend on the needs of classroom teaching or scientific research. Fourth, the purpose of translation or a small amount of reproduction is for teaching or scientific research personnel to use in school classroom teaching or scientific research, and cannot be used for publication. Fifth, when translating or reproducing a published work by others, the author’s name and the name of the work should be indicated; Shall not infringe upon other rights enjoyed by the copyright owner in accordance with the copyright law.
Seven, the state organs to perform official duties in a reasonable range of use of published works.
State organs include legislative organs, administrative organs, judicial organs, legal supervision organs and military organs. There are many cases in which state organs use other people’s works. For example, the legislature copies or extracts some legal papers to make laws. Judicial organs and legal supervision organs need to copy written works and photographic works related to the case for handling cases. Administrative organs copy political, economic, cultural, educational, scientific and technological materials for the needs of administrative management. Military organs copy maps for exercises and operations, and so on. State organs use other people’s published works in order to study problems, formulate policies and implement management, that is, to perform official duties, without permission or payment to the copyright owner. However, if the use of other people’s works by state organs is not necessary for official activities, such as publishing a book of Selected Papers on Family Planning, it is necessary to obtain the consent of the copyright owner and pay him remuneration. In addition, state organs may not arbitrarily expand the scope of use of published works of others for the purpose of performing official duties. For example, for the purpose of trial, a people’s court can find out the facts only by copying one article in the works compiled by the copyright owner, but it can’t copy several articles, otherwise it is not fair use. In order to prevent the abuse of this provision, not only to protect the rights and interests of copyright owners, but also to ensure the needs of state organs in performing official duties, the amendments to the Copyright Law stipulated in the 1990 Copyright Law"Use of published works by state organs for official duties" was revised to "Use of published works by state organs within a reasonable range for official duties", which further clarified the scope of use of published works by others by state organs. Some foreign countries have also stipulated this fair use. For example, Article 45 of the German Copyright Law stipulates: "For the use of court proceedings, arbitration courts or public security organs, it is allowed to make or witness to make a single copy of a work. Courts and public security organs may copy or have portraits copied for judicial and public security purposes. Under the same conditions as reproduction, it is allowed to spread, publicly exhibit or publicly reproduce the crops. "
Eight, libraries, archives, memorial halls, museums, art galleries, etc. to display or save the version, copy the works collected by the library.
Libraries, archives, memorial halls, museums and art galleries copy works in many cases, for example, libraries copy and photocopy certain books; The archives make some historical materials into films by microfilm; The memorial hall makes a photo exhibition of someone’s manuscript and diary; The museum displays some historical photos after remaking them; Watermarking paintings in art galleries and so on. Copying other people’s works in libraries, archives, memorial halls, museums and art galleries meets the following two conditions, which are fair use: First, the purpose of copying other people’s works is to display or preserve them. Libraries, archives, memorial halls, museums and art galleries collect all kinds of modern and even ancient works, some of which are old and damaged due to age, some are out of print books or only one original. The development of human civilization requires us to preserve the excellent and meaningful works of past dynasties. Therefore, the copyright law includes the reproduction of other people’s works for the purpose of saving or displaying the version into the scope of fair use. Second, the copied works must be collected by this museum, and other museums cannot be allowed to copy the works collected by this museum, nor can they copy the works collected by other museums. Foreign copyright laws also have such provisions. For example, Article 31 of the Japanese Copyright Law stipulates that libraries and other facilities stipulated by decrees for the purpose of providing use to the public shall be provided on the following occasions.As a non-profit undertaking, crops can be copied from books, records or other materials in libraries, etc.: (1) At the request of users in libraries, some copies of published crops can be provided for their investigation and research, and only one copy can be provided for each person. (2) For the need of preserving library materials. (3) at the request of other libraries, etc., provide copies of libraries that are generally difficult to obtain due to out of print or similar reasons. Article 68 of the Italian Copyright Law stipulates that the library can freely photocopy the works in its collection for readers’ personal use or the library’s services.
Nine, free performance of published works, the performance did not charge fees to the public, nor did it pay remuneration to the performers.
Free performance refers to non-commercial performance. For example, schools, enterprises, etc. organize performances by their students, teachers or employees to celebrate the May 1 International Labor Day and the birthday of the Party. The main purpose of free performance is to enrich and enliven the cultural life at the grassroots level, and the performers do not get income from it. Therefore, free performance of other people’s published works can be performed without permission and without payment to the copyright owner. A free performance of a published work must meet the following conditions for reasonable use: First, a free performance of the work must be published. If the work is not published, even if the performance is free, it must be approved by the copyright owner. Second, when performing to the public for free, other rights of the copyright owner should be respected, the name of the author and the name of the work should be indicated, and the work should not be arbitrarily modified, distorted or tampered with. Third, a free performance should neither charge the public (audience or audience) nor pay the performers. If the performer is paid by the organization of the performance, the performance is not free, although there is no ticket. In order to further clarify what is a free performance, the amendment to the Copyright Law added a provision on the basis of the "free performance of published works" stipulated in the Copyright Law in 1990: "The performance did not charge the public or pay the performers."
It should be pointed out that the "free performance" here does not include voluntary performances by some literary and art groups and actors to sponsor large-scale sports competitions and help the disabled. Because voluntary performances have to be charged to the public, these expenses include both the performance fees of actors and the use fees of works. Voluntary performance is just that the actor dedicates his due performance fee to the relevant units or individuals, and a part of the benefit performance income should be paid to the author. If the author agrees, it can also be dedicated to the relevant units or individuals.
On the scope of reasonable use of the right to perform, different countries have different regulations. Article 38 of Japan’s Copyright Law stipulates that a published work can be publicly staged, played, dictated or shown when it is not for profit and does not charge the audience or audience fees (that is, it does not charge the consideration and reward for providing or showing crops in any name). However, when the performance, performance, oral presentation or exhibition is paid to the performer or narrator, this restriction does not apply. However, the United States stipulates that only performing religious works in religious occasions or performing works for the blind or other disabled people (such as the deaf-mute) that they cannot enjoy through normal channels is fair use. In other cases, even if the performance is non-commercial, it is necessary to notify the copyright owner in advance or perform certain procedures in the copyright office. This provision of China’s copyright law is made on the basis of drawing lessons from relevant foreign national regulations and combining with China’s actual needs.
10. Copying, painting, photographing and video recording works of art set up or displayed in outdoor public places.
Artistic works set up or displayed in outdoor public places mainly refer to paintings, sculptures, calligraphy and so on set up in squares, streets, intersections, parks, tourist attractions and buildings. For example, the stele of the Monument to the People’s Heroes and the relief around it; Statues of figures around Beijing Workers Stadium; Murals on the wall of the teaching building of the Conservatory of Music. The use of an artistic work set up or displayed in an outdoor public place without permission or payment from the copyright owner is restricted by two aspects. First, the artistic work must be set up or displayed in an outdoor public place. Second, the way to use works is limited to copying, painting, photography and video recording, and these works of art cannot be used in direct contact, such as rubbing.
The reason why the Copyright Law stipulates that copying, painting, photography and video recording of artistic works set up or displayed in outdoor public places can be done without the permission of the copyright owner, mainly because these artistic works set up or displayed in outdoor public places have long-term public and public welfare nature. Since they are displayed or set up in outdoor public places, it is inevitable that someone will copy, paint or take photos and video recording with this as the background. It is actually impossible for users to obtain the permission of the copyright owner and pay remuneration. Therefore, in this case, the use of other people’s works should naturally belong to the scope of reasonable use. Other countries also have this provision. For example, Article 492 of the Russian Civil Code stipulates that copying and reproducing plastic arts works displayed in open places (excluding exhibitions and museums) by any other means can be done without the author’s consent and without paying the author’s remuneration, but the author’s name and citation source must be indicated, except for mechanical rubbing.
Eleven, China citizens, legal persons or other organizations have published works written in Chinese into minority languages for publication in China.
China is a multi-ethnic country, with more than 50 ethnic minorities besides the Han nationality. In order to promote the development of science and culture of ethnic minorities, Han Chinese written works can be translated into any ethnic minority written works, without obtaining permission or paying remuneration to the copyright owner. However, the copyright law imposes the following restrictions on this kind of translation. First, the translated works in Chinese must be published, and the translation of unpublished works requires the permission of the copyright owner. Second, the translated works in Chinese characters must be created by China citizens, legal persons or other organizations. Thirdly, the publishing scope of translating works written in Chinese into works written in minority languages is limited to People’s Republic of China (PRC), and it is impossible to translate works written in Chinese into works written in minority languages and spread them abroad. If you want to publish and distribute abroad, you should obtain the permission of the copyright owner and pay him remuneration. Fourth, the author’s name should be indicated when translating, and the work should not be modified, distorted or tampered with without authorization. The copyright law of 1990 stipulates this fair use: "Translate the published works in Han languages into minority languages and publish them in China." There is no such provision in the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works and the Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. However, considering the need of developing and prospering the culture of ethnic minorities in China, it is better to keep this provision in the Copyright Law of 1990.But it is not suitable for foreigners. Therefore, the amendment to the Copyright Law amended this fair use provision to read: "Translate the published works written in Chinese by China citizens, legal persons or other organizations into works written in minority languages and publish them in China."
Twelve, the published works will be published in Braille.
Blind people are disabled and can only read by touch. It is the wish of the majority of authors to help the disabled, reduce their burden and study scientific and cultural knowledge hard. Therefore, the Copyright Law stipulates that a published work can be published in Braille without the permission of the copyright owner and without payment, but the author’s name and the name of the work should be indicated, and the work should not be arbitrarily modified, distorted or tampered with. The "Copyright Law" of Russian and other countries and Taiwan Province also lists this as fair use. Article 492 (8) of the Russian Civil Code stipulates that the published works for the blind can be published in raised font, and the works can be used without the consent of the author and without paying the remuneration for the works. Article 30 of the Copyright Law in Taiwan Province stipulates that a published work may be reproduced by braille for the blind. With the permission of the government, organizations whose purpose is to promote the welfare of the blind may record published works for the exclusive use of the blind.
The Copyright Law not only stipulates that the rights of copyright owners are restricted by the above twelve aspects, but also stipulates that the rights of publishers, performers, producers of audio and video recordings, radio stations and television stations are also subject to the above-mentioned restrictions. That is, the provisions of the second paragraph of this article: the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall apply to the restrictions on the rights of publishers, performers, producers of audio and video recordings, radio stations and television stations.
According to the provisions of the Copyright Law, publishers enjoy exclusive rights to publish works delivered for publication by copyright owners in accordance with the contract and are protected by law. During the period when the publisher enjoys the exclusive right to publish a work, others may not publish the work. However, according to the provisions of the second paragraph of this article, if a Braille publishing house wants to publish a published work in Braille, it can publish the work without the publisher’s permission and without paying remuneration.
According to the provisions of the copyright law, performers have the right to license others to perform audio and video recordings of their performances and get paid. However, if someone records and videos a performer’s performance for personal appreciation, they can do so without the permission of the performer and without payment.
According to the provisions of the Copyright Law, producers of audio and video recordings have the right to permit others to copy, distribute, rent, and disseminate the audio and video recordings to the public through information networks, and get paid. However, if the audio and video recordings are copied for classroom teaching, for example, a dance academy copies a video recording of a certain dance, it is not necessary to pay the producers without their permission, and at the same time, it is not necessary to pay the performers.
According to the provisions of the Copyright Law, radio stations and television stations have the right to prohibit the recording of their broadcasts and televisions on audio-visual carriers and the copying of audio-visual carriers without their permission. However, if an individual records the radio and television broadcast by a radio station or television station on an audio-visual carrier for study, research and appreciation, he can do so without the permission of the radio station or television station and without paying him.
        
Article 23 When compiling and publishing a textbook for the implementation of the nine-year compulsory education and the national education plan, unless the author declares in advance that it is not allowed to be used, he may compile published fragments of works, short written works, musical works or single works of art and photography in the textbook without the permission of the copyright owner, but he shall pay remuneration in accordance with the provisions, indicate the author’s name and the title of the work, and shall not infringe upon other rights enjoyed by the copyright owner in accordance with this Law.
The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall apply to restrictions on the rights of publishers, performers, producers of audio and video recordings, radio stations and television stations.
[Interpretation] This article is about legal permission.
This article is a newly added provision in this revision of the Copyright Law.
Legal permission refers to the use of a published work without the consent of the author or other copyright owners in accordance with the law. Legal license is a restriction on copyright. When using other people’s works according to legal permission, remuneration shall be paid to the author or other copyright owners, and the name of the author, the name of the work and the source shall be indicated. Some countries stipulate that the use of other people’s works in compiling and publishing textbooks is within the scope of legal permission, that is, it can be used without the permission of the copyright owner. For example, the first paragraph of Article 33 of Japan’s Copyright Law stipulates that for the purpose of school education, published works can be published in textbooks (referring to books for educating children or students in primary schools, middle schools or colleges and similar schools approved by the Minister of Education or published in the name of works of the Ministry of Education). Paragraph 2 stipulates that, according to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, a person who wants to publish crops in a book for teaching and learning should, at the same time, inform the copyright owner of this intention, comprehensively consider the purpose of this paragraph, the types and uses of the crops, the usual amount of royalties and other matters, and pay compensation to the copyright owner according to the amount stipulated by the director of the Cultural Department every year. The third paragraph stipulates that after the director of the Department of Culture has stipulated the amount of compensation stipulated in the preceding paragraph, this stipulation will be published in the official newspaper.The fourth paragraph stipulates that the provisions of the first three paragraphs are applicable to correspondence teaching books in colleges and universities and teachers’ guidance books related to the textbooks specified in the first paragraph (limited to the scope related to the distribution of the textbooks). Article 46 of the German Copyright Law stipulates: (1) If part of a work or a small-length language work, music work, separate art work or separate photographic work is used in a compilation after publication, or several people’s works are compiled into a book, and according to the characteristics of the above-mentioned works, it is allowed to copy and distribute such a compilation. The purpose of the assembly must be clearly indicated on the title page or the corresponding position. (2) Paragraph (1) applies to the use of compilations of musical works for music teaching in general schools, except music schools. (3) Only when the intention to use the right in paragraph (1) is notified to the author by registered mail or the owner of the exclusive usufructuary right is notified when his address and place of residence are unknown, and the copy can be started two weeks later. If the address or residence of the owner of the exclusive usufructuary right is unclear, a notice may be published in the Federal Gazette. (4) Appropriate remuneration should be paid to the author for reproduction and distribution. (5) If the work no longer conforms to the belief of the author and the author is unwilling to continue to use the work and has recovered the existing usufructuary right for this reason, the author may prohibit copying and distribution.
Considering that education is related to the development of the country’s economy, culture and science, the whole society should give it strong support. On the basis of drawing lessons from some foreign countries and international treaties, this amendment to the Copyright Law adds this article, that is, the preparation and publication of textbooks for the implementation of nine-year compulsory education and the national education plan can be done without the permission of the copyright owner, unless the author declares in advance that they are not allowed to be used. Compiling published fragments of works, short written works, musical works or single works of art and photography in textbooks, but remuneration shall be paid in accordance with regulations, indicating the name of the author and the name of the work, and other rights enjoyed by the copyright owner in accordance with this law shall not be infringed. When applying this article, we should pay attention to the following points: firstly, the textbooks mentioned in this article refer to the official teaching materials used in classroom teaching, and should not include teaching reference books, counseling series and counseling materials. Second, the purpose of using other people’s published works without permission must be to compile and publish textbooks for the implementation of nine-year compulsory education and the national education plan. Third, the use of published works of others for textbooks must meet the quantitative requirements determined by law, such as "fragments" of works, "short" written works, musical works, "single" art works and photographic works. Fourth, remuneration should be paid to the copyright owner in accordance with the regulations, and the name of the author and the name of the work should be indicated. Fifth,When compiling and publishing textbooks using published works of others, other rights enjoyed by copyright owners in accordance with the copyright law shall not be infringed. Sixth, in order to take care of the situation that some authors may be dissatisfied with some of their original published works or for other reasons, and do not want others to publish and use them again, this article clearly stipulates that the authors shall not use those works that have been declared forbidden in advance. Seventh, the provisions of the statutory license in this article also apply to the restrictions on the rights of publishers, performers, producers of audio and video recordings, radio stations and television stations.