标签归档 武汉桑拿会所

On November 29th, 2004, Caiqi [2004] No.252.

All provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government, the financial departments (bureaus), the competent commercial departments, the Finance Bureau and the Commerce Bureau of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, all foreign business institutions, and all centrally managed enterprises:
　　In order to support and encourage enterprises with comparative advantages to "go global" and expand their foreign contracted projects, according to the budget arrangement of the central government’s foreign aid joint venture project fund in 2004, the commercial loans obtained by Chinese enterprises from domestic banks for the implementation of foreign contracted projects will be subsidized. The relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:
　　I. Conditions for enterprises and projects applying for discount interest.
　　(1) An enterprise applying for discount must meet the following conditions:
　　1 registered in accordance with the law, and has an independent legal personality;
　　2. Qualification for foreign economic cooperation approved by the state;
　　3. There is no malicious default or misappropriation of foreign aid joint venture and cooperation project funds;
　　4. Accept the coordination of financial and commercial departments and our foreign economic and commercial institutions.
　　(two) to apply for discount projects must meet the following conditions:
　　1. Submit the statistical data of the project in accordance with the provisions of the Statistical System of Foreign Economic Cooperation Business;
　　2. The project contract is valid from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2004, and the contract amount of a single project is not less than 10 million US dollars (or other equivalent currencies);
　　3. The loan contract of the project is valid from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2004, and the single loan amount is not less than 10 million yuan (or equivalent foreign currency);
　　4. The contracted enterprise and the loan enterprise must be the same enterprise;
　　5. In line with China’s foreign trade and economic policies.
　　Second, the application materials and procedures
　　(1) When applying for discount, an enterprise shall provide the following materials:
　　1. Discount application report;
　　2 "Enterprise Declaration Notes" (Annex 1);
　　3. Basic Information of Foreign Contracted Projects and List of Interest Payment of Bank Loans in 2004 (Annex 2);
　　4. Copy of the business license of the enterprise as a legal person;
　　5. A copy of the commercial part of the project contract (Chinese version or Chinese translation);
　　6. Written opinions of overseas economic and commercial institutions on the implementation of the project, including: contract amount, commencement date, image progress, estimated completion date, etc.;
　　7. A copy of the bank loan contract;
　　8. A copy of the settlement voucher for bank loans, interest payment and loan repayment.
　　(2) application procedures:
　　1. Local enterprises will submit the above materials to the local provincial finance and commerce authorities before February 28, 2005, and the provincial finance and commerce authorities will conduct a preliminary examination of the projects applying for interest discount according to the provisions of this notice, fill in the Summary of Preliminary Examination of Loan Interest Discount for Foreign Contracted Projects (Annex 4), and jointly report to the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Commerce before March 31, 2005;
　　2. Enterprises managed by the central government will submit the Summary of Preliminary Examination of Loan Discount for Foreign Contracted Projects (Annex 4) together with relevant application materials to the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Commerce respectively before March 31, 2005;
　　3. The Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Commerce entrust intermediaries to jointly issue discount funds after reviewing the declared projects;
　　4. Within 15 days after the two ministries issued the notice of financial discount funds for foreign contracted project loans of relevant enterprises this year, the Ministry of Commerce will directly allocate the discount funds to the enterprises.
　　Third, the discount standard
　　(a) the annual discount rate is not higher than 2 percentage points;
　　(2) The discount period is calculated according to the calendar month of the actual loan period;
　　(3) The project enjoys discount interest for a maximum of 3 years;
　　(four) interest rate hikes, penalty interest, etc. other than normal loans are not subsidized;
　　(five) each foreign contracted project can only enjoy a loan discount;
　　(6) The discount amount shall be calculated in RMB.
　　Four, foreign business institutions shall issue written opinions for enterprises in accordance with the requirements of item 6 of the first paragraph of Article 2 of this notice (Annex 3).
　　Five, in order to do a good job in financial discount in 2004, improve efficiency, please enterprises in accordance with the provisions of this notice, carefully prepare the discount application materials and bind them in order, according to the project directory.
　　Six, after receiving the discount interest funds, the enterprise will make a reduction of the financial expenses of the current year. No unit may cheat or intercept discount interest funds in any form or for any reason. In violation of the provisions, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Commerce will fully recover the discount funds and cancel their discount eligibility. At the same time, investigate the responsibility of the relevant personnel.
　　Seven, the financial and commercial departments will supervise and inspect the implementation of discount interest funds, to ensure that discount interest funds in place in time, earmarking.
　　Attachment: 1. Description of enterprise declaration
　　　　　2. Basic information of foreign contracted projects and interest payment list of bank loans in 2004.
　　　　　3 in _ _ _ _ _ Economic and Commercial Counsellor’s Office (room) opinion
　　　　　4. Summary table of preliminary examination of loan discount for foreign contracted projects

The little "Luo" whistled and set sail.

Luohe, Henan Province: "Handling Cases+Education" fully protects minors.

In November 2023, students from Luohe Experimental Primary School went to the Comprehensive Protection Center for Minors in the city to participate in the immersive practice of rule of law.

"There are legal provisions and judicial cases in this’ online celebrity Exhibition Hall’, and the prosecutor’s sister also taught us how to deal with bad people and prevent infringement." Recently, students from West Lake School in Luohe City, Henan Province, led by their teachers, came to the exhibition hall of rule of law education in Luohe City Comprehensive Protection Center for Minors and completed a unique study tour of rule of law.

The reporter learned that there are 4 exhibition areas and 16 themes in the exhibition hall of rule of law education in Luohe Comprehensive Protection Center for Minors, which integrates the functions of visiting, teaching, experience and practice by using situational experience and game interaction. With the help of the announcement (admonition) room, information (inquiry) room and psychological counseling room set up in the comprehensive case-handling area of the center, the procuratorate of Luohe City comprehensively carried out procuratorial case handling, psychological counseling, comprehensive assistance and parental education. Since its establishment in December 2019, the center has received more than 7,800 visitors and carried out 52 legal practice activities, which has not only become an important position for the mutual promotion of procuratorial handling and legal education, but also a "punching place" for legal education for minors in online celebrity.

Enhance the effectiveness of rule of law education

"I used to think that loving children is to make him worry-free, so I patronize working to earn money and rarely communicate with children." In June 2023, when accompanying the children to visit the exhibition hall of rule of law education in Luohe Comprehensive Protection Center for Minors, the mother of Ma, a minor involved in the crime, choked.

In July 2022, when handling a suspected theft case of Ma, the prosecutor of the Yancheng District Procuratorate of Luohe City found that Ma’s mother worked outside the home all the year round, and Ma had been living with her grandmother. Ma has been infected with Internet addiction due to the lack of family supervision. If he is not helped to quit Internet addiction, he still has the risk of committing crimes again.

In view of this, the procuratorate and the Women’s Federation jointly provided family education guidance to Ma’s mother, suggesting that she communicate with her children more, strengthen supervision and help Ma quit Internet addiction. After 10 months of investigation and assistance, on May 15, 2023, Ma was decided not to prosecute by the Yancheng District Procuratorate.

"In view of the problems such as the lack of family education and the absence of guardianship reflected in cases involving minors, we have produced courses such as" Talking about family education from the’ long season’ ",focusing on improving parents’ self-literacy, improving improper education methods, strengthening parent-child communication, and building a defense line for family guardianship, and reminding parents with the most real cases." Jun Hu, head of the unchecked department of Luohe City Procuratorate, said.

The reporter learned that Luohe Comprehensive Protection Center for Minors has a theater of rule of law and a mock trial. In view of the rule of law needs of students of different ages, combined with the legal blind spots and key points found in the practice of handling cases, prosecutors have produced more than 40 lecture courseware, scenario scripts and simulation cases on different topics such as preventing school bullying and preventing telecommunication network fraud, and actively fed back the course menu to the school for selection.

Since 2022, the procuratorate of Luohe City has given full play to the various functions of the Luohe Comprehensive Protection Center for Minors, and based on this, it has created the brand of "Yu Jian Future Xiao Luo" for minors’ procuratorial work. Since 2022, the Seventh Procuratorial Department of Luohe City Procuratorate has been awarded the National Advanced Collective for Safeguarding Women’s and Children’s Rights and Interests, the Henan Youth Rights and Interests Post and the National Youth Rights and Interests Post. The center was awarded as an excellent publicity and education base of the rule of law in Henan Province and a demonstration base of family education in Henan Province.

"This kind of case teaching and interactive experience based on procuratorial handling cases has changed the single mode of popularizing law, such as distributing brochures and teaching in class, realized the close combination of rule of law education and high-quality and efficient handling cases, and greatly improved the publicity effect of popularizing law." On August 17, 2023, Ning Yaqiu, deputy to the National People’s Congress and deputy director of the editorial office of Luohe Radio and Television Station in Henan Province, said at the unveiling ceremony of the Henan Provincial Procuratorate’s Comprehensive Protection Center for Minors.

Expand the source of supervision cases

In July 2022, Wang, an obstetrician and gynecologist in a hospital in Wuyang County, found that Xiao Yu (12 years old) was suspected of being sexually assaulted. Wang reported the case to the police at the first time according to the compulsory reporting system for cases against minors. The public security organs quickly launched an investigation, and the Wuyang County Procuratorate intervened in advance to guide the investigation according to law. In the end, the defendant was sentenced to three years in prison by the court.

"When the prosecutor gave us a mandatory report, he particularly emphasized the importance of medical staff fulfilling their mandatory reporting obligations in time, thus reducing the occurrence of re-infringement. Our hospital conscientiously implements the mandatory reporting system and incorporates it into the year-end assessment project of medical staff to jointly protect the healthy growth of minors. " The president of the hospital told the reporter.

"Since June 2022, we have concentrated on preaching the systems of compulsory reporting, prohibition of employment, and on-the-job inquiry to key groups such as front-line teachers and medical staff in Luohe Comprehensive Protection Center for Minors, and received a total of 7 clues about suspected cases of infringement on minors, including 2 criminal cases. The role of promoting and expanding the source of supervision by the rule of law is becoming prominent." Yuan Dong, deputy procurator-general of Luohe City Procuratorate, said.

The rule of law propaganda is not only an effective way to expand the source of supervision cases, but also an important part of minors’ procuratorial work and a keen antenna to participate in social governance. It is reported that Luohe City Procuratorate, in response to the clues about campus surrounding safety and school bullying found and collected in the popularization of law, actively cooperated with education, public security, market supervision and other departments to comprehensively manage the campus surrounding environment through discussion and consultation, procuratorial suggestions, and urging special actions, so as to eliminate all kinds of risks infringing on the legitimate rights and interests of minors in time. Since 2022, Luohe City Procuratorate has issued 12 procuratorial suggestions on the protection of minors according to law, promoted functional departments to carry out special rectification activities 14 times, inspected 428 merchants, ordered 30 businesses to suspend business for rectification, and investigated 9 illegal entertainment venues.

"Minors who commit crimes are the key targets of rule of law education." Yuan Dong said that since 2022, the procuratorial organs in Luohe City have focused on the juvenile delinquents, a special group of rule of law education, and paid attention to giving full play to the important role of targeted rule of law education in helping and saving juvenile delinquents, combining rule of law education with procuratorial admonition, behavior development and help and save, helping 55 juvenile delinquents to turn over a new leaf and reintegrate into society.

Optimize the mode of "handling cases+education"

"Children, please follow me to start this journey of the rule of law in the Winter Olympics and see what problems’ Jian Xiaowei’ encountered in the Winter Olympics and how to use legal weapons to protect himself." On the day of Children’s Day in 2023, more than 20,000 students from Luohe participated in an online live broadcast of the rule of law propaganda. Wang Hao, the prosecutor of the unchecked department of Luohe City Procuratorate, became the "anchor" and interpreted relevant legal knowledge from three aspects: rules and laws, cybercrime and campus violence. The number of praises in the live broadcast was as high as 500,000 times.

Luohe City Procuratorate adheres to the concept that "case handlers can be better lecturers", selects 81 procuratorial police officers with excellent political skills and professional skills in the city’s procuratorial organs to set up a professional propaganda team, and adjusts the content, methods and objects of propaganda at any time according to the changes in the characteristics of crimes involving minors, and promotes the deep integration of case interpretation and campus law popularization. At the same time, the hospital actively absorbs social propaganda talents, such as educators and children’s social workers, and changes "prosecutors speak for themselves" into "everyone speaks together", forming a big pattern of legal education for minors with distinct themes and their respective strengths; Actively unite the Youth League Committee, women’s federations, education, civil affairs and other units, and efficiently integrate Luohe City’s comprehensive protection center for minors, family education guidance stations, youth homes, and practice bases for rule of law education in primary and secondary schools, so as to achieve multi-field cooperation and one-stop service.

According to reports, since February 2023, Luohe City Procuratorate and relevant departments have carried out 13 sessions of "Youth Shaying and Law Walking" rule of law summer camp activities and "Candy Mom" parenting classes and educational lectures, bringing children of migrant workers, left-behind children in rural areas, parents, etc. into the scope of rule of law education, and including mental health education. At the same time, for some minors involved with outstanding psychological problems, The Communist Youth League Committee, educational and professional psychological institutions have carried out collective psychological counseling for 6 times and case intervention for 33 times, striving to achieve pre-prevention, timely intervention and timely punishment, and integrating standardized case handling, accurate publicity and diversified protection.

"The procuratorate of Luohe City will continue to focus on brand creation, optimize the mode of" case handling+education ",comprehensively strengthen the judicial protection of minors, crime prevention, rule of law education, etc., and sound the small number of comprehensive judicial protection for minors, making this" work with temperature "more practical and better, and supporting a blue sky of rule of law for the healthy growth of minors." Du Yongzhao, Party Secretary and Procurator-General of Luohe City Procuratorate, said.

(Our reporter Liu Lixin   Correspondent Huang Xindi)

　 　 　 　 Instead of passing the exam, 17 2013 graduate students entered Hunan University, one of the best universities in Hunan, from six universities.

　　　　　　　　According to the latest ranking of "China Alumni Association Network", Hunan University ranks 34th, and all the six universities rank outside the top 100. The last of the six universities is Jishou University, which ranks 309th, but this university also has the largest number of 2013 graduate students transferred to Hunan University, with 5 students.

　　　　　　　　She Zuochen, director of the Graduate Department of Jishou University, said that the state stipulates that if there are special difficulties, you can transfer to another school, and the special situation of five students must be considered, "people-oriented".

　　　　　　　　The school of Hunan University also explained that the transfer procedures of 17 graduate students were compliant and there were no problems.

　　　　　　　　However, the transfer from ordinary universities to local famous schools and 17 graduate students at once, and the details of the transfer were not announced, which still caused controversy.

　　　　　　　　According to the data provided by the Hunan Provincial Department of Education, there are only 122 graduate students transferred from all universities in Hunan Province in the past decade.

　　　　　　　　Hunan University also realized that it was inappropriate, and made a new regulation after accepting 17 graduate students to transfer to another school, and will no longer accept the transfer applications of non-"985" university graduate students in the future.

Enter a prestigious school through transfer.

　　　　　　　　A netizen broke the news on the Internet that in 2014, Hunan University accepted 17 2013 graduate students from Jishou University, Hunan Agricultural University and other schools for transfer.

　　　　　　　　He said that these students did not go to the retest line of Hunan University in 2013, first entered non-key universities with low scores, then entered Hunan University in the name of further study, and then transferred their student status to Hunan University six months later to complete the whole process of phoenix nirvana.

　　　　　　　　The above-mentioned netizens questioned whether this situation is in line with state regulations and whether it is fair, and called on the Commission for Discipline Inspection to intervene.

　　　　　　　　The survey in The Paper confirmed that 17 graduate students did transfer from six universities in Hunan to Hunan University in early 2014. Among the 17 people, at least half of the students paid tuition fees to "study" at Hunan University before transferring to another school, and obtained credits. Its path is quite close to the description of netizens.

　　　　　　　　The Paper also found that among the 17 graduate students, some were admitted to the original university, but they did not study there.

　　　　　　　　For example, Yang, a graduate student in 2013, transferred from the business administration major of Central South University of Forestry and Technology to the business administration major of Hunan University. However, a 2013 graduate student majoring in business administration at Central South University of Forestry and Technology said that Yang’s name was on the roster at the time of reporting, but he had never seen Yang in his class.

　　　　　　　　The Paper contacted some graduate students who transferred to Hunan University, but they all refused the interview on the grounds of personal information and privacy.

　　　　　　　　The school of Hunan University responded that the transfer of 17 graduate students was carried out in accordance with national regulations and school procedures, and there was no problem.

　　　　　　　　As for the problem that some graduate students "pursue advanced studies" in Hunan University before transferring to another school, the school of Hunan University said that this is a case of mutual recognition of credits, that is, in order to share high-quality educational resources, each school allows students to take courses in the other school, and the school agrees with these credits.

　　　　　　　　Regardless of whether the procedures are in compliance, these 17 students did achieve a big leap in the school level through transfer.

　　　　　　　　According to the ranking of Chinese universities in 2015 selected by "China Alumni Association Network", the six universities where 17 graduate students were originally located were ranked outside the top 100, and Jishou University ranked 309th, far worse than Hunan University ranked 34th.

　　　　　　　　As far as the scores of postgraduate entrance examination are concerned, in 2013, the scores of literature postgraduates independently designated by Hunan University were 370, while the scores of literature postgraduates in six universities were unified "national line", with 350 for A-type candidates and 340 for B-type candidates (A and B are divided according to regions). The scores of literature postgraduate entrance examination in these six schools are 30-40 points different from those in Hunan University.

　　　　　　　　A graduate student in a famous university told The Paper that there are two specialized courses in the postgraduate examination independently proposed by universities, and the specialized courses in Hunan University are definitely much more difficult than those in six universities, so the actual gap is even greater than the difference in scores.

　　　　　　　　In addition, some graduate students were able to return to Changsha, the provincial capital, from Xiangtan and Jishou through transfer.　　

A winding path outside the exam

　　　　　　　　Every year, millions of students sprint for the postgraduate entrance examination, and eventually more than half a million students will be admitted to the corresponding schools according to their respective achievements.

　　　　　　　　However, after the unified postgraduate examination and admission are settled, there is still a winding path for the admitted graduate students to choose another school-transfer.

　　　　　　　　The winding path outside this exam is a "hole" left by the "Regulations on the Management of Students in Ordinary Colleges and Universities" issued by Order No.21 of the Ministry of Education.

　　　　　　　　In 2005, the Ministry of Education promulgated and implemented the "Regulations on the Management of Students in Colleges and Universities", which clearly stated that students should generally complete their studies in the admitted schools. If you are sick or have special difficulties and can’t continue studying in our school, you can apply for transfer.

　　　　　　　　However, there are four situations that clearly prohibit transfer: those who have been enrolled for less than one semester; When enrolling students, it is determined to be oriented and entrusted training; Should drop out of school; Other without justifiable reasons.

　　　　　　　　The "Regulations on the Management of Students in Ordinary Colleges and Universities" also clarifies the procedures for students to transfer to other schools: with the consent of the two schools, the transfer school can report to the local provincial education administrative department to confirm that the transfer reason is justified and can go through the transfer procedures; Inter-provincial transfer scholars shall be transferred from the provincial education administrative department of the transfer place to the provincial education administrative department of the transfer place, and go through the transfer procedures after confirming the transfer conditions.

　　　　　　　　In 2006, the Hunan Provincial Department of Education issued the Notice on Issues Related to Postgraduates’ Transfer, which added two more cases besides the cases in which the Regulations on the Management of Students in Ordinary Colleges and Universities clearly stated that transfer was not allowed: the graduate students were directly transferred to doctoral students; Does not meet the relevant provisions on graduate transfer from school to school.

　　　　　　　　Colleges and universities have also formulated their own "Measures for the Management of Postgraduate Student Status", which has made corresponding provisions on transfer.

　　　　　　　　For example, the Measures for the Management of Postgraduates’ Student Status in Hunan University basically follows the regulations of the Ministry of Education on transfer, but adds a new rule that no transfer is allowed "those who have been enrolled for more than one year".

　　　　　　　　The Measures for the Administration of Postgraduates’ Student Status in Hunan University also refines the examination and approval procedures for transfer. For example, it is stipulated that graduate students should submit a written application, and only after the tutor agrees to receive and transfer to the college (department) and the examination agrees, can they go through the registration formalities after being examined by the graduate school and approved by the principal in charge, and reported to the provincial education administrative department for approval.

　　　　　　　　Tang Zhenming, director of the Propaganda Department of Hunan University Party Committee and spokesperson, explained that after receiving the application, the graduate school will conduct the preliminary examination first, first of all, it must rule out several situations that the Ministry of Education stipulates that it is not allowed to transfer, and then "attend the meeting" after the preliminary examination.

　　　　　　　　"Attending the meeting" refers to taking the transfer application to the meeting of Hunan University Admissions Leading Group for discussion and voting. The enrollment leading groups are all school leaders, including the president, the vice president in charge of graduate students, the secretary of the school discipline inspection commission and the head of the graduate school.

　　　　　　　　Regarding the "cut" left by the Ministry of Education, a number of university graduate students told The Paper that some people have special circumstances and must be considered.

　　　　　　　　Regarding the unfairness caused by the transfer of scholars from ordinary universities to key schools, Vice President Liu of the Graduate School of Central South University of Forestry and Technology said that the transfer needs strict examination, so it will not cause large-scale unfairness.

　　　　　　　　Many university officials also emphasized to The Paper that the transfer of graduate students is only a small probability event, and very few graduate students transfer every year.

　　　　　　　　Even Hunan University, a "big family" of graduate students in Hunan Province, usually transfers in single digits every year, only in 2014, it soared to 17.

Special difficulties or discretionary factors?

　　　　　　　　The Ministry of Education’s Regulations on the Management of Students in Colleges and Universities clearly stipulates that students with "special difficulties" can apply for transfer, but it does not specify what "special difficulties" there are.

　　　　　　　　Colleges and universities also follow the concept of "special difficulties" of the Ministry of Education when formulating the regulations on student status management, and have not refined it.

　　　　　　　　Therefore, in practice, the "special difficulties" put forward by graduate students applying for transfer can be described in various ways.

　　　　　　　　She Zuochen, director of the Graduate Department of Jishou University, did not agree with The Paper to consult the application form of graduate students transferred from this school, saying that the materials had been filed and the administrator had taken a holiday.

　　　　　　　　He orally introduced the reasons why Liu and Luo, 2013 graduate students who transferred from this school to Hunan University, transferred to other schools.

　　　　　　　　Before Liu was admitted to Jishou University as a graduate student, she had studied in Hunan University for two years with master’s degree equivalent, so the school agreed to transfer her. "We consider for the students, after all, Hunan University is higher than our platform"; Luo is because his father who works in Changsha is in poor health and needs to be taken care of.

　　　　　　　　She Zuochen said that many transfer graduate students are the only children of single-parent families, and single parents are still sick. "Don’t think about it."

　　　　　　　　Yang and Xu, graduate students in 2013, transferred from Hunan University of Science and Technology to Hunan University.

　　　　　　　　Yao Jingcheng, deputy dean of the Graduate School of Hunan University of Science and Technology, said that Yang, who was admitted to the fine arts school, was allergic to oil painting, and the school did not have a design major, so she agreed to transfer to the design art school of Hunan University.

　　　　　　　　Since I’m allergic to oil painting, why did I apply for a postgraduate degree in fine arts at Hunan University of Science and Technology? The Paper contacted Yang through Weibo’s private letter, but the other party didn’t reply after asking about transfer and oil painting allergy.

　　　　　　　　The Paper found that Yang majored in online media art design at Hunan University.

　　　　　　　　As for Xu, Yao Jingcheng said that his application for transfer was due to financial difficulties, but did not specify what kind of financial difficulties it was. He only emphasized that Changsha, the provincial capital, had good economic conditions and many opportunities.

　　　　　　　　Three 2013 graduate students from Central South University of Forestry and Technology transferred to Hunan University. The graduate school of this school also rejected The Paper’s request to view the application form for graduate transfer, saying that only specialized departments can view students’ archives.

　　　　　　　　A teacher at the Graduate School of Central South University of Forestry and Technology said that most of the reasons for students’ transfer were because students found that their interests were inconsistent with the training priorities of the school after entering the school. "If you can’t learn, you will either drop out of school or transfer."

　　　　　　　　Tang Zhenming, a spokesman for Hunan University, also pointed out that students have a strong interest in a certain subject of Hunan University, and Hunan University will accept their application for transfer if they find that the other party has potential. He said that graduate students emphasize professional ability more than undergraduates.

　　　　　　　　Another situation is that students are not used to transferring the soil, water, diet and so on from the school.

　　　　　　　　Wang, a 2013 graduate student who transferred from Jishou University to Hunan University, told The Paper that the reason for the transfer was physical reasons, and he didn’t adapt to the mountainous climate in Jishou.

　　　　　　　　The name of Tang Zhen was once transferred from Hunan University to a Hebei graduate student because he couldn’t get used to the spicy Hunan food.

　　　　　　　　In practice, some universities will also consider the children of their own schools for transfer.

　　　　　　　　In short, the "special difficulties" stipulated by the Ministry of Education have evolved into various reasons in practice. Dean Liu of Central South University of Forestry and Technology summarized that any special circumstances can be applied, and then the school will review the reasons for the application.

　　　　　　　　In a sense, the "special difficulties" stipulated by the Ministry of Education have evolved into various discretionary factors in practice.

The opaque transfer process

　　　　　　　　Postgraduates who apply for transfer generally have to go through three levels, transfer out of school, transfer to school and the degree office of the provincial education department. If they transfer from other provinces, they have to go through the examination of the education departments of other provinces.

　　　　　　　　The internal audit process of the school is also very complicated, which generally requires the signature and consent of the tutor, the college, the graduate school and the leader of the competent school. For example, Hunan University also needs an enrollment leading group composed of many famous school leaders to hold a meeting to discuss and vote.

　　　　　　　　After the transfer and transfer to the school are agreed, they will be reported to the Academic Degree Office of the Provincial Department of Education. A staff member of the degree office said that the office is mainly responsible for confirmation and filing. Mainly confirm three contents: whether the universities on both sides agree, whether they are officially admitted students, and whether they are prohibited from transferring to other schools according to the regulations of the Ministry of Education.

　　　　　　　　However, there is no provision for publicity in the complicated and well-designed transfer review procedure.

　　　　　　　　The Paper searched the official website of Hunan University, but found no information related to transfer, and the transfer situation of 17 2013 graduate students was completely unknown.

　　　　　　　　Not only in Hunan University, but also in official website, six universities where 17 graduate students transferred, there is no information about these students’ transfer.

　　　　　　　　The Paper asked many graduate students from Changsha University of Science and Technology, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, and Jishou University, all of whom said that they had never seen the transfer students notified or publicized by the school.

　　　　　　　　Several graduate students from Jishou University told The Paper that either the number of students was reduced during the class reunion, or they didn’t show up for a long time, and then they found out that some students had transferred to another school after asking each other.

　　　　　　　　In fact, it seems to be a common unspoken rule for all localities to keep the transfer information of graduate students in colleges and universities secret. Searching the keyword "graduate+transfer" casually on the Internet can’t find any public information about transfer students.

　　　　　　　　A staff member of the Academic Degree Office of Hunan Provincial Department of Education said that Decree No.21 of the Ministry of Education did not stipulate publicity.

　　　　　　　　A person from a university explained that because schools are not willing to transfer their graduate students, they will not promote it.

　　　　　　　　However, this kind of internal audit, which is not open to the public, is easy to make people guess. When it comes to transfer, the biggest magic weapon that many people think of is relationship.

　　　　　　　　A graduate student of Changsha University of Science and Technology told The Paper that transfer is "all done behind closed doors, not open and fair" and "mainly depends on your relationship".

　　　　　　　　Although Hunan University claimed that the transfer procedures of 17 graduate students were in compliance after self-examination, the number of transfer students in this session almost doubled than before, and it was not publicized, which eventually triggered online questioning.

　　　　　　　　In January 2014, the Admissions Leading Group of Hunan University held a meeting and decided to accept 17 2013 graduate students to transfer to Hunan University. "The meeting was very heated." In the same month, the group made a new regulation that it would no longer accept the transfer application of master students from non-"985" universities.

　　　　　　　　Tang Zhenming, director of the Propaganda Department of Hunan University Party Committee and spokesperson, said that this is because the school leaders want to ensure the quality of graduate students’ "import".

　　　　　　　　However, when accepting 17 graduate students from non-"985" universities, after a heated discussion, I immediately made a decision not to accept graduate students from non-"985" universities in the future, and the behind-the-scenes motivation made people think more.

　　　　　　　　Even the official of Hunan University does not deny that this decision has the consideration of excluding people from greeting and taking relationships. "I am too lazy to pay attention to you, just set a threshold of’ 985′."

　　　　　　　　As a result of the establishment of the threshold, none of the 2014 graduate students entered Hunan University through transfer.　　

Original title of this article: "Does the construction in the middle of the night bring dust rolling? These problems that plague citizens’ lives have been dealt with! 》

Dear friends,

The weekly [Echo] is coming again!

The mixer truck raises dust and the construction noise at night is loud?

Lack of road control, there are great security risks?

The school gate will be flooded whenever it rains, making it difficult to pass?

……

This week’s [Echo]

Continue to solve your problems!

reply

(No.39, 2018)

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01

User message content

Longxi Mountain, Gaoyao Country Garden, rushed to work day and night, and 2 tons of cars were forbidden to pass through this section. The mixer still shuttled through Cologne Street at 2 or 3 in the morning, raising a lot of dust, and did not sprinkle water on the road to reduce dust, which had a great impact on the life and travel of nearby residents. The dust was rolling during the day and the noise was constant at night. I hope the relevant departments would pay attention to it.

Gaoyao district Committee office

answer

After verification, netizens reported that the situation was true. The construction unit has implemented water spraying and dust removal, but the frequency is not enough, and the dust removal effect is not ideal.

On October 26th, a joint working group was formed by the departments of housing, construction, environmental protection, transportation and traffic police in our district. The person in charge of the Longxi Mountain construction project in Country Garden and the person in charge of the construction unit were interviewed, and the situation reflected by the netizens’ messages was reported to the person in charge. The project construction party was required to strictly abide by various rules and regulations to carry out construction and production according to law, reasonably arrange the construction time, and limit the impact of environmental pollution problems such as dust and noise on the surrounding residents to the greatest extent. It is strictly forbidden to overload and carry vehicles. That night, traffic, traffic police and other departments set up cards around "Country Garden Longxi Mountain" to enforce the law, and rectified the traffic violations of dump trucks, and the rectification action received certain results.

On October 27th, the working group formed a rectification plan on relevant issues as follows:

First, it is forbidden for the construction unit to carry out construction at night (from 22:00 pm to 6:00 am the next day), and the District Housing and Construction Bureau is responsible for supervision. If the construction at night is found, it will be ordered to stop work immediately for rectification.

Second, because the traffic of trucks over 2 tons is restricted in Cologne Street, construction vehicles must bypass the construction site through other roads to avoid dust and noise disturbing people, and the traffic police and transportation departments are responsible for supervision; The District Traffic Police Brigade carries out technical maintenance and upgrade of monitoring equipment in Cologne Street, and the District Transportation Bureau urges the owner to install weighing equipment at the cargo loading site and assign special personnel to manage it.

Third, the construction unit is required to increase the frequency of sprinkling water to reduce the dust on the road section, and the district environmental protection bureau is responsible for supervision.

In the next step, housing, construction, environmental protection, transportation and other departments will establish a linkage mechanism, strengthen joint law enforcement, conduct night inspections, and severely punish violations found. The traffic police department will implement the service system and increase the patrol monitoring of this section by setting up cards and taking irregular measures.

02

User message content

1. On the Hengda Haoting section of Dinghu 321 National Road, even if you can enter the auxiliary road after turning around from west to east, there is no municipal road that can turn into Hengda Haoting. Every day, many people from Duanzhou to Dinghu turn around here and then take the path next to the gas station to enter Hengda Haoting Road. Because it is not a municipal road, the road surface is not maintained and there is no safety control, which has great security risks. It is recommended to improve it!

2. Since the construction of National Highway 321, Xinyuan No.1 Street in Dinghu District has been flooded in every heavy rain, especially when typhoons such as Tiange and Mangosteen arrive, and even the flooding depth is more than 1 meter. The surrounding residents have repeatedly reported their problems to the petition offices and sub-district offices, but they have not received any reply or rectification.

Dinghu district Committee office

answer

(I) About the problem of netizens reflecting the section of Evergrande Haoting.

It is understood that the path that enters Taihe gas station after the U-turn of Hengda Haoting section of National Highway 321 is not a municipal road, but is owned by the gas station. The person in charge of the commercial gas station has no intention to maintain the path at present. Next, our district will strengthen the safety supervision around this section in conjunction with the traffic police department to ensure the travel safety of surrounding residents.

(2) About netizens reflecting the flooding problem in Xinyuan Street.

It is understood that due to the influence of Typhoon Mangosteen No.22 this year, from September 16 to 18, heavy rain continued to fall in our area, with local heavy rain, and the maximum rainfall recorded at Kengkou was 269 mm. Xinyuan First Street was one of the areas where flooding occurred.

During Typhoon Mangosteen, the rainfall lasted for a long time and was heavy, which greatly exceeded the design capacity of urban sewers and drainage standards, making it difficult to drain the rainwater on the pavement in a short time, and flooding occurred in many places in the area to varying degrees. Xinyuan 1st Street mentioned in the letter must be flooded in heavy rain after the construction of National Highway 321. The reason is that the elevation of the road surface has been improved after the urbanization of National Highway 321, which makes Xinyuan 1st Street relatively low-lying and prone to flooding.

In view of this situation, our district will speed up the construction progress of Xinshengtian Canal, complete the project construction as soon as possible under the premise of ensuring the quality, and strive to put it into use as soon as possible, so as to reduce the drainage pressure of urban sewers and reduce the flooding problem during the torrential rain in the district. In addition, the water department of our district has organized the construction team to comprehensively clear the municipal sewers of Xinyuan First Street and surrounding roads to ensure the smooth drainage of sewers in this area. In the next step, our district will refer to the vertical of surrounding roads and other factors, and appropriately adjust the ground elevation of Xinyuan Street to minimize the problem of road surface water accumulation.

03

User message content

1. The road at the gate of xinhua primary school will be flooded whenever it rains, and the water depth is more than 20 centimeters. Primary school students cannot pass after school, so parents need to carry it. I hope the relevant departments will go to the field to investigate and study solutions.

2. Two fans on the Blue Sky Water Gathering Building of Duanzhou Shanghai City Phase II roared for 24 hours. Standing on the balcony, I felt my ears tingle. I didn’t even dare to open the doors and windows at home. I couldn’t sleep when I opened the windows. I have reported to various departments that no one has handled them many times. Blue Sky Shuihui is a clubhouse, which is opened so close to the community. It is not legal at all. A few days ago, I heard the voice of singing K in the middle of the night.

Duanzhou district government office

answer

(1) About the problem that netizens report that the road at the entrance of xinhua primary school will be flooded when it rains.

According to the field investigation, xinhua primary school is located on the land on the east side of Xinghu Avenue and the north side of Donghu Road, which is lower than the municipal roads. The road at the entrance of xinhua primary school belongs to the village road, and drainage pipes and wells have not been built around it. The urban drainage network management center regularly cleans and maintains the municipal drainage pipelines of Xinghu Avenue and Donghu Road to keep the pipelines unblocked. However, due to the lack of supporting drainage facilities and municipal drainage pipelines around xinhua primary school, and the fact that it is located in a low-lying area, rainwater cannot be drained when it rains, so it is easy to form flooding in rainy days. Our district has urged Huanggang Sub-district Office to organize Fenggang West Village to do its best to do the pumping and drainage work of this section in rainy days, and dredge the drainage channels to reduce the impact of stagnant water.

As the north side of xinhua primary school is reserved land for the expansion of Honghu Lake, it will be built by the Municipal Construction Bureau. The next step in this area will be drainage planning and construction together with Honghu Lake, which is transferred to the east. After the drainage network in this area is improved, the flooding problem of the road at the entrance of xinhua primary school can be completely solved.

(B) About the problem that netizens reported that the noise of Shanghai Blue Sky Water Club Phase II disturbed people.

Upon investigation, the name of the place mentioned in the complaint is Duanzhou Blue Sky Holiday Leisure Center (hereinafter referred to as "Blue Sky Shuihui Club") registered in the administrative department for industry and commerce. Duanzhou Sub-bureau of City Comprehensive Law Enforcement Bureau received a report on the disturbance caused by the fan noise of Blue Sky Shuihui Club in early June. After repeated urging by law enforcement officers on June 8, July 11, July 17 and August 6, the club moved two fans on the roof that were originally close to residential buildings to the direction of the road, and connected the extended air ducts of the fans to the sound isolation box, which significantly reduced the noise.

According to the situation reflected by netizens, Duanzhou Branch of the Municipal Comprehensive Law Enforcement Bureau and the District Cultural and Sports Bureau sent law enforcement officers to the scene for mediation. On-site inspection found that in order to reduce noise and avoid noise spread, the club also closed the kitchen window. On the morning of October 10th, law enforcement officers contacted the relevant complainants by telephone to inform them of the handling situation and will monitor the noise of Blue Sky Holiday Leisure Center together with the municipal environmental monitoring station. The complainant expressed satisfaction and understanding of our work.

In the next step, our district will urge Duanzhou Branch of the Municipal Comprehensive Law Enforcement Bureau and the Municipal Environmental Monitoring Station to monitor the noise of the clubhouse as soon as possible, and follow up according to the monitoring report.

04

User message content

The industrial zone on the west side of Xiangang Toll Station often uses night time to secretly discharge harmful waste gas and smoke, which causes people living nearby to have difficulty breathing and seriously affects their health! We have repeatedly complained ineffectively, and now we question whether there is a problem with the efforts of the functional departments to implement the national environmental protection policy.

Gaoyao district government

answer

Recently, the environmental protection bureau of our district has received two complaints about the waste gas pollution in the industrial zone on the west side of the Xian Gang toll station, which the district environmental protection bureau attaches great importance to. Since the beginning of this year, in response to the problem of waste gas pollution in Xiangang Industrial Zone, the District Environmental Protection Bureau has repeatedly conducted surprise inspections with the People’s Government of Xiangang Town on enterprises in the industrial zone, and filed investigations on 14 enterprises with environmental violations, which severely cracked down on environmental violations of enterprises in the region. At the same time, since the creation of our district, the government of Xiangang Town has established a grid system, strengthened supervision and inspection of enterprises in the industrial zone, and required relevant enterprises to implement the environmental management system.

After receiving complaints from the masses, on the evening of October 10, 2018, the law enforcement officers of the District Environmental Protection Bureau, together with the staff of Gaoyao District Environmental Protection Monitoring Station and third-party testing institutions, went to the complaint area to conduct supervision and inspection, and sampled and monitored the ambient air at the northeast side (near the exit of the toll station), south side (in the junior middle school) and west side of the complaint area, and will focus on tracking and inspecting the enterprises near the relevant area according to the results of the ambient air monitoring report.

At the same time, the enterprises involved in waste gas emission and producing at night (Zhaoqing Gaoyao Hongzhan Hardware Plastic Co., Ltd., Chongqing Gaoyao Jinyi Aluminum Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing Gaoyao Zhaoxing Industry and Trade Co., Ltd., etc.) were monitored for waste gas. During the inspection, law enforcement officers found that the exhaust gas collection in the drawing and granulating workshop of Hongzhan Hardware & Plastic Co., Ltd. in Gaoyao District of Zhaoqing City was not perfect and the workshop was irritating, so they immediately asked the company to stop production and rectify. The next day, the district environmental protection bureau issued a notice to the company to stop production and rectify, requiring the company to resume production after the rectification is completed and reported to the bureau for inspection.

In the next step, the District Environmental Protection Bureau will continue to strengthen the supervision and inspection of gas-related enterprises in the industrial zone on the west side of the Xiaogang toll station, and intensify inspections. Once suspected environmental violations are found, they will be seriously investigated and dealt with according to law. At the same time, the district environmental protection monitoring station and third-party testing institutions are required to increase the frequency of spot checks and monitoring of gas-related enterprises near the complaint area, and investigate the enterprises suspected of exceeding the standard discharge according to law.

That’s all for this issue.

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Zhaoqing fafa editorial department

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Editor Zeng Shanjie

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The incidence of malignant tumor is increasing year by year, which has become a common problem faced by human beings. Traditional treatment methods such as surgery, traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy have always played a leading role in cancer treatment, but the effects of these treatments are limited. In particular, it is difficult for advanced patients to benefit from these treatments for a long time, nor can they fundamentally solve or change their quality of life. Therefore, researchers are increasingly focusing on the field of immunotherapy. Immunotherapy has brought new opportunities and hopes for the treatment of tumors, among which Immunocheckpoint inhibitors, therapeutic antibodies, tumor vaccines, immunomodulators, adoptive cell therapy, etc. Significantly improved the prognosis of cancer patients, and some patients with advanced cancer obtained long-term survival. In the past two years, many cellular immunotherapy have emerged and developed rapidly, which undoubtedly set off a wave of cancer treatment. So, is cell therapy reliable in treating cancer? In fact, immunotherapy has a history of more than 100 years, and it has only gradually entered the public’s field of vision in the last two years, and it has been absolutely recognized by the world oncology community. 　　

　　

A milestone in the history of cancer immunotherapy In 2013, Science magazine ranked the top ten scientific breakthroughs of the year, and immunotherapy topped the list. In recent years, immunotherapy is one of the hot spots in the research field of tumor treatment at home and abroad, and a large number of clinical studies have shown exciting results. Among them, Cellular immunotherapy uses the self-protection and killing ability of human immune system to achieve anti-tumor effect. Cells with immune function in patients are cultured and proliferated in vitro, and they are given the ability to attack tumor cells by technical means, and then they are imported into patients to realize their own anti-cancer. This therapyAgainst immune cells, not cancer cells.It is not as harmful to the patient’s health as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Patients with early cancer can be treated directly, especially with the attack on residual cancer cells after surgery. Judging from the rapid development in scientific research and clinic in recent years, cellular immunotherapy is expected to become the fourth pillar of anticancer therapy in terms of accuracy, effectiveness and safety. Next, the small series of Cancer-free Home gives a general introduction and inventory of a variety of popular and emerging cellular immunotherapy in the biomedical industry, hoping to give cancer friends a general understanding of the general development process of this cancer treatment field.　

0one　　CAR-T cell therapy

CAR-T therapy is chimeric antigen receptor T cell immunotherapy, which is a new precise targeted therapy for treating tumors. T cells are activated by genetic engineering technology, and the positioning navigation device CAR (tumor chimeric antigen receptor) is installed to transform the ordinary "warrior" of T cells into "super warrior" CAR-T cells, Specially identify tumor cells in vivo and kill tumor cells efficiently. So as to achieve the purpose of treating malignant tumors. At present, with 2021, Aquilencel injection, Regioscel injection. It was approved for listing in China, in 2022.Cedarchiorense was approved for listing by FDA.CAR-T therapy is expected to enter the blowout period. Indeed, CAR-T technology has shown good curative effect in many hematological tumors, such as leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma, and more than half of hematologic cancer patients who are on the verge of despair and have no cure have achieved good curative effect. 　

CAR-T cell therapy has been listed at home and abroad at present.

Although the clinical effect of CAR-T therapy on solid tumors is not satisfactory, and it has even been sung down by some people, in recent years, CAR-T therapy has made outstanding progress in the fields of gastric cancer, liver cancer and pancreatic cancer. Scholars at home and abroad have made various modifications to CAR-T, and constantly found new targets for the treatment of various solid tumors. 　 　

Clinical study on CAR-T therapy is out of the loop.

0one Gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer As the first CAR-T cell targeting Claudin18.2 in the world, CT041 emerged as early as the ASCO annual meeting in 2019. At that time, the total objective remission rate was 33.3%, which already surprised the world. Now the more remarkable curative effect is undoubtedly the icing on the cake! This clinical data shows a good treatment prospect for digestive system tumors!

Domestic CAR-T therapy CT041 first appeared in ESMO

Developed by Keji Pharmaceutical at the annual meeting of the European Society of Oncology (ESMO) in 2021.Targeting Claudin18.2(CLDN18.2)Autologous CAR-T candidate productsCT041Showing its presenceDigestive system tumorThe outstanding curative effect can be described as brilliant!

The research data is particularly eye-catching!

1.　All patients’The objective remission rate was 48.6%, and the disease control rate was 73%.All patients with gastric cancerThe total objective remission rate was 57.1%.

2.　Patients with gastric cancer who failed to receive at least 2 lines of treatment in the past:The objective remission rate was 61.1%, and the disease control rate was 83.3%.

3. And the overall tolerance is good!

As of March 3, 2022,CT041 became the first and only CAR-T cell candidate product in the world for the treatment of solid tumors, which entered the confirmatory phase II clinical trial.This is a milestone for CAR-T to conquer the solid tumor field. Congratulations!

In addition, there are many CAR-T cell therapies targeting CLDN18.2.0 2 liver cancer At present, the clinical trial targets of CAR-T in the treatment of liver cancer are mainlyGPC3 (phosphatidylinositol proteoglycan 3). The breakthrough research results completed by Professor Zhai Bo, director of the Department of Tumor Interventions, Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, were published in the international authoritative journal Clinical Cancer Research on May 5, 2020. By July 24th, 2019, 13 patients had received CAR-GPC3 T cells with a median value of 19.9×108. All the patients are GPC3 positive, and they have received surgical treatment, local treatment or systemic treatment, and they all carry hepatitis B virus (HBV). Two patients achieved partial remission (PR). The 6-month, 1-year and 3-year survival rates of all patients were 50.3%, 42.0% and 10.5% respectively, and the median survival time (OS) was 278 days (39.7 weeks). At the ASCO annual meeting in 2021, Chinese medical researchers published the latest clinical research data of CAR-T drug targeting GPC3 (Ori-CAR-001) in the treatment of recurrent/refractory hepatocellular carcinoma for the first time. As of March 10, 2021, a total of 11 recurrent subjects who received cell infusion were included.All the subjects had advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, and none of them were effective after chemotherapy, TACE (transcatheter arterial chemoembolization) and targeted therapy.Of the 9 evaluable subjects,4 cases achieved partial remission (PR), 3 cases achieved disease stability (SD) and 2 cases developed disease progression (PD).The objective remission rate was 44%, and the disease control rate reached 78%..　

02　　Treatment of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL)

TILs therapy, simply speaking, is to separate and purify the lymphocytes in the tumor tissue after surgery, select the lymphocytes that can specifically resist cancer, and then amplify and activate them and reinfusion them. This kind of therapy has a history of more than 30 years, and it was first used for malignant melanoma. In recent years, it has given good data in many solid tumors such as cervical cancer and lung cancer.

This therapy is equivalent to pulling back veterans with combat experience directly from the battlefield. After a round of "political review" and "big competition" in professional ability, the spies and traitors are eliminated as far as possible, leaving the ones with the strongest fighting capacity, providing supplies, and then sending them back to the battlefield to continue fighting. Looking at the whole industry, the voice of "innovative therapy based on Tiles cells LN-144 (Lifelecel) is expected to be approved in 2022" is particularly loud. Tiles therapy, as an "ancient" cell therapy, is expected to usher in the first approved product this year, and its great potential in treating solid tumors can not be underestimated, with strong strength and relatively "out of the circle". TILs domain key node event 　 　 In 1982 　

Steven A.Rosenberg and others discovered for the first time that TILs can inhibit the metastasis of melanoma cells in patients.

　 1988 　

The earliest attempt of TILs in clinical treatment: TILs therapy for metastatic melanoma achieved an objective remission rate of 60%.

　 In 2011 　

Steven A.Rosenberg and others published a phase II clinical research data in Clinical Cancer Research: the objective remission rate (ORR) and complete remission rate (CR) of patients with melanoma treated by TILs were 56% and 24% respectively.

　 In 2012 　

Melinda Bachini, a patient with advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, is called the first patient to achieve complete remission (CR) after TILs therapy.

　 2019 　

At the ASCO meeting, the clinical results of innovative therapies LN-145 and LN-144(Lifileucel) based on TILS cells in the treatment of cervical cancer and melanoma have attracted wide attention in the medical field.FDA awarded LN-145 breakthrough therapy recognition.

　 In 2021 　

Phase I clinical results of TILs cell therapy at AACR meeting: among 12 evaluable patients.Non-small cell lung cancer patientsMedium,TIL therapy can achieve a total remission rate of 25%, among whichTwo patients achieved lasting complete remission.

　 In 2021 　

At the annual meeting of tumor immunotherapy association (SITC), the clinical research results of LN-145 in the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) showed that in 28 cases,In patients with recurrent/refractory mNSCLC,After LN-145 monotherapy,The overall remission rate (ORR) was 21.4%(1 case of CR and 5 cases of PR, including 2 cases of PD-L1 negative tumors), 12 cases were stable, and the disease control rate (DCR) was 64.3%.

03　　TCR-T therapy

CAR-T cells and TCR-T cells belong to T cells modified by genetic engineering technology.Compared with CAR-T therapy, TCR-T therapy has unique advantages in the field of solid tumor treatment. TCR-T cell therapy can identify tumor-specific antigens from cell membrane surface or intracellular sources, and has entered clinical application from the initial basic immune research, showing initial efficacy in solid tumors, and has become the most likely T cell immunotherapy to make a breakthrough in the field of solid tumors!　

1、 TCR-T cell therapy in China has been approved for clinical use and has become a potential new therapy for HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma!

At present, in addition to the global TCR-T in full swing in the research and development and clinical verification stage, China is also constantly breaking through innovation.

On December 22nd, 2021, CDE (Drug Evaluation Center) official website was able to inquire about the clinical application of "SCG101 Autologous T Cell Injection", which is a TCR-T cell therapy for specific hepatitis B virus (HBV) epitopes and a potential new therapy for HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

▲ Image source: CDE official website

2、 Advanced liver cancer ushered in a new dawn! TCR-T therapy makes cancer patients completely relieved.

As early as 2020 International Hepatology Conference (ILC), ADP-A2AFP, a new TCR-T therapy for liver cancer based on T cells, caused quite a stir, and also made a new breakthrough in the new therapy for liver cancer.

Among the included patients,One patient showed a complete remission (CR) in cancer progression, and the AFP of the other participants also decreased to varying degrees.This means that the experiment has made progress, and it also shows that this therapy is effective for the treatment of advanced liver cancer.

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

All the 9 patients involved had undergone surgery and conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy, but failed or became intolerant. Among the 4 patients who received the highest dose of treatment,One patient achieved complete remission, and CT scan showed that all the lesions in the patient disappeared, and it has lasted for more than half a year without any recurrence!

The best response of other patients (cohort 1, cohort 2) is stable. 1 patient in queue 2After one month of treatment, the volume of the primary lesion did not decrease, but the volume of mediastinal lymph node metastasis decreased obviously!　 　 　 　

Therefore, TCR-T therapy targeting AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) can kill tumor cells expressing AFP. Based on the positive results of this study, researchers are expected to expand the maximum dose to 5 billion cells, and we look forward to the publication of updated data of this study!

04　　CAR-NK therapy

In recent two years, in addition to CAR-T therapy, another new cancer cell therapy- Natural killer (NK) cell therapy It has also gradually attracted attention. The researchers said, NK cell As a cell anticancer therapy, it has more potential, and it may be safer, cheaper and faster. CAR-NK is to add a chimeric antibody to NK cells by genetic engineering that can recognize tumor cells and activate NK cells to kill tumor cells at the same time.　

one 　 The first "spot" CAR-NK clinical trial in China was approved by the Food and Drug Administration. On November 11, 2021, National Medical Products Administration Drug Evaluation Center passed an independent research and development in China. Mesothelin (MSLN) chimeric antigen receptor NK cells (CAR-NK) injection for the treatment of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Application for clinical trial of CAR-NK injection. According to the cancer-free home, This product is the first "spot" CAR-NK product of foreign origin in China. This also marks a new milestone in the research of immune cell drugs in the treatment of solid tumors in China!　

2　　The 1-year survival rate doubled, and the curative effect of CAR-NK therapy in solid tumor increased sharply.

Recently, the journal Clinical Oncology Research published a phase II clinical trial for lung cancer. Heat shock protein 70(Hsp70) is highly expressed in about 70% of middle and advanced lung cancer. NK cells are activated by Hsp70 in vitro, which is equivalent to making NK cells meet their future enemies in vitro, "making enemies" first, and then returning them to patients, so that NK cells can formally fight with cancer cells in vivo. This method of stimulating NK cells with antigen peptides in vitro and giving them certain specificity is a hot topic in recent years.

A total of 16 patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer were enrolled in this clinical trial. One group received traditional chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and the other group received chemotherapy combined with Hsp70 pre-stimulated NK cell reinfusion.

The results show that:The one-year survival rate can be doubled from 33% to 67% by Hsp70 pre-stimulated NK cell reinfusion therapy combined with traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and the preliminary results are encouraging.

Next, Xiaobian shows a typical successful case in combination therapy, as shown in the figure:After 1~2 months of treatment, the lung tumor completely disappeared and the curative effect has been maintained for 18 months.

　 　　

In addition to the above-mentioned clinical studies at home and abroad, CAR-NK cells also have a good effect on glioblastoma and neuroblastoma, specifically recognizing and killing breast cancer cells with high efficiency, and have a remarkable effect on multiple myeloma.

05　　Dendritic cell vaccine

Cancer vaccine is a form of immunotherapy, which can prevent cancer from developing or kill existing tumors by stimulating or restoring the human immune system. Dendritic cell (DC) vaccine is a new biological therapy for malignant tumor in recent years, which has been paid more and more attention and recognized by oncologists. As an important member of the human immune defense system, Dendritic cells have the strongest antigen presenting function and are known as "sentinels" of the immune system. It is named because its cells extend outward with many dendritic protrusions. It mainly uses modern high-tech biotechnology to collect the peripheral blood of tumor patients, induce and cultivate a large number of dendritic cells in a short time in vitro, and equip them with immune cells that patients do not have, so as to accurately "target" and kill cancer cells. Not only that, It can also induce immune memory in patients, so that patients can obtain long-term anti-cancer effect.

DCVAC/LuCa is a dendritic cell vaccine developed by the United States for patients with non-small cell lung cancer.In a study on the first-line treatment of advanced lung cancer announced at the ASCO conference in 2019, DCVAC/LuCa vaccine combined with chemotherapy groupThe objective remission rate is 45%,The median overall survival time was 15.5 months, and the median progression-free survival time was 6.74 months.Reduce the risk of death by 46%!

In the Phase II clinical study of the latest novel dendritic cell vaccine DCVAC/LuCa (lung cancer dendritic cell vaccine) combined with standard carboplatin/pemetrexed in the treatment of advanced non-squamous cell (nsq) non-small cell lung cancer in 2022,The 1-year survival rate was 72.73% and the 2-year survival rate was 52.57%.By the time the data was published, the median overall survival time had not been reached. The median progression-free survival time was 8.0 months, and the objective remission rate was 31.82%.

　 Prostate cancer-Provenge vaccine 　

Provenge is the first vaccine approved for treatment in the United States, which initiated a new era of cancer immunotherapy.This is an autologous cell immunotherapy, which was approved by FDA on April 29, 2010 to treat asymptomatic or mild mCRPC. This approval marks the success of 20 years of unremitting efforts.In the United States, Provenge is the only FDA-approved immunotherapy for prostate cancer made from patients’ own immune cells.

　 Ovarian cancer-dcvac/ovca vaccine 　

At the 50th annual meeting of the Society of Gynecological Oncology (SGO) in 2019, the final result of SOV02, a phase II clinical trial, was announced: DCVAC/OvCa, an immunotherapy based on dendritic cells, was added to standard carboplatin and gemcitabine schemes for patients with recurrent, platinum-sensitive and epithelial ovarian cancer.It can prolong the overall survival (OS) of patients with advanced recurrent ovarian cancer by more than one year.andDCVAC/OvCa reduced the death risk of second-line treatment of ovarian cancer by 62%. The overall survival (OS) increased significantly by 13.4 months. The median progression-free survival rate (mPFS) increased by 1.8 months. The global phase III study will be launched soon.

Melanoma-TLPLDC vaccine

The subgroup analysis results of the phase IIb clinical trial of TLPLDC vaccine in the treatment of melanoma were published at the ASCO-SITC Clinical Immunooncology Conference in 2020.

In that population analysis follow the clinical research protocol (PT), compared with the comfort unit,The 24-month disease-free survival rate in TLPLDC treatment group was significantly improved (62.9% vs 34.8%), indicating that the relative risk of disease recurrence was reduced by nearly 50%.

In the population analysis of Intentional Treatment (ITT),There was no significant improvement in 24-month disease-free survival between TLPLDC treatment group and placebo group (38.5%)　vs　27%），But in this analysis,The improvement trend of 24-month overall survival rate (OS) was stronger (86.4% vs 75.1%)..

　 Kidney Cancer-Ilixadencel Vaccine 　

Ilixadencel is an allogeneic dendritic cell (DC) vaccine. Research shows that,Ilixadencel combined with targeted anticancer drug sunitinib(Sotan, common name: sunitinib)First-line treatment of newly diagnosed advanced metastatic renal cell carcinoma（mRCC）Compared with patients treated with sunitinib alone, the total remission rate is doubled, the complete remission rate is higher and the remission is more lasting!

　 Glioblastoma-AV-GBM-1 vaccine 　 On June 8, 2021, well-known foreign biomedical companies announced the release of phase II clinical trial data of their personalized cancer vaccine AV-GBM-1. The research shows that this new vaccine has great potential for prolonging the overall survival of newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients in the medium term. The median progression-free survival time of patients was 10.4 months, which was about 50% higher than the median progression-free survival time of 6.9 months in the landmark STUPP study, and established a nursing standard for newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients. 　 　 Non-small cell lung cancer-tedopi vaccine 　

On April 1st, 2020, a new anti-cancer vaccine, TEDPI, achieved positive results in the phase III clinical trial of non-small cell lung cancer. After the immune checkpoint inhibitor (PD-1) was resistant or failed, all patients in the group used TEDPI vaccine in the second or third line, and the overall survival rate for one year reached 46%, far exceeding the preset 25%!

A 54-year-old patient with advanced lung cancer has rapidly shrunk (from 39mm to 23mm) after five injections of the new lung cancer vaccine. At the time of reporting, his survival time has exceeded 20.6 months, and he is still being followed up.

06　　CIK cell therapy

　 CIK cells, that is, Cytokine-Induced Killer (CIK), are a new type of immunocompetent cells, which have strong proliferative ability and cytotoxicity, and have certain immune characteristics. Because this cell expresses both CD3 and CD56 membrane protein molecules, it is also called NK cell (natural killer cell)-like T lymphocyte, which has both the strong anti-tumor activity of T lymphocyte and the non-MHC-limited anti-tumor advantage of NK cell. If NK cells are the "first line of defense" to protect human health, then CIK cells are undoubtedly the "precision missiles" to kill tumor cells. Especially for patients after surgery or radiotherapy and chemotherapy, it can eliminate residual tiny metastatic lesions, prevent cancer cells from spreading and recurring, and improve immunity. Therefore, CIK cells are considered as the first choice for a new generation of adoptive cellular immunotherapy for tumors. Research progress of representative CIK cell therapy 　 　　

nasal pharyngeal cancer 　

Among 137 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated by CIK, 50% of them improved their survival time by 6-9 months, and among 137 patients treated by CIK, 50% of them delayed their tumor progression by 6-7 months.

　 liver cancer 　

Among the 819 patients with liver cancer treated by CIK, 50% of them improved their survival time by 13~25 months, and among the 819 patients treated by CIK, 50% of them delayed their tumor progression by 4~7 months.

　 ovarian cancer 　

Among 72 patients with ovarian cancer treated by CIK, 50% of them have improved their survival time by 24 months. Among 72 cases of ovarian cancer treated by CIK, 50% of ovarian cancer patients delayed their tumor progression by 14.5 months.

　

carcinoma of colon

Among 126 patients with colon cancer treated by CIK, 50% of them have a longer survival time of 30 months. Among 126 patients with colon cancer treated by CIK, 50% of them delayed their tumor progression by 14.5 months.

　 breast cancer 　

The probability that the survival time of 150 breast cancer patients treated with CIK can reach 5 years is increased to 85.7%; The probability of keeping breast cancer from recurring in 150 breast cancer patients treated with CIK within 5 years increased to 72.3%.

　 Solid tumor 　

Of the 31 patients treated with PD-1 antibody combined with DC-CIK, 2 patients’ tumors completely subsided and 5 patients’ tumors partially subsided. Of the above 7 patients, 6 patients’ effects can be maintained for 5 months. The tumors of the other 13 patients remained stable.

　 renal carcinoma 　

Among 43 patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma treated by CIK, 50% of them can delay the tumor progression to 14.7 months.

07　　CAR-M therapy　

In recent years, the study of macrophages has also been paid attention to by the industry. How to activate the anti-tumor activity of these macrophages is the direction that immunologists have been working hard. CD47, an immune checkpoint on macrophages, has become a very promising hot target in the field of tumor immunotherapy.

In a recent study published in Nature Biotechnology, researchers from perelman Medical College of the University of Pennsylvania and other research institutions may have an alternative to T cell therapy to overcome these challenges. Their research shows that genetic modification of macrophages (an immune cell that devours intruders in vivo) may be the key to developing effective cell therapy for solid tumors. They were able to confirm these genetically modified expressions. The macrophages of CAR (CAR-M) can kill tumors in human samples and mouse models in the laboratory and prolong their life.　 　

　　

CAR-M therapy is centered on macrophages, which devour invading cells instead of destroying them like T cells. T cells are more like Space Invaders games, while macrophages are more like Pac-Man games. Another major difference between macrophages and T cells is that they are the first responders of the body to virus infection. Historically, this poses a challenge in trying to genetically modify them to attack cancer, because macrophages are not easily transfected by standard viral vectors used in gene therapy and cell therapy.

In this experiment, the research team used genetic engineering technology to transform macrophages. They not only expressed CAR targeting HER2 antigen, but also were activated and differentiated into M1 macrophage types that promoted inflammation. In this way,These CAR-M cells can not only target tumor cells, but also change the microenvironment near tumors by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines. They can also present tumor antigens to T cells and activate T cells’ immune response to tumors, which can be described as "killing three birds with one stone".

On March 18th, 2021, Carisma Company of the United States announced the completion of the first drug delivery to the subjects of CAR-M therapy (CT-0508) targeting Her2, marking a new era of CAR-M transformation therapy for solid tumors. In a word, taking macrophages as effector cells transformed by CAR is expected to reverse the tumor inhibitory microenvironment, so as to break through the obstacles of immune cell therapy in solid tumors.　

08　　CTL (cytotoxic T lymphocyte) therapy

What cell therapy can be used as an adjuvant therapy for the majority of patients with inoperable advanced cancer? In recent years, researchers have been developing new immunotherapy schemes for these patients, including CTL(cytotoxic T lymphocytes) technology. This technology mainly uses protein, which is unique to cancer cells and has no or low content in normal cells, as bait to select the truly anticancer lymphocytes in peripheral blood, and then further improve and amplify them in vitro, and then return them to patients. MTCA-CTL immunotherapy is a new generation of biological immunotherapy model introduced in China. While ensuring the expansion of non-MHC-restricted killer NK-T cells, directional expansion of HC-restricted CD8＋+specific CTL cells can make its proportion in cell products reach 60% ~ 70%. The combined effect of this killer cell makes the efficiency of killing tumor cells higher. 　

At present, the multi-target compound antigen peptide biological immunotherapy technology, which is undergoing the second phase of clinical trials in the Cancer Hospital of China Academy of Medical Sciences, is the fifth and brand-new generation of cellular immunotherapy technology, which can optimize the activation method of DC (dendritic cells) to enhance the killing effect of immune cells on tumor cells. At present, it has achieved good clinical results and I believe it will really benefit cancer patients.

【Mainly suitable for solid tumors.】Head and neck tumor, esophageal cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, membranous adenocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, coma cancer, prostate cancer, malignant melanoma, sarcoma and partial malignant lymphoma.

If economic conditions permit and you want to consult MTCA-CTL therapy, you can contact.Cancer-free Home Medical Department (400-626-9916), a detailed assessment of the condition.

09　　CAR-NKT therapy

　 Natural killer T cells (NKT) are a group of special T cell subsets that express both T cell receptors (TCR) and NK cell receptors on the cell surface, and can produce a large number of cytokines. Such as IL-4 and INFγ. These cells can not only directly dissolve and kill tumor cells, but also play an anti-tumor role through indirect ways (secreted cytokines, activated immune cells, etc.). Recently, a phase I clinical trial jointly conducted by Baylor Medical College in Houston and Texas Children’s Hospital is evaluating a new treatment for children with recurrent neuroblastoma –CAR-NKT cell therapy is expected to break through this bottleneck. Phase I trial, code-named GINAKIT2, used CAR-NKT cells for the first time to treat recurrent neuroblastoma. Eleven children (1~21 years old, with an average age of 7 years old) were all recurrent/refractory high-risk neuroblastoma, with extensive metastasis and no better treatment plan in clinic. The results are very encouraging: Of the 11 advanced patients, The condition of 4 patients was stable, 2 patients achieved partial remission (tumor was obviously reduced), and one of them had complete remission (CR) after receiving the second CAR-NKT cell infusion. In safety, CAR-NKT is safer than CAR-T therapy. No dose-limiting toxicity was observed in the first 28 days after infusion.　

10　　Compound immune cell therapy

This technology will alsoSix kinds of cells, such as γδT cells, NK cells, NKT cells, killer T cells, dendritic cells and helper T cells.Activate, multiply 10 million to 20 million cells to 2 billion to 5 billion cells, and then inject them into patients. Cultivating such important immune cells at the same time greatly improves the therapeutic effect compared with single treatment.

Except for some leukemia and malignant lymphoma,It can be used for the treatment of most cancers, and has a good effect in refractory cancer types and advanced cancers. Besides,Compound immune cells also play a great role in improving immunity and strengthening the body.

Xiaobian has something to say

In recent years, due to the development of medical level, new cancer treatment methods have appeared one after another, among which cellular immunotherapy is in full swing, which brings new hope to cancer patients. According to the latest statistics, compared with patients with advanced lung cancer, gastric cancer and liver cancer who only receive surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, adjuvant cellular immunotherapy can prolong the survival time of patients and significantly improve the data effect. In fact, tumor treatment is actually a complex "project", and it is difficult to achieve good results by relying solely on a certain treatment method. Tumor treatment needs the cooperation of various treatment methods to achieve the final victory in the fight against cancer.